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[Flamingos in a pond]

A group of orange flamingos stand together in a pond.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Flock of flamingos in their pond, one in the foreground eyeing the photographer]

As a group of orange flamingos stands in their pond, one in the foreground eyes the photographer.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Flock of flamingos in their pond, with visitors looking on]

A group of orange flamingos stand together in their pond while a man and woman look at them.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Flock of flamingos with large round cement birdbath]

A flock of orange flamingos stands in the their pond while one of their number ventures into a large empty cement bird bath.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Flock of flamingos with palm plant]

A flock of orange flamingos stand together in their pond with a green palm plant in the background.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Flock of flaminos, one with his head in a food dish]

As a group of orange flamingos stand in their pond, one puts his head in the food dish.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library
Genetic Analysis of Stress Responses in Soil Bacteria for Enhanced Bioremediation of Mixed Contaminants (open access)

Genetic Analysis of Stress Responses in Soil Bacteria for Enhanced Bioremediation of Mixed Contaminants

In order to realize the full potential of bioremediation, an understanding of microbial community and individual bacterial responses to the stresses encountered at contaminated sites is needed. Knowledge about genetic responses of soil and subsurface bacteria to environmental stresses, which include low nutrients, low oxygen, and mixed pollutants, will allow extrapolation of basic principles to field applications, either using indigenous bacteria or genetically engineered microorganisms. Defining bacterial responses to those stresses presents an opportunity for improving bioremediation strategies, both with indigenous populations and genetically-engineered microbes, and should contribute to environmental management and restoration actions that would reduce the cost and time required to achieve OEM's clean up goals. Stress-inducible genes identified in this project can be used as molecular probes for monitoring performance of indigenous bacteria as well as the effectiveness of bioremediation strategies being employed. Knowledge of survival and catabolic plasmid stability of indigenous bacteria will be needed for devising the most effective bioremediation strategy. In addition, stress-inducible regulatory elements identified in this project will be useful for creating genetically-engineered microorganisms which are able to degrade hazardous wastes under stress conditions at contaminated sites. One of the model organisms, Deinococcus radiodurans, is a stress-resistant bacterium. Thus, in addition to …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Wong, Kwong-Kwok
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Frequency Electromagnetic Impedance Measurements For Characterization, Monitoring And Verification Efforts (open access)

High Frequency Electromagnetic Impedance Measurements For Characterization, Monitoring And Verification Efforts

Electromagnetic methods in exploration geophysics include many technologies capable of imaging the subsurface. The electromagnetic geophysical spectrum for shallow subsurface imaging is roughly 1 Hz to 500 MHz, with electrical resistivity and other geometric sounding methods located at the low frequency end and the familiar GPR method at the high end of the spectrum. Baseline studies (Pellerin et al., 1997) show that electromagnetic instrumentation in the mid- and low-frequencies (< 300 kHz) and GPR systems (> 30 MHz) are well developed in the commercial sector. In the high-frequency range of 300 kHz to 100 MHz developments have been quite recent and reside within the research community. Accurate theoretical numerical modeling algorithms are available for simulations and interpretation across the entire spectrum (Mackie and Madden, 1993; Pellerin et al., 1995; Pellerin et al., 1997; Alumbaugh and Newman, 1995; Lee et al., 1995, Newmann and Alumbaugh, 1997; Newmann, 1999; Sasaki, 1999, etc.), but instrumentation suitable for collecting calibrated field data in the important high-frequency range is critically lacking. Several attempts to develop reliable, accurate and calibrated instruments (Sternberg and Poulton, 1996; Stewart et al., 1994; Wright et el., 1996) have produced mixed results. We proposed to exploit the concept of electromagnetic impedance, …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Lee, Ki Ha & Becker, Alex
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Resolution Prediction of Gas Injection Process Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs Quarterly Report (open access)

High Resolution Prediction of Gas Injection Process Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs Quarterly Report

Gas injection in oil reservoirs offers huge potential for improved oil recovery. However, successful design of a gas injection process requires a detailed understanding of a variety of different significant processes, including the phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures and the approach to multi-contact miscibility in the reservoir, the flow of oil, water and gas underground, and the interaction of phase behavior reservoir heterogeneity and gravity on overall performance at the field scale. This project attempts to tackle all these issues using a combination of theoretical, numerical and laboratory studies of gas injection. The aim of this work is to develop a set of ultra-fast compositional simulation tools that can be used to make field-scale predictions of the performance of gas injection processes. To achieve the necessary accuracy, these tools must satisfy the fundamental physics and chemistry of the displacement from the pore to the reservoir scales. Thus this project focuses on four main research areas: (1) determination of the most appropriate methods of mapping multicomponent solutions to streamlines and streamtubes in 3D; (2) development of techniques for automatic generation of analytical solutions for one-dimensional flow along a streamline; (3) experimental investigations to improve the representation of physical mechanisms that govern …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Hewett, Thomas A. & Orr, Franklin M., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique For The Assessment And Monitoring Of Leachates In The Vadose Zone (open access)

A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique For The Assessment And Monitoring Of Leachates In The Vadose Zone

