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2000 Annual Progress Report for Fuels for Advanced CIDI Engines and Fuel Cells (open access)

2000 Annual Progress Report for Fuels for Advanced CIDI Engines and Fuel Cells

The Department of Energy's Office of Transportation Technologies Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 Annual Progress Report for the Fuels for Advanced CIDI Engines and Fuel Cells Program highlights progress achieved during FY 2000 and comprises 22 summaries of industry and National Laboratory projects that were conducted. The report provides an overview of the exciting work being conducted to tackle the tough technical challenges associated with developing clean burning fuels that will enable meeting the performance goals of the Emission Control R and D for Advanced CIDI Engines and the Transportation Fuel Cell Power Systems Programs. The summaries cover the effects of CIDI engine emissions and fuel cell power system performance, the effects of lubricants on engine emissions, the effects of fuel and consumed lubricants on exhaust emission control devices and the health and safety, materials compatibility, and economics of advanced petroleum-based fuels.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Chalk, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 101, No. 234, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 101, No. 234, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 109, No. 100, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000 (open access)

The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 109, No. 100, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Holton, Kathleen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 15, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 15, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money (open access)

Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money

As in the 105th Congress, many of the 106th Congress bills focus on political party soft money--subjecting contributions, expenditures, or transfers of national political parties to the limitations, prohibitions and reporting requirements of the FECA. Other bills would restrict corporate and labor union soft money. Another major reform proposal would subject certain types of advocacy communications to FECA regulation, either fully or just insofar as disclosure requirements.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Current directions in screening-level ecological risk assessments (open access)

Current directions in screening-level ecological risk assessments

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is a tool used by many regulatory agencies to evaluate the impact to ecological receptors from changes in environmental conditions. Widespread use of ERAs began with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund program to assess the ecological impact from hazardous chemicals released to the environment. Many state hazardous chemical regulatory agencies have adopted the use of ERAs, and several state regulatory agencies are evaluating the use of ERAs to assess ecological impacts from releases of petroleum and gas-related products. Typical ERAs are toxicologically-based, use conservative assumptions with respect to ecological receptor exposure duration and frequency, often require complex modeling of transport and exposure and are very labor intensive. In an effort to streamline the ERA process, efforts are currently underway to develop default soil screening levels, to identify ecological screening criteria for excluding sites from formal risk assessment, and to create risk-based corrective action worksheets. This should help reduce the time spent on ERAs, at least for some sites. Work is also underway to incorporate bioavailability and spatial considerations into ERAs. By evaluating the spatial nature of contaminant releases with respect to the spatial context of the ecosystem under consideration, more realistic ERAs with respect …
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Carlsen, T M & Efroymson, R A
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 242, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000 (open access)

Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 242, Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Decision Document for the Storm Water Outfalls/Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pesticide Rinse Area, Old Fire Fighting Training Pit, Illicit PCB Dump Site, and the Battery Acid Pit Fort Lewis, Washington (open access)

Decision Document for the Storm Water Outfalls/Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pesticide Rinse Area, Old Fire Fighting Training Pit, Illicit PCB Dump Site, and the Battery Acid Pit Fort Lewis, Washington

PNNL conducted independent site evaluations for four sites at Fort Lewis, Washington, to determine their suitability for closure on behalf of the installation. These sites were recommended for "No Further Action" by previous invesitgators and included the Storm Water Outfalls/Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant (IWTP), the Pesticide Rinse Area, the Old Fire Fighting Training Pit, and the Illicit PCB Dump Site.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Cantrell, Kirk J.; Liikala, Terry L.; Strenge, Dennis L. & Taira, Randal Y.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of a low-cost extruded scintillator with co-extruded reflector for the MINOS experiment (open access)

Development of a low-cost extruded scintillator with co-extruded reflector for the MINOS experiment

The MINOS experiment is a long-baseline, neutrino-oscillation experiment. In total, 28,000 m{sup 2} of scintillator is needed for the experiment. This is almost 300 tons of finished scintillator. The solution has been the development of an extruded scintillator with a 2-mm deep grove in the upper surface for a wavelength-shifting fiber and a co-extruded TiO{sub 2} coating as a reflector. The TiO{sub 2} coating also allows the scintillator to be directly epoxied into panels. Production and quality control techniques are presented.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: al., David F. Anderson et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Differences in Bulk Damage Probability Distributions Between Tripler and Z-Cuts of KDP and DKDP at 355 nm (open access)

Differences in Bulk Damage Probability Distributions Between Tripler and Z-Cuts of KDP and DKDP at 355 nm

