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Interlock recovery during the drying, calcination and vitrification phase of Am/Cm processing
This document summarizes the results of five CIM5 [5-inch Cylindrical Induction Melter] runs designed to demonstrate power interlock recovery methods during the drying, calcination and vitrification phases of the Am/Cm melter cycle.
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
Snyder, T.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Silicon float-zone crystal growth as a tool for the study of defects and impurities
Because of its ability to produce silicon crystals of exceptionally high purity and crystallographic perfection, the float-zone method lends itself to use as a tool for the controlled study of deliberately introduced defects and impurities in Si crystals and their effects on materials properties such as minority charge-carrier lifetime or photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Some examples of such studies are presented here. Defects the authors have studied include grain size, dislocations, swirl defects, and fast-cooling defects. Impurity studies have focused on H, N, Fe, and interactions between Fe and Ga. They used the bulk DC photoconductive decay lifetime characterization method and small diagnostic solar cell characterization techniques to assess material quality. The low defect and impurity concentrations obtainable by float zoning allow baseline lifetimes over 20 milliseconds and photovoltaic device efficiencies over 22%; therefore, small effects of impurities and defects can be detected easily.
Date:
June 20, 2000
Creator:
Ciszek, T. F. & Wang, T. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Savannah River Site approved site treatment plan, 2000 annual update
The Compliance Plan Volume (Volume 1) identifies project activity schedule milestones for achieving compliance with Land Disposal Restrictions. Information regarding the technical evaluation of treatment options for SRS mixed wastes is contained in the Background Volume (Volume 2) and is provided for information.
Date:
April 20, 2000
Creator:
Lawrence, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactivation of an Idle Lease to Increase Heavy Oil Recovery through Application of Conventional Steam Drive Technology in a Low Dip Slope and Basin Reservoir in the Midway-Sunset Field, San Jaoquin Basin, California, Class III
During the initial phase of the project a multifaceted feasibility study was carried out to examine whether the pilot project could be justified technically and economically at this site. This study included: (1) Recompletion of 9 shut-in wells and drilling of a additional producer and a new temperature observation well. A core was taken from the reservoir interval in the new producer, Pru-101. The wells were produced by conventional cyclic steaming over a period of 15 months to establish a production baseline for the site, (2) Characterization of the stratigraphy and petrophysical properties of the Monarch Sand reservoir using existing well logs and analyses on samples in the core taken from Pru-101. The resulting data were used to develop a geostatistical model of the reservoir at the Pru Fee property and a specific reservoir simulator for the pilot test site on the property, and (3) Use of the reservoir simulator to test various steamflood and cyclic steaming production options leading to design of a production strategy for the pilot steamflood based on a four pattern, 9-spot array covering 8 ac near the center of the 40 ac Pru Fee property. The array chosen required drilling additional producers and injectors to …
Date:
April 20, 2000
Creator:
Schamel, Steven; Deo, Milind; Deets, Mike & Olsen, Keven
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FINDING REGULATORY ELEMENTS USING JOINT LIKELIHOODS FOR SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION PROFILE DATA.
A recent, popular method of finding promoter sequences is to look for conserved motifs up-stream of genes clustered on the basis of expression data. This method presupposes that the clustering is correct. Theoretically, one should be better able to find promoter sequences and create more relevant gene clusters by taking a unified approach to these two problems. We present a likelihood function for a sequence-expression model giving a joint likelihood for a promoter sequence and its corresponding expression levels. An algorithm to estimate sequence-expression model parameters using Gibbs sampling and Expectation/Maximization is described. A program, called kimono, that implements this algorithm has been developed and the source code is freely available over the internet.
