An interactive Beamline Matching application has been developed using beamline and automatic differentiation class libraries. Various freely available components were used; in particular, the user interface is based on FLTK, a C++ toolkit distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL). The result is an application that compiles without modifications under both X-Windows and Win32 and offers the same look and feel under both operating environments. In this paper, we discuss some of the practical issues that were confronted and the choices that were made. In particular, we discuss object-based event propagation mechanisms, multithreading, language mixing and persistence.

The DOIM (Dense Optical-electrical Interface Modules) is a custom-designed optical data transmission module employed in the upgrade of Silicon Vertex Detector of CDF experiment at Fermilab. Each DOIM module consists of a transmitter (TX) converting electrical differential input signals to optical outputs, a middle segment of jacketed fiber ribbon cable, and a receiver (RX) which senses the light inputs and converts them back to electrical signals. The targeted operational frequency is 53 MHz, and higher rate is achievable. This article outlines the design goals, implementation methods, production test results, and radiation hardness tests of these modules.

The authors report the observation of dijet events with a Double Pomeron Exchange topology produced in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1,800 GeV. The events are characterized by a leading antiproton, two jets in the central pseudorapidity region, and a rapidity gap on the outgoing proton side. Results on kinematics, production rates, and comparisons with corresponding results from single diffractive and inclusive dijet production are presented.

Double-diffusive finger convection is a hydrodynamic instability that can occur when two components with different diffusivities are oppositely stratified with respect to the fluid density gradient as a critical condition is exceeded. Laboratory experiments were designed using sodium chloride and sucrose solutions in a Hele-Shaw cell. A high resolution, full field, light transmission technique was used to study the development of the instability. The initial buoyancy ratio (R{sub p}), which is a ratio of fluid density contributions by the two solutes, was varied systematically in the experiments so that the range of parameter space spanned conditions that were nearly stable (R{sub p} = 2.8) to those that were moderately unstable (R{sub p} = 1.4). In systems of low R{sub p}, fingers develop within several minutes, merge with adjacent fingers, form conduits, and stall before newer-generated fingers travel through the conduits and continue the process. Solute fluxes in low R{sub p} systems quickly reach steady state and are on the order of 10{sup {minus}6} m{sup 2} sec{sup {minus}1}. In the higher R{sub p} experiments, fingers are slower to evolve and do not interact as dynamically as in the lower R{sub p} systems. Our experiment with initial R{sub p} = 2.8 exhibited …

An important feature of a {mu}-storage ring {nu}-source is that it can be extended to the possibility of a future high-energy muon collider. The neutrino source provides a useful physics device that initiates key technologies required for future {mu}{sup +}-{mu}{sup {minus}} Colliders, but with much less demanding parameter requirements. These technologies include high-intensity {mu}-production, {mu}-capture, {mu}-cooling, {mu}-acceleration and multiturn {mu} storage rings. {mu}{sup +}-{mu}{sup {minus}} colliders require a similar number of muons, but they require that the muons be cooled to a much smaller phase space and formed into a small number of bunches, and both positive and negative bunches must be simultaneously captured. These differences are discussed, and the extension of the {nu}-source to {mu}{sup +}-{mu}{sup {minus}} collider specifications is described.

An experimental investigation was conducted to study double-diffusive finger convection in a Hele-Shaw cell by layering a sucrose solution over a more-dense sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The solutal Rayleigh numbers were on the order of 60,000, based upon the height of the cell (25 cm), and the buoyancy ratio was 1.2. A full-field light transmission technique was used to measure a dye tracer dissolved in the NaCl solution. They analyze the concentration fields to yield the temporal evolution of length scales associated with the vertical and horizontal finger structure as well as the mass flux. These measures show a rapid progression through two early stages to a mature stage and finally a rundown period where mass flux decays rapidly. The data are useful for the development and evaluation of numerical simulators designed to model diffusion and convection of multiple components in porous media. The results are useful for correct formulation at both the process scale (the scale of the experiment) and effective scale (where the lab-scale processes are averaged-up to produce averaged parameters). A fundamental understanding of the fine-scale dynamics of double-diffusive finger convection is necessary in order to successfully parameterize large-scale systems.

