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[98e]-Catalytic reforming of gasoline and diesel fuel
Argonne National Laboratory is developing a fuel processor for converting liquid hydrocarbon fuels to a hydrogen-rich product suitable for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. The processor uses an autothermal reformer to convert the feed to a mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water with trace quantities of other components. The carbon monoxide in the product gas is then converted to carbon dioxide in water-gas shift and preferential oxidation reactors. Fuels that have been tested include standard and low-sulfur gasoline and diesel fuel, and Fischer-Tropsch fuels. Iso-octane and n-hexadecane were also examined as surrogates for gasoline and diesel, respectively. Complete conversion of gasoline was achieved at 750 C in a microreactor over a novel catalyst developed at Argonne. Diesel fuel was completely converted at 850 C over this same catalyst. Product streams contained greater than 60% hydrogen on a dry, nitrogen-free basis with iso-octane, gasoline, and n-hexadecane. For a diesel fuel, product streams contained >50% hydrogen on a dry, nitrogen-free basis. The catalyst activity did not significantly decrease over >16 hours operation with the diesel fuel feed. Coke formation was not observed. The carbon monoxide fraction of the product gas could be reduced to as low as 1% …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Pereira, C.; Wilkenhoener, R.; Ahmed, S. & Krumpelt, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active sensors for health monitoring of aging aerospace structures
A project to develop non-intrusive active sensors that can be applied on existing aging aerospace structures for monitoring the onset and progress of structural damage (fatigue cracks and corrosion) is presented. The state of the art in active sensors structural health monitoring and damage detection is reviewed. Methods based on (a) elastic wave propagation and (b) electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance technique are cited and briefly discussed. The instrumentation of these specimens with piezoelectric active sensors is illustrated. The main detection strategies (E/M impedance for local area detection and wave propagation for wide area interrogation) are discussed. The signal processing and damage interpretation algorithms are tuned to the specific structural interrogation method used. In the high-frequency E/M impedance approach, pattern recognition methods are used to compare impedance signatures taken at various time intervals and to identify damage presence and progression from the change in these signatures. In the wave propagation approach, the acousto-ultrasonic methods identifying additional reflection generated from the damage site and changes in transmission velocity and phase are used. Both approaches benefit from the use of artificial intelligence neural networks algorithms that can extract damage features based on a learning process. Design and fabrication of a set of structural specimens …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Giurgiutiu, Victor; Redmond, James M.; Roach, Dennis & Rackow, Kirk A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 295, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 29, 2000
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Bush, Michael
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 78, No. 104, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 29, 2000
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Benchmarking the Remote-Handled Waste Facility at the West Valley Demonstration Project
ABSTRACT Facility decontamination activities at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), the site of a former commercial nuclear spent fuel reprocessing facility near Buffalo, New York, have resulted in the removal of radioactive waste. Due to high dose and/or high contamination levels of this waste, it needs to be handled remotely for processing and repackaging into transport/disposal-ready containers. An initial conceptual design for a Remote-Handled Waste Facility (RHWF), completed in June 1998, was estimated to cost $55 million and take 11 years to process the waste. Benchmarking the RHWF with other facilities around the world, completed in November 1998, identified unique facility design features and innovative waste pro-cessing methods. Incorporation of the benchmarking effort has led to a smaller yet fully functional, $31 million facility. To distinguish it from the June 1998 version, the revised design is called the Rescoped Remote-Handled Waste Facility (RRHWF) in this topical report. The conceptual design for the RRHWF was completed in June 1999. A design-build contract was approved by the Department of Energy in September 1999.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Mendiratta, O. P. & Ploetz, D. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 95, No. 17, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 29, 2000
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Keasling, Edna & Fierro, Jennifer
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Brady Herald (Brady, Tex.), Vol. 57, No. 16, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 29, 2000
Weekly newspaper from Brady, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Stewart, James E.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Characterization of electrical linewidth test structures patterned in (100) Silicon-on-Insulator for use as CD standards