Date:
August 20, 2000
Creator:
IAN HOLMES, UC BERKELEY, CA, WILLIAM J. BRUNO, LANL
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental observations on the role of the cadmium pool in Mark-IV ER
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed and demonstrated an electrometallurgical process for the Department of Energy (DOE) to treat sodium bonded spent nuclear fuel. One of the key steps in the demonstration was electrorefining the spent fuel in a molten LiCl-KCl-UCl{sub 3}/liquid cadmium system using a pilot scale electrorefiner (Mark-IV ER). This article summarizes experimental observations and engineering aspects for the roles of the liquid cadmium during electrorefining spent fuel in the Mark-IV ER. It was found that the liquid cadmium pool acted as an intermediate electrode during the electrorefining process. The cadmium level was gradually decreased due to its high vapor pressure and vaporization rate at the ER operational temperature. The low cadmium level caused the anode assembly to electrically short with the ER vessel hardware, which resulted in the difficulties to determine the endpoint of uranium dissolution from the anode baskets and reducing the current efficiency. A reflux cadmium vapor trap was installed and has successfully prevented the cadmium level from decreasing.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
Li, S. X.; Vaden, D.; Mariani, R. D. & Johnson, T. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron Bernstein wave electron temperature profile diagnostic
Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) has been employed as a standard electron temperature profile diagnostic on many tokamaks and stellarators, but most magnetically confined plasma devices cannot take advantage of standard ECE diagnostics to measure temperature. They are either overdense, operating at high density relative to the magnetic field (e.g. where the plasma frequency is much greater than the electron cyclotron frequency, as in a spherical torus) or they have insufficient density and temperature to reach the blackbody condition. Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are electrostatic waves that can propagate in overdense plasmas and have a high optical thickness at the electron cyclotron resonance layers, as a result of their large perpendicular wavenumber. This paper reports on measurements of EBW emission on the CDX-U spherical torus, where B{sub o} {approximately} 2 kG, <n{sub e}> {approximately}10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}3} and T{sub e} {approx} to 10 -- 200 eV. Results are presented for electromagnetic measurements of EBW emission, mode-converted near the plasma edge. The EBW emission was absolutely calibrated and compared to the electron temperature profile measured by a multi-point Thomson scattering diagnostic. Depending on the plasma conditions, the mode converted EBW radiation temperature was found to be less than or equal to T{sub …
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Taylor, G.; Efthimion, P.; Jones, B.; Munsat, T.; Spaleta, J.; Hosea, J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impact of 2001 Building Technology, state and community programs on United States employment and wage income
The Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs (BTS) is interested in assessing the potential economic impacts of its portfolio of programs on national employment and income. A special purpose version of the IMPLAN input-output model allied In Build is used in this study of all 38 BTS programs included in the FY2001 federal budget. Energy savings, investments, and impacts on U.S. national employment and wage income are reported by program for selected years to the year 2030. Energy savings from these programs have the potential of creating a total of nearly 332,000 jobs and about $5.3 billion in wage income (1995$) by the year 2030. Because the required investments to achieve these savings are capital intensive, the net effect after investment is 304,000 jobs and $5.0 billion.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
Scott, M. J.; Hostick, D. J. & Elliott, D. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D Finite Element Analysis of Induction Logging in a Dipping Formation
Electromagnetic induction by a magnetic dipole located above a dipping interface is of relevance to the petroleum well-logging industry. The problem is fully three-dimensional (3-D) when formulated as above, but reduces to an analytically tractable one-dimensional (1-D) problem when cast as a small tilted coil above a horizontal interface. The two problems are related by a simple coordinate rotation. An examination of the induced eddy currents and the electric charge accumulation at the interface help to explain the inductive and polarization effects commonly observed in induction logs from dipping geological formations. The equivalence between the 1-D and 3-D formulations of the problem enables the validation of a previously published finite element solver for 3-D controlled-source electromagnetic induction.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Everett, Mark E.; Badea, Eugene A,; Shen, Liang, C.; Merchant, Gulamabbas A. & Weiss, Chester J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Disposal criticality analysis for the ceramic waste form from the ANL electrometallurgical treatment process - Internal configurations
Criticality safety issues for disposal of the ANL ceramic waste were examined for configurations within the waste package. Co-disposal of ceramic waste and DOE spent fuel is discussed briefly; co-disposal of ANL ceramic and metal wastes is examined in detail. Calculations indicate that no significant potential for criticality exists until essentially all of the important neutron absorbers are flushed from the degraded ceramic waste. Even if all of the neutron absorbers are removed from the ceramic waste rubble, the package remains far subcritical if the blended salts used in ceramic waste production have an initial U-235 enrichment below 40%.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
Lell, R. M.; Agrawal, R. & Morris, E. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Corrosion testing of spent nuclear fuel performed at Argonne National Laboratory for repository acceptance