The authors report the results of a search for second and third generation leptoquarks using 88 pb{sup {minus}1} of data recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Color triplet technipions, which play the role of scalar leptoquarks, are investigated due to their potential production in decays of strongly coupled color octet technirhos. Events with a signature of two heavy flavor jets and missing energy may indicate the decay of a second (third) generation leptoquark to a charm (bottom) quark and a neutrino. As the data is found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations, mass limits are determined.

Events with signatures involving large missing transverse energy (E{sub T}) are among the quintessential search modes for R-parity conserving supersymmetry. CDF has conducted two recent analyses for supersymmetry which use E{sub T} and jets. The E{sub T} and monojet signature is employed to determine process independent limits for the production of new physics beyond the Standard Model and then applied to models of spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry to determine limits on the supersymmetry breaking parameter and the gravitino mass. Direct searches for scalar top and scalar bottom quarks within the framework of supersymmetric models are performed using a signature of E{sub T} and two heavy flavor jets. Since the data is found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations, limits are determined in the mass planes m({tilde {chi}}{sub 1}{sup 0})-m({tilde t}{sub 1}) and m({tilde {chi}}{sub 1}){sup 0}-m({tilde b}{sub 1}).

Hydraulic property measurements often rely on non-linear inversion models whose errors vary between samples. In non-linear physical measurement systems, bias can be directly quantified and removed using calibration standards. In hydrologic systems, field calibration is often infeasible and bias must be quantified indirectly. We use a Monte Carlo error analysis to indirectly quantify spatial bias in the saturated hydraulic conductivity, K{sub s}, and the exponential relative permeability parameter, {alpha}, estimated using a tension infiltrometer. Two types of observation error are considered, along with one inversion-model error resulting from poor contact between the instrument and the medium. Estimates of spatial statistics, including the mean, variance, and variogram-model parameters, show significant bias across a parameter space representative of poorly- to well-sorted silty sand to very coarse sand. When only observation errors are present, spatial statistics for both parameters are best estimated in materials with high hydraulic conductivity, like very coarse sand. When simple contact errors are included, the nature of the bias changes dramatically. Spatial statistics are poorly estimated, even in highly conductive materials. Conditions that permit accurate estimation of the statistics for one of the parameters prevent accurate estimation for the other; accurate regions for the two parameters do not overlap …

The classic hints on the structure of the quark mass matrices are shortly reviewed and the possibility of obtaining further information through precise texture analysis is discussed with the aid of a specific example.

The authors study the behavior of the underlying event in large transverse momentum charged jet and Z-boson production at 1.8 TeV and compare with the QCD Monte-Carlo models. The data indicate that neither ISAJET or HERWIG produce enough charged particles (with p{sub T} > 0.5 GeV/c) from the beam-beam remnant component and that ISAJET produces too many charged particle from initial-state radiation. PYTHIA which uses multiple parton scattering to enhance the underlying event does the best job describing the data.

A complement of 266 users, staff, and vendors descended upon the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) from Monday through Wednesday, October 16-18, 2000 for the thirteenth edition of the annual Advanced Light Source (ALS) users meeting. In a departure from previous practice, the meeting featured an increased emphasis on workshops with the result that the proceedings were equally divided between oral and poster presentations and the workshops. After the traditional welcomes and facility updates on the first morning, science dominated the first day and a half comprising the formal meeting with a session of highlights from young researchers, three sessions of scientific highlights from the ALS and elsewhere, and a poster session that included a student poster competition. A set of seven workshops covering research areas of current or growing interest at the ALS rounded out the final day and a half of the meeting.