At many DOE facilities, the presence of radioactive wastes and other contaminants within the vadose zone poses a serious and ongoing threat to public health and safety. In many cases these contaminants have been introduced directly to the vadose zone through releases on the surface or in shallow pits, and through leaking storage facilities. To reduce the environmental risks these wastes pose, the DOE is currently considering two fundamentally different approaches. The first involves remediation by treating contaminants in-place while the second, and more economically feasible being examined by DOE, involves in-situ immobilization of the wastes. Immobilization would be achieved through both injection of subsurface grout barriers to block transport pathways and installation of surface caps to prevent additional water infiltration into contaminated formations. A necessary requirement of both remediation approaches is the need to obtain information on the spatial distributions of the hydraulic and transport properties, the amount of contamination in place, and flow and transport processes that are occurring. With this information in hand, informed decisions can be made in order to optimize the remediation process for each particular case. In particular, these capabilities could result in reduced remediation costs, as well as providing necessary data to illustrate …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Alumbaugh, David L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved Analytical Characterization of Solid Waste-Forms by Fundamental Development of Laser Ablation Technology (open access)

Improved Analytical Characterization of Solid Waste-Forms by Fundamental Development of Laser Ablation Technology

Laser ablation (LA) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been demonstrated as a viable technology for sample characterization within the EM complex. Laser ablation systems have been set up at the Hanford Site, Savannah River Plant, the Pu immobilization program (MD), Los Alamos, and at numerous other DOE facilities. Characterization of elemental and isotopic chemical constituents is an important function in support of tank-waste operation and remediation functions. Proper waste characterization enables safe operation of the tank farms, resolution of tank safety questions, and development of processes and equipment for retrieval, pretreatment, and immobilization of tank waste. All of these operations are dependent on the chemical analysis of tank waste (1). A specified need by the Tanks Focus Area (TFA) is to validate the laser ablation mass spectrometer (LA/MS) technology through round robin testing of standard materials and through fundamental studies of the laser ablation process (2). Advancement of the laser ablation technology is warranted to guarantee accuracy of analysis for the diversity of complex EM samples. This EMSP research endeavored to understand fundamental laser-ablation and ICP-MS detection characteristics, to ensure accurate and sensitive analytical characterization for EM wastesite samples. The difficulty in characterization of EM waste samples …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Russo, Richard E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth (open access)

Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth

The growth of the Internet may be affected by issues being debated by Congress. This report summarizes several key technology policy issues that were under consideration by the 106th Congress.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.; Nunno, Richard M.; Moteff, John D. & Kruger, Lennard G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Jaguar looks at the photographer while tourists look on]

A jaguar calmly observes the photographer while a man and little girl on the other side of a glass wall peer inside.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library
King County Nearshore Habitat Mapping Data Report: Picnic Point to Shilshole Bay Marina (open access)

King County Nearshore Habitat Mapping Data Report: Picnic Point to Shilshole Bay Marina

The objective of this study is to provide accurate, georeferenced maps of benthic habitats to assist in the siting of a new wastewater treatment plant outfall and the assessment of habitats of endangered, threatened, and economically important species. The mapping was conducted in the fall of 1999 using two complementary techniques: side-scan sonar and underwater videography. Products derived from these techniques include geographic information system (GIS) compatible polygon data of substrate type and vegetation cover, including eelgrass and kelp. Additional GIS overlays include underwater video track line data of total macroalgae, selected macroalgal species, fish, and macroinvertebrates. The combined tools of geo-referenced side-scan sonar and underwater video is a powerful technique for assessing and mapping of nearshore habitat in Puget Sound. Side-scan sonar offers the ability to map eelgrass with high spatial accuracy and resolution, and provides information on patch size, shape, and coverage. It also provides information on substrate change and location of specific targets (e.g., piers, docks, pilings, large boulders, debris piles). The addition of underwater video is a complementary tool providing both groundtruthing for the sonar and additional information on macro fauna and flora. As a groundtruthing technique, the video was able to confirm differences between substrate …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Woodruff, Dana L.; Farley, Paul J.; Borde, Amy B.; Southard, John A. & Thom, Ronald M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Annual Report to the Department of Energy - December 2000. (open access)

Laboratory Directed Research and Development Annual Report to the Department of Energy - December 2000.

The goals and objectives of BNL's LDRD Program can be inferred from the Program's stated purposes. These are to (1) encourage and support the development of new ideas and technology, (2) promote the early exploration and I exploitation of creative and innovative concepts, and (3) develop new ''fundable'' R&D projects and programs. The emphasis is clearly articulated by BNL to be on supporting exploratory research ''which could lead to new programs, ,projects, and directions'' for the Laboratory. As one of the premier scientific laboratories of the DOE, BNL must continuously foster groundbreaking scientific research. At Brookhaven National Laboratory one such method is through its Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. This discretionary research and development tool is critical in maintaining the scientific excellence and long-term vitality of the Laboratory. Additionally, it is a means to stimulate the scientific community, fostering new science and technology ideas, which is a major factor in achieving and maintaining staff excellence and a means to address national needs within the overall mission of the DOE and BNL. The LDRD Annual Report contains summaries of all research activities funded during Fiscal Year 2000. The Project Summaries with their accomplishments described in this report reflect the above. …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Fox, K. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Levelland and Hockley County News-Press (Levelland, Tex.), Vol. 22, No. 79, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 31, 2000 (open access)