Corrosion tests of DOE-owned spent nuclear fuel are performed at Argonne National Laboratory to support the license application for the Yucca Mountain Repository. The tests are designed to determine corrosion rates and degradation products formed when fuel is reacted at elevated temperature in different aqueous environments, including vapor, dripping water, submersion, and liquid film contact. Corrosion rates are determined from the quantity of radionuclides released from wetted fuel and from the weight loss of the test fuel specimen as a function of time. Degradation products include secondary mineral phases and dissolved, adsorbed, and colloidal species. Solid phase examinations determine fuel/mineral interface relationships, characterize radionuclide incorporation into secondary phases, and determine corrosion mechanisms at grain interfaces within the fuel. Leachate solution analyses quantify released radionuclides and determine the size and charge distribution of colloids. This paper presents selected results from corrosion tests on metallic fuels.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Goldberg, M. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recent advances during the treatment of spent EBR-II fuel
Several recent advances have been achieved for the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel. In anticipation of production operations at Argonne National Laboratory-West, development of both electrorefining and metal processing has been ongoing in the post-demonstration phase in order to further optimize the process. These development activities show considerable promise. This paper discusses the results of recent experiments as well as plans for future investigations.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
Westphal, B. R.; Mariani, R. D.; Vaden, D. E.; Sherman, S. R.; Li, S. X. & Keiser, D. D. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Colloids generation from metallic uranium fuel
The possibility of colloid generation from spent fuel in an unsaturated environment has significant implications for storage of these fuels in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. Because colloids can act as a transport medium for sparingly soluble radionuclides, it might be possible for colloid-associated radionuclides to migrate large distances underground and present a human health concern. This study examines the nature of colloidal materials produced during corrosion of metallic uranium fuel in simulated groundwater at elevated temperature in an unsaturated environment. Colloidal analyses of the leachates from these corrosion tests were performed using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Results from both techniques indicate a bimodal distribution of small discrete particles and aggregates of the small particles. The average diameters of the small, discrete colloids are {approximately}3--12 nm, and the large aggregates have average diameters of {approximately}100--200 nm. X-ray diffraction of the solids from these tests indicates a mineral composition of uranium oxide or uranium oxy-hydroxide.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Metz, C.; Fortner, J.; Goldberg, M. & Shelton-Davis, C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Management of super-grade plutonium in spent nuclear fuel
This paper examines the security and safeguards implications of potential management options for DOE's sodium-bonded blanket fuel from the EBR-II and the Fermi-1 fast reactors. The EBR-II fuel appears to be unsuitable for the packaging alternative because of DOE's current safeguards requirements for plutonium. Emerging DOE requirements, National Academy of Sciences recommendations, draft waste acceptance requirements for Yucca Mountain and IAEA requirements for similar fuel also emphasize the importance of safeguards in spent fuel management. Electrometallurgical treatment would be acceptable for both fuel types. Meeting the known requirements for safeguards and security could potentially add more than $200M in cost to the packaging option for the EBR-II fuel.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
McFarlane, H. F. & Benedict, R. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Battery charging in float vs. cycling environments
In lead-acid battery systems, cycling systems are often managed using float management strategies. There are many differences in battery management strategies for a float environment and battery management strategies for a cycling environment. To complicate matters further, in many cycling environments, such as off-grid domestic power systems, there is usually not an available charging source capable of efficiently equalizing a lead-acid battery let alone bring it to a full state of charge. Typically, rules for battery management which have worked quite well in a floating environment have been routinely applied to cycling batteries without full appreciation of what the cycling battery really needs to reach a full state of charge and to maintain a high state of health. For example, charge target voltages for batteries that are regularly deep cycled in off-grid power sources are the same as voltages applied to stand-by systems following a discharge event. In other charging operations equalization charge requirements are frequently ignored or incorrectly applied in cycled systems which frequently leads to premature capacity loss. The cause of this serious problem: the application of float battery management strategies to cycling battery systems. This paper describes the outcomes to be expected when managing cycling batteries with …
Date:
April 20, 2000
Creator:
COREY,GARTH P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cullet Manufacture Using the Cylindrical Induction Melter
The base process for vitrification of the Am/Cm solution stored in F-canyon uses 25SrABS cullet as the glass former. A small portion of the cullet used in the SRTC development work was purchased from Corning while the majority was made in the 5 inch Cylindrical Induction Melter (CIM5). Task 1.01 of TTR-NMSS/SE-006, Additional Am-Cm Process Development Studies, requested that a process for the glass former (cullet) fabrication be specified. This report provides the process details for 25SrAB cullet production thereby satisfying Task 1.01.
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
Miller, D. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CAN FREE ELECTRON LASERS ANSWER CRITICAL QUESTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOBIOLOGY?