We present a new approach for dynamic monochromatization of neutrons suitable for time-of-flight experiments at spallation neutron sources. The method requires polarized neutrons and is based on the Drabkin energy filter. In its initial application, this magnetic resonator device, consisting of a polarizer/analyzer system and a wavelength-dependent spin flipper, was proposed for extracting a narrow bandwidth from a broad bandwidth polarized neutron beam. At a spallation neutron source, wavelength is determined by time-of-flight (TOF) from the source to the detector. However, at each instant a spread of wavelengths is recorded due to the non-zero emission time of the source/moderator system. Particularly, high-intensity moderators for cold neutrons produce long ''tails'' in the intensity/time distribution for all wavelengths, degrading the resolution of the experiments. The Drabkin energy filter can be used to cut the neutron tails for all wavelengths, by drifting the resonance condition in synchronization with the TOF. Calculations show that the method is viable, and that substantial resolution gains are obtained by application to a TOF neutron reflectometer.

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VISTA was conceived through a detailed systems analysis as a viable, realistic, and defensible spacecraft concept based on advanced ICF technology but existing or near-term technology for other systems. It is a conical self-contained single-stage piloted spacecraft in which a magnetic thrust chamber directs the plasma emissions from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets into a rearward exhaust. VISTA's propulsion system is therefore unique because it is based on (1) a rather mature technology (ICF), which is known to work with sufficient driver input; (2) direct heating of all expellant by the fusion process, thus providing high mass flow rates without significant degradation of jet efficiency; and (3) a magnetic thrust chamber, which avoids the plasma thermalization and resultant degradation of specific impulse that are unavoidable with the use of mechanical thrust chambers. VISTA therefore has inherently high power/mass ratios and high specific impulses. With advanced ICF technology, ultra-fast roundtrips (RTs) to objects within the solar system are possible (e.g., {ge}145 days RT to Mars, {ge}7 years RT to Pluto). Such short-duration missions are imperative to minimize the human physiological deteriorations arising from zero gravity and the cosmic-radiation. In addition, VISTA offers on-board artificial gravity and propellant-based shielding from cosmic rays, …

The baseline design for the VISTA spacecraft concept employs a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) driver. This type of driver is now under development at LLNL and elsewhere as an extension of the mature solid-state (glass) laser technology developed for terrestrial applications of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A DPSSL is repratable up to at least 30 Hz, and has an efficiency soon to be experimentally verified of at least 10%. By using a detailed systems code including the essential physics of a DPSSL, we have run parameter studies for the baseline roundtrip (RT) to Mars with a 100-ton payload. We describe the results of these studies as a function of the optimized (minimum) RT flight duration. We also demonstrate why DT fuel gives the best performance, although DD, D3He, or even antimatter can be used, and why DT-ignited DD is probably the fuel most preferred. We also describe the overall power flow, showing where the fusion energy is ultimately utilized, and estimate the variation in performance to the planets dictated by variations in target gain and other parameters.

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Making use of the measurement of the $B\to K^*\gamma$ branching ratio together with the relations following from the limit of high recoil energy, we obtain stringent constraints on the values of the form-factors entering in heavy-to-light $B\to V\ell\ell'$ processes such as $B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-$, $B\to K^*\nu \bar\nu$ and $B\to \rho\ell\nu$ decays. We show that the symmetry predictions, when combined with the experimental information on radiative decays, specify a severely restricted set of values for the vector and axial-vector form-factors evaluated at zero momentum transfer, $q^2=0$. These constraints can be used to test model calculations and to improve our understanding of the $q^2$-dependence of semileptonic form-factors. We stress that the constraints remain stringent even when corrections are taken into account.

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The field of x-ray radiography is well established for doing non-destructive evaluation of a vast array of components, assemblies, and objects. While x-rays excel in many radiography applications, their effectiveness diminishes rapidly if the objects of interest are surrounded by thick, high-density materials that strongly attenuate photons. Due to the differences in interaction mechanisms, neutron radiography is highly effective in imaging details inside such objects. To obtain a high intensity neutron source suitable for neutron imaging a 9-MeV linear accelerator is being evaluated for putting a deuteron beam into a high-pressure deuterium gas cell. As a windowless aperture is needed to transport the beam into the gas cell, a low-emittance is needed to minimize losses along the high-energy beam transport (HEBT) and the end station. A description of the HEBT, the transport optics into the gas cell, and the requirements for the linac will be presented.