This paper describes the fabrication and measurement of the linewidths of the reference segments of cross-bridge resistors patterned in (100) Bonded and Etched Back Silicon-on-Insulator (BESOI) material. The critical dimensions (CD) of the reference segments of a selection of the cross-bridge resistor test structures were measured both electrically and by Scanning-Electron Microscopy (SEM) cross-section imaging. The reference-segment features were aligned with <110> directions in the BESOI surface material and had drawn linewidths ranging from 0.35 to 3.0 {micro}m. They were defined by a silicon micro-machining process which results in their sidewalls being atomically-planar and smooth and inclined at 54.737{degree} to the surface (100) plane of the substrate. This (100) implementation may usefully complement the attributes of the previously-reported vertical-sidewall one for selected reference-material applications. For example, the non-orthogonal intersection of the sidewalls and top-surface planes of the reference-segment features may alleviate difficulties encountered with atomic-force microscope measurements. In such applications it has been reported that it may be difficult to maintain probe-tip control at the sharp 90{degree} outside corner of the sidewalls and the upper surface. A second application is refining to-down image-processing algorithms and checking instrument performance. Novel aspects of the (100) SOI implementation that are reported here include …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Cresswell, M. W.; Allen, R. A.; Ghoshtagore, R. N.; Guillaume, N. M. P.; Shea, Patrick J.; Everist, Sarah C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of oxynitride dielectric films grown in NO/O{sub 2} mixtures by rapid thermal oxynitridation
Ultra-thin oxynitride films were grown on Si by direct rapid thermal processing (RTP) oxynitridation in NO/O{sub 2} ambients with NO concentrations from 5% to 50%. During oxynitridation, nitrogen accumulated at the Si/dielectric interface and the average concentration of in N through the resulting films ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 atomic percent. The average concentration of N in the films increased with increasing NO in the ambient gas, but decreased with longer RTP times. The maximum N concentration remained relatively constant for all RTP times and a given NO/O{sub 2} ambient. Re-oxidation following oxynitridation altered L the N profile and improved the electrical characteristics, with an optimal NO/O{sub 2} mixture in the range of 10% to 25% NO. Re-oxidation by RTP improves the electrical characteristics with respect to the films that were not re-oxidized and produces only slight changes in the N distribution or maximum concentration. The electrical results also indicate that oxynitride films are superior to comparably grown oxide films.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Everist, Sarah C.; Meisenheimer, Timothy L.; Nelson, Gerald C. & Smith, Paul Martin
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of electrical CD measurements and cross-section lattice-plane counts of sub-micrometer features replicated in Silicon-on-Insulator materials
Electrical test structures of the type known as cross-bridge resistors have been patterned in (100) epitaxial silicon material that was grown on Bonded and Etched-Back Silicon-on-Insulator (BESOI) substrates. The CDs (Critical Dimensions) of a selection of their reference segments have been measured electrically, by SEM (Scanning-Electron Microscopy) cross-section imaging, and by lattice-plane counting. The lattice-plane counting is performed on phase-contrast images made by High-Resolution Transmission-Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The reference-segment features were aligned with <110> directions in the BESOI surface material. They were defined by a silicon micromachining process which results in their sidewalls being atomically-planar and smooth and inclined at 54.737{degree} to the surface (100) plane of the substrate. This (100) implementation may usefully complement the attributes of the previously-reported vertical-sidewall one for selected reference-material applications. The SEM, HRTEM, and electrical CD (ECD) linewidth measurements that are made on BESOI features of various drawn dimensions on the same substrate is being investigated to determine the feasibility of a CD traceability path that combines the low cost, robustness, and repeatability of the ECD technique and the absolute measurement of the HRTEM lattice-plane counting technique. Other novel aspects of the (100) SOI implementation that are reported here are the ECD test-structure architecture …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Cresswell, Michael W.; Bonevich, John E.; Headley, Thomas J.; Allen, Richard A.; Giannuzzi, Lucille A.; Everist, Sarah C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data Foundry: Data Warehousing and Integration for Scientific Data Management
Data warehousing is an approach for managing data from multiple sources by representing them with a single, coherent point of view. Commercial data warehousing products have been produced by companies such as RebBrick, IBM, Brio, Andyne, Ardent, NCR, Information Advantage, Informatica, and others. Other companies have chosen to develop their own in-house data warehousing solution using relational databases, such as those sold by Oracle, IBM, Informix and Sybase. The typical approaches include federated systems, and mediated data warehouses, each of which, to some extent, makes use of a series of source-specific wrapper and mediator layers to integrate the data into a consistent format which is then presented to users as a single virtual data store. These approaches are successful when applied to traditional business data because the data format used by the individual data sources tends to be rather static. Therefore, once a data source has been integrated into a data warehouse, there is relatively little work required to maintain that connection. However, that is not the case for all data sources. Data sources from scientific domains tend to regularly change their data model, format and interface. This is problematic because each change requires the warehouse administrator to update the …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Musick, R.; Critchlow, T.; Ganesh, M.; Fidelis, Z.; Zemla, A. & Slezak, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Budget: Analysis of Real Property Maintenance and Base Operations Fund Movements
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the extent to which the Department of Defense (DOD) has moved funds that directly affect readiness to pay for real property maintenance and base operations, focusing on: (1) the net differences between the initial congressional designations of operation and maintenance (O&M) funding for real property maintenance and base operations and the amounts the services reported as obligated; (2) the net differences between the initial congressional designations of O&M funding for unit training and the amounts the services reported as obligated; and (3) determining from available DOD reports whether O&M funds were moved from unit training to pay for real property maintenance and base operations."