None
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
SUTHERLAND,J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A 2-D Pore-Network Model of the Drying of Single-Component Liquids in Porous Media
The drying of liquid-saturated porous media is typically approaching using macroscopic continuum models involving phenomenological coefficients. Insight on these coefficients can be obtained by a more fundamental study at the pore- and pore-network levels. In this report, a model based on pore-network representation of porous media that accounts for various process at the pore-scale is presented. These include mass transfer by advection and diffusion in the gas phase, viscous flow in liquid and gas phases and capillary effects at the gas-liquid menisci in the pore throats.
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
Yortsos, Yanic C.; Yiotis, A. G.; Stubos, A. K. & Boundovis, A. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal Fluctuations in the Structure of Naturally Chiral Pt Surfaces
The intrinsic chirality of metal surfaces with kinked steps (e.g. Pt(643)) endows them with enantiospecific adsorption properties (D. S. Shell, Langmuir, 14, 1998, 862). To understand these properties quantitatively the impact of thermally-driven step wandering must be assessed. The authors derive a lattice-gas model of step motion on Pt(111) surfaces using diffusion barriers from Density Functional Theory. This model is used to examine thermal fluctuations of straight and kinked steps.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Asthagiri, Aravind; Feibelman, Peter J. & Sholl, David S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Parton Distributions Working Group
This report summarizes the activities of the Parton Distributions Working Group of the QCD and Weak Boson Physics workshop held in preparation for Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron. The main focus of this working group was to investigate the different issues associated with the development of quantitative tools to estimate parton distribution functions uncertainties. In the conclusion, the authors introduce a Manifesto that describes an optimal method for reporting data.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
de Barbaro, L.; Keller, S. A.; Kuhlmann, S.; Schellman, H. & Tung, W.-K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Am/Cm TTR testing -- 3/8-inch glass beads evaluation in CIM5[Technical Task Request]
To facilitate the procurement and handling of the glass former for Am/Cm vitrification in the F-Canyon MPPF, 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch diameter glass beads were purchased from Corning for evaluation in the 5 inch Cylindrical Induction Melter (CIM5). Prior to evaluating the beads in the CIM5, tests were conducted in the Drain Tube Test Stand (DTTS) with 1/4 inch beads, 3/8 inch beads, and a 50/50 mixture to identify any process concerns. Results of the DTTS tests are summarized in Attachment 1. A somewhat larger volume expansion was experienced in all three DTTS runs as compared to a standard run using cullet. Further testing of the use of glass beads in the CIM5 was requested by the Design Authority as Task 1.02 of Technical Task Request 99-MNSS/SE-006. Since the Technical Task Plan was not yet approved, the completion of this task was conducted under an authorization request approved by the SRTC Laboratory Director, S. Wood. This request is included as Attachment 2.
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
Witt, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scalability and Performance of a Large Linux Cluster
In this paper the authors present performance results from several parallel benchmarks and applications on a 400-node Linux cluster at Sandia National Laboratories. They compare the results on the Linux cluster to performance obtained on a traditional distributed-memory massively parallel processing machine, the Intel TeraFLOPS. They discuss the characteristics of these machines that influence the performance results and identify the key components of the system software that they feel are important to allow for scalability of commodity-based PC clusters to hundreds and possibly thousands of processors.
Date:
January 20, 2000
Creator:
BRIGHTWELL,RONALD B. & PLIMPTON,STEVEN J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A quick guide to solar electricity
A small brochure about solar electricity for the general public to be handed out on Earth Day 2000.
Date:
March 20, 2000
Creator:
Poole, L.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tribological Properties of Self-assembled Monolayers on Au, SiOx and Si Surfaces
Using interracial force microscopy (IFM), the tribological properties of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Si surfaces produced by a new chemical strategy are investigated and compared to those of classical SAM systems, which include alkanethiols on Au and alkylsilanes on SiO{sub x}. The new SAM films are prepared by depositing n-alkyl chains with OH-terminations onto Cl-terminated Si substrates. The chemical nature of the actual lubricating molecules, n-dodecyl, is kept constant in all three thin film systems for direct comparison and similarities and differences in tribological properties are observed. The adhesion strength is virtually identical for all three systems; however, frictional properties differ due to differences in film packing. Differences in the chemical bonds that attach the lubricant molecules to the substrate are also discussed as they influence variations in film wear and durability. It is demonstrated that the new SAM films are capable of controlling the friction and adhesion of Si surfaces as well as the classical SAMs in addition to providing a greater potential to be more reproducible and more durable.
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Kim, Hyun I.; Boiadjiev, V.; Houston, Jack E.; Zhu, X. -Y & Kiely, J .D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library