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Medicare Beneficiary Access to Care: The Effects of New Prospective Payment Systems on Outpatient Hospital Care, Home Health Care, and Skilled Nursing Facility Care (open access)

Medicare Beneficiary Access to Care: The Effects of New Prospective Payment Systems on Outpatient Hospital Care, Home Health Care, and Skilled Nursing Facility Care

This report discusses the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97), which required that prospective payment systems replace retrospective cost-based reimbursement systems for Medicare beneficiaries receiving care in hospital outpatient departments, from home health care agencies, and in skilled nursing facilities.
Date: February 2, 2000
Creator: Merck, Carolyn L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Grazing Regulations: Public Lands Council v. Babbitt (open access)

Federal Grazing Regulations: Public Lands Council v. Babbitt

This report discusses new regulations on livestock grazing on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management became effective August 21, 1995. Many aspects of the new regulations were challenged in Public Lands Council v. Babbitt. A federal district court upheld many of the regulations, but struck down four of them and enjoined their implementation. At the appellate level, only the new regulation allowing conservation use to the exclusion of livestock grazing for the full term of a permit was held invalid. The Supreme Court has agreed to hear the case and argument has been set for March 1, 2000.
Date: February 1, 2000
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: The Role for Energy Efficiency (open access)

Global Climate Change: The Role for Energy Efficiency

This report reviews the role of energy efficiency in federal policies to curb CO2 emissions. In particular, it discusses targets for CO2 reductions, projected energy efficiency impacts, strategies for measuring impacts, and legislative proposals that would affect support for energy efficiency programs.
Date: February 3, 2000
Creator: Sissine, Fred
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview (open access)

Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year.
Date: February 29, 2000
Creator: Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000 Appropriations (open access)

The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000 Appropriations

This report outlines cuts made in the federal budget for FY2000. The 0.38% cut was expected to yield savings of $2.4 billion in budget authority and $1.4 billion in outlays for the fiscal year. Departments with cuts in excess of $100 million included the Departments of Defense, Transportation, Health and Human Services, and Education.
Date: February 25, 2000
Creator: Keith, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Going to Conference in the Senate (open access)

Going to Conference in the Senate

This report discusses the steps that the Senate must take, and one more step that it may take, as it arranges to send a bill to conference committee.
Date: February 1, 2000
Creator: Bach, Stanley
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Senate Committees: Categories and Rules for Committee Assignments (open access)

Senate Committees: Categories and Rules for Committee Assignments

None
Date: February 2, 2000
Creator: Schneider, Judy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tracking Current Federal Legislation and Regulations: A Guide to Basic Sources (open access)

Tracking Current Federal Legislation and Regulations: A Guide to Basic Sources

This report introduces selected basic sources that are useful in obtaining background information or specific facts on the status of federal legislative or regulatory initiatives. It includes telephone, online, and media sources are included, as well as pertinent directories, such as those of organizations that track areas of interest. Annotations describing each source's contents and organization are included so that researchers can select those that most closely fit their needs. Internet addresses usually provide information about the items, rather than access to them.
Date: February 15, 2000
Creator: Davis, Carol D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program: Highlights of Proposed Changes and Impacts on Agriculture (open access)

EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program: Highlights of Proposed Changes and Impacts on Agriculture

In August 1999 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed regulations to clarify and strengthen the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. Section 303(d) requires states to identify surface waters for which wastewater discharge limits are not stringent enough to achieve water quality standards and to allocate further required pollutant reductions among sources in order to attain those standards. This report discusses the major changes in EPA's proposals, compared with existing regulatory program requirements, and potential impacts on agriculture and forestry sources, which have been controversial.
Date: February 3, 2000
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Base Closures: Where Do We Stand? (open access)

Military Base Closures: Where Do We Stand?

None
Date: February 18, 2000
Creator: Lockwood, David E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO Applicant States: A Status Report (open access)

NATO Applicant States: A Status Report

On March 12, 1999, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary formally became members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; nine additional central and eastern European nations have applied to join the alliance: Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. There arc several general guidelines for evaluating nations seeking NATO membership; however, these guidelines are not a checklist that, when completed, would automatically guarantee membership. NATO members decide on the basis of consensus whether the admission of a state will serve the interests of the Alliance and promote European security and stability. This report, which was compiled from memoranda prepared in January 1999 at the request of Senator William Roth, contains brief assessments of the NATO applicants' qualifications, compared to those of the three new members, The report was updated in February 2000. The report will be updated as necessary.
Date: February 7, 2000
Creator: Woehrel, Steven; Kim, Julie & Ek, Carl
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money (open access)

Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money

Soft money is a major issue in the campaign finance reform debate because these generally unregulated funds are perceived as resulting from a loophole in the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA). Generally, soft money is funds that are raised and spent according to applicable state laws, which FECA prohibits from being spent directly on federal elections, but that may have an indirect influence on federal elections. This Issue Brief discusses three major types of soft money: political party soft money, corporate and labor union soft money, and soft money used for issue advocacy communications.
Date: February 4, 2000
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program: Preparing for the "Big One" (open access)

The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program: Preparing for the "Big One"

There is general agreement that damaging earthquakes will occur in the United States in the next few decades, likely causing dozens of deaths and tens of billions of dollars in losses. They cannot be prevented, and, thus far, cannot be predicted. Whether or not an earthquake prediction or earthquake warning is issued, public awareness of earthquake hazards is important. This report reviews the geologic background of earthquakes and seismic hazards in regions across the United States, describes the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, and reviews the new National Earthquake Loss Reduction Program.
Date: February 23, 2000
Creator: Mielke, James E
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Methane Hydrates: Energy Prospect or Natural Hazard? (open access)

Methane Hydrates: Energy Prospect or Natural Hazard?

None
Date: February 14, 2000
Creator: Mielke, James E
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview (open access)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview

None
Date: February 11, 2000
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2000: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies (open access)

Appropriations for FY2000: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the Subcommittees on Transportation of the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.
Date: February 4, 2000
Creator: Thompson, Duane A. & Kirk, Robert S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Debt Reduction: Initiatives for the Most Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (open access)

Debt Reduction: Initiatives for the Most Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

This report offers a broad overview of the debate concerning debt reduction for poor developing countries. It profiles the scope and structure of debt and reviews previous debt relief strategies and the current HIPC Initiative. It analyzes and compares competing alternatives endorsed by the Administration, congressional activists, NGOs, and other G-7 governments. Several key issues, such as costs, impact, and conditionality, of pending proposals are also assessed.
Date: February 1, 2000
Creator: Nowels, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Administration's Lands Legacy Initiative in the FY2001 Budget Proposal - A Fact Sheet (open access)

The Administration's Lands Legacy Initiative in the FY2001 Budget Proposal - A Fact Sheet

The fact sheet compares the FY2001 funding request for the Administration's Lands Legacy Initiative to the FY2000 request and the enacted FY2000 appropriation.
Date: February 14, 2000
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Level of Taxes in the United States, 1941-1999 (open access)

The Level of Taxes in the United States, 1941-1999

None
Date: February 11, 2000
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Legislation in the 106th Congress: An Overview (open access)

Trade Legislation in the 106th Congress: An Overview

None
Date: February 8, 2000
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues (open access)

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues

While many policymakers believe that free trade provides benefits to all trading partners, reducing barriers to trade forces firms and industries to adjust to stiffer global competition. For some, the adjustment process can be difficult and Congress, in recognizing this problem, has authorized programs to assist trade-impacted firms, industries, and workers.
Date: February 1, 2000
Creator: Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Policies (open access)

Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Policies

This report discusses the Bicycle and Pedestrian Legislation, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Of 1991 (ISTEA), Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century,and Funding under ISTEA and TEA21.
Date: February 14, 2000
Creator: Lipford, William A. & Harrison, Glennon J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture (open access)

Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture

RL30437: Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division February 16, 2000 ABSTRACT Agriculture, which has been a relatively minor component of national water quality policies and programs, especially regulatory policies, is currently involved with several recent Administration water quality initiatives. This report provides background on three ongoing initiatives with potential to affect agriculture: the Clean Water Action Plan, the Unified National Animal Feeding Operations Strategy, and implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) provisions of the Clean Water Act. The report includes a glossary of terms and a chronology of the key deadlines in the initiatives and identifies other CRS reports for additional information. It will be updated as developments warrant. Summary Congress most recently enacted amendments to the nation's water quality law, the Clean Water Act (CWA), in 1987. But national water quality policy has evolved in the intervening years, as a result of implementation of the 1987 amendments and related Administration initiatives intended to fulfill the requirements and meet the goals and objectives of the Act. Agriculture, which has been a relatively minor component of national water quality policies and programs, especially regulatory policies, is now …
Date: February 16, 2000
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wetlands Regulation and the Law of Property Rights "Takings" (open access)

Wetlands Regulation and the Law of Property Rights "Takings"

When a wetland owner is denied permission to develop, or offered a permit with very burdensome conditions, the property's value may drop substantially. Wetlands programs also may impose costly development delays. For these reasons, federal and state wetlands regulation continues to generate "takings" lawsuits by land owners. Such suits allege that by narrowing or eliminating the economic uses to which a wetland can be put, the government has "taken" (permanently or temporarily) the wetland under the Fifth Amendment Takings Clause.
Date: February 17, 2000
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library