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Budget: Visibility and Accountability of O&M Fund Movements
A statement of record issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Department of Defense's (DOD) fiscal year (FY) 2001 budget as it relates to readiness needs, focusing on: (1) identifying the aggregated differences between the amounts Congress initially designated for the operation and maintenance (O&M) subactivities and those DOD reported as obligated for the same subactivities; (2) identifying those O&M subactivities where DOD obligated funds differently than congressionally initially designated in each year of the 5-year period GAO examined (1994 through 1998); and (3) assessing information available to Congress to track DOD's movement of funds among O&M subactivities."
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of reference materials for SNF NDA systems
The Department of Energy has over 200 different fuel types which will be placed in a geologic repository for ultimate disposal. At the present time, DOE EM is responsible for assuring safe existing conditions, achieving interim storage, and preparing for final disposition. Each task is governed by regulations which dictate a certain degree of knowledge regarding the contents and condition of the fuel. This knowledge and other associated characteristics are referred to as data needs. It is the stance of DOE EM, that personnel and economic resources are not available to obtain the necessary data to characterize such individual fuel type for final disposal documentation purposes. In addition, it is beyond the need of DOE to do so. This report describes the effort to classify the 200+ fuel types into a subset of fuel types for the purpose of non-destructive analysis (NDA) measurement system development and demonstration testing in support of the DOE National Spent Nuclear Fuel (NSNFP) Program. The fuel types have been grouped into 37 groups based on fuel composition, fuel form, assembly size, enrichment, and other characteristics which affect NDA measurements (e.g., neutron poisons).
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Klann, R. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct Energy Conversion Fission Reactor Progress Report: December 1999-February 2000
OAK-B135 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION FISSION REACTOR FOR THE PERIOD DECEMBER 1,1999 THRIUGH FEBRUARY 29,2000
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Brown, L. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of design and operation basis of the smear test station
The purpose of the WTC-STS is to provide final verification that the external canister surface is free of transferable contamination before transporting the canister to the Glass Waste Storage Building for onsite storage.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Hutsell, D.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental-based modeling of a support structure as part of a full system model
Structural dynamic systems are often attached to a support structure to simulate proper boundary conditions during testing. In some cases the support structure is fairly simple and can be modeled by discrete springs and dampers. In other cases the desired test conditions necessitate the use of a support structural that introduces dynamics of its own. For such cases a more complex structural dynamic model is required to simulate the response of the full combined system. In this paper experimental frequency response functions, admittance function modeling concepts, and least squares reductions are used to develop a support structure model including both translational and rotational degrees of freedom at an attachment location. Subsequently, the modes of the support structure are estimated, and a NASTRAN model is created for attachment to the tested system.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
CARNE,THOMAS G. & DOHRMANN,CLARK R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Experimental Investigation of a Prescription for Identifying Plastic Strain
A series of experiments is described in which a novel prescription for the identification of plastic strain is tested to determine its validity in the context of the strain-space formulation of rate-independent plasticity. Biaxial experiments were performed on several thin-walled aluminum 1100-O cylindrical specimens.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Brown, A. A.; Casey, J. & Nikkel, D. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 29, 2000
Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Bush, Kent
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Extraction of pores from microtomographic reconstructions of intact soil aggregates
Segmentation of features is often a necessary step in the analysis of volumetric data. The authors have developed a simple technique for extracting voids from irregular volumetric data sets. In this work they look at extracting pores from soil aggregates. First, they identify a threshold that gives good separability of the object from the background. They then segment the object, and perform connected components analysis on the pores within the object. Using their technique pores that break the surface can be segmented along with pores completely contained in the initially segmented object.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Albee, P. B.; Stockman, G. C. & Smucker, A. J. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Faculty Recital: 2000-02-29- William Scharnberg, Horn
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Faculty recital performed at the UNT College of Music.
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Scharnberg, William
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report Sustained Spheromak Physics Project FY 1997 - FY 1999
This is the final report on the LDRD SI-funded Sustained Spheromak Physics Project for the years FY1997-FY1999, during which the SSPX spheromak was designed, built, and commissioned for operation at LLNL. The specific LDRD project covered in this report concerns the development, installation, and operation of specialized hardware and diagnostics for use on the SSPX facility in order to study energy confinement in a sustained spheromak plasma configuration. The USDOE Office of Fusion Energy Science funded the construction and routine operation of the SSPX facility. The main distinctive feature of the spheromak is that currents in the plasma itself produce the confining toroidal magnetic field, rather than external coils, which necessarily thread the vacuum vessel. There main objective of the Sustained Spheromak Physics Project was to test whether sufficient energy confinement could be maintained in a spheromak plasma sustained by DC helicity injection. Achieving central electron temperatures of several hundred eV would indicate this. In addition, we set out to determine how the energy confinement scales with T{sub c} and to relate the confinement time to the level of internal magnetic turbulence. Energy confinement and its scaling are the central technical issues for the spheromak as a fusion reactor concept. …
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
Hooper, E.B. & Hill, D.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Financial Audit: IRS' Fiscal Year 1999 Financial Statements
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO audited the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) fiscal year (FY) 1999 financial statements."
Date:
February 29, 2000
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library