Levelland and Hockley County News-Press (Levelland, Tex.), Vol. 22, No. 79, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 31, 2000

Semiweekly newspaper from Levelland, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Rigg, John
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Little boy looks at a flock of flamingos in their pond]

A little boy looks through a fence at a flock of flamingos in their pond.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long-Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment: Modes Of Mobility (open access)

Long-Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment: Modes Of Mobility

The mobility of actinides in surface soils remains a key issue of concern at several DOE facilities in arid and semiarid environments, including Rocky Flats, Hanford, Nevada, Idaho, and Los Alamos. Over the last 50 years, nuclear research and development programs have resulted in releases of plutonium to both on-site and off-site locations. Most of this plutonium and other actinides are currently in soils where it is tightly bound to soil particles (Watters et al. 1983), but these particles themselves are subject to redistribution. Research indicates that actinide redistribution is driven primarily by physical and biological processes associated with ecosystem dynamics, rather than by chemical processes. Actinide mobility is a high visibility issue at Rocky Flats and Hanford due to pending litigation and clean-up decisions. The potential for redistribution has lead plaintiff groups to sue the DOE and its contractors at Rocky Flats and Hanford by claiming that past releases of plutonium have occurred and that these releases have exposed off-site human populations to large amounts of plutonium with consequent negative health risks to humans (Goble 1996). Plaintiffs also claim that these exposures will continue to occur because of chronic releases from contaminated soil from on-site sources (Goble 1996, Smallwood …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Breshears, David D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Man and woman look up as a shark swims overhead]

As a man and woman stand underneath the aquarium and look up, a shark swims over their heads.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Man prepares to feed the flamingos]

A man in a bright blue shirt prepares to feed the flamingos, as the flock stands nearby.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Castillo, José L.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library
Microbial genomes: Blueprints for life (open access)

Microbial genomes: Blueprints for life

Complete microbial genome sequences hold the promise of profound new insights into microbial pathogenesis, evolution, diagnostics, and therapeutics. From these insights will come a new foundation for understanding the evolution of single-celled life, as well as the evolution of more complex life forms. This report is an in-depth analysis of scientific issues that provides recommendations and will be widely disseminated to the scientific community, federal agencies, industry and the public.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Relman, David A. & Strauss, Evelyn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monitoring Genetic and Metabolic Potential for in situ Bioremediation: Mass Spectrometry (open access)

Monitoring Genetic and Metabolic Potential for in situ Bioremediation: Mass Spectrometry

A number of DOE sites are contaminated with mixtures of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. At many of these sites, in situ microbial bioremediation is an attractive strategy for cleanup, since it has the potential to degrade DNAPLs in situ without the need for pump-and-treat or soil removal procedures, and without producing toxic byproducts. A rapid screening method to determine broad range metabolic and genetic potential for contaminant degradation would greatly reduce the cost and time involved in assessment for in situ bioremediation, as well as for monitoring ongoing bioremediation treatment. The objective of this project was the development of mass-spectrometry-based methods to screen for genetic potential for both assessment and monitoring of in situ bioremediation of DNAPLs. These methods were designed to provide more robust and routine methods for DNA based characterization of th e genetic potential of subsurface microbes for degrading pollutants. Specifically, we sought to (1) Develop gene probes that yield information equivalent to conventional probes, but in a smaller size that is more amenable to mass spectrometric detection, (2) Pursue improvements to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) methodology in order to allow its more general application to …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Buchanan, Michelle V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A NOVEL ENERGY EFFICIENT PLASMA CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE TOXIC COMPOUNDS (open access)

A NOVEL ENERGY EFFICIENT PLASMA CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE TOXIC COMPOUNDS

Destruction of low-concentrations (below several percent) of toxic volatile compounds from contaminated air stream is encountered at the DOE waste sites in the following instances: (i) off-gases resulting from air-stripping of highly-contaminated water and soil (contaminated with DNAPLs, VOCs, etc), (ii) effluent from the incineration of highly-concentrated combustible hazardous wastes. If the contaminated air stream has concentrations of a few parts per million (ppm) then passive methods, such as activated carbon, can be used successfully. If the concentration level is more than several percent, then thermal incineration can be successfully used. However, in the intermediate range neither of the above processes are suitable [1]. During the past decade or so, non-thermal plasma techniques have been investigated (see the references in [1, 2]) for the remediation of waste streams with concentrations in this intermediate range (to our knowledge, our project was the only one that addressed this problem under the EMSP sponsorship). Our approach is a completely different from those previous non-thermal plasma techniques. The main objective was to investigate the feasibility of a novel plasma chemical process for the remediation of toxic gas mixtures based on an enhanced dissociative electron attachment process that had been discovered in a basic research …
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: Pinnaduwage, Lal A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 105, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 31, 2000 (open access)

The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 105, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 31, 2000

Semiweekly newspaper from Carthage, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 31, 2000
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History