Over the course of testing a substantial number of KDP and DKDP crystals from rapid and conventional growth processes, we have discovered that there is a consistent difference in the value of the damage resistance between z-cut and tripler, x-cut and y-cut crystals for a given test fluence. This increase in damage probability for tripler, x and y-cut crystals is consistent for both conventional and rapid growth KDP as well as DKDP. It also holds for unconditioned (S/1) and conditioned (R/l) tests and has values of 2.1 {+-} 0.6 and 1.5 {+-} 0.3 respectively. Testing has also revealed that there is no sensitivity to incident laser polarization. This is in direct contradiction to models based on simple, non-spherical absorbers. This result plus new information on the size and evolution of bulk damage density (see Runkel et al., this proceedings) has led to a reinterpretation of the growth parameter data for rapid growth NIF boules. It now appears that variations in impurity concentration throughout the boule do not affect the damage probability curve as dramatically as previously thought; although, this is still a topic of intensive investigation.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Runkel, M & Burnham, A K
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effect of Thermal Annealing and Second Harmonic Generation on Bulk Damage Performance of Rapid-Growth KDP Type I Doublers at 1064 nm (open access)

Effect of Thermal Annealing and Second Harmonic Generation on Bulk Damage Performance of Rapid-Growth KDP Type I Doublers at 1064 nm

This paper discusses the results of thermal annealing and in-situ second harmonic generation (SHG) damage tests performed on six rapid growth KDP type 1 doubler crystals at 1064 nm (1 {omega}) on the Zeus automated damage test facility. Unconditioned (S/1) and conditioned (R/1) damage probability tests were performed before and after thermal annealing, then with and without SHG on six doubler crystals from the NIF-size, rapid growth KDP boule F6. The tests revealed that unannealed, last-grown material from the boule in either prismatic or pyramidal sectors exhibited the highest damage curves. After thermal annealing at 160 C for seven days, the prismatic sector samples increased in performance ranging from 1.6 to 2.4X, while material from the pyramidal sector increased only modestly, ranging from 1.0 to 1.4X. Second harmonic generation decreased the damage fluence by an average of 20 percent for the S/1 tests and 40 percent for R/1 tests. Conversion efficiencies under test conditions were measured to be 20 to 30 percent and compared quite well to predicted behavior, as modeled by LLNL frequency conversion computer codes. The damage probabilities at the 1 {omega} NIF redline fluence (scaled to 10 ns via t{sup 0.5}) for S/1 tests for the unannealed …
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Runkel, M.; Maricle, S.; Torres, R.; Auerbach, J.; Floyd, R.; Hawley-Fedder, R. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Congressional Action, FY1989-FY2001 (open access)

Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Congressional Action, FY1989-FY2001

From FY1989 through FY2001 (to date), nineteen appropriations or farm disaster acts have provided $38 billion in emergency funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. Nearly $27 billion, or about 70 percent of the total amount, has been provided for FY1999-FY2001 alone. Since FY1989, the vast majority of the funds has been paid directly to farmers, primarily in the form of “market loss payments” (just under $17 billion, all since FY1999) to compensate for low farm commodity prices, and disaster payments($15.6 billion) paid to any producer who experienced a major crop loss caused by a natural disaster. The remaining $5.4 billion has funded a wide array of other USDA programs, including other forms of farm disaster assistance, farm loans, overseas food aid, food and nutrition programs, and rural development assistance.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Protection: New Approaches (open access)

Environmental Protection: New Approaches

This report summarizes briefly a number of "new approaches," grouped under the following categories: Information: Approaches to improve the quantity and quality of information to enhance the knowledge base underlying environ- mental decisions (e.g., risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis).Public Sector Processes: Approaches to restructure governmental processes for making environmental decisions (e.g., devolution). Incentives: Approaches that emphasize incentives as opposed to regulatory or financial penalties for achieving environmental ends. Approaches that rely on markets and common law for environmental decisions to the extent possible. Approaches to inculcate environmental values in public or private managerial decisions (e.g., sustainability).
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Blodgett, John E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, December 11, 2000

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Federal Railroad Safety Program and Reauthorization Issues (open access)

Federal Railroad Safety Program and Reauthorization Issues

This report details the Federal Railroad Safety Program, and includes information such as background, statistics, and legislative issues.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Rothburg, Paul F. & Williamson, John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fiji Islands Political Crisis: Background, Analysis, and Chronology (open access)

Fiji Islands Political Crisis: Background, Analysis, and Chronology

None
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Lum, Thomas
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) Tax Benefit for Exporting: WTO Issues and an Economic Analysis (open access)

The Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) Tax Benefit for Exporting: WTO Issues and an Economic Analysis

This report provides a brief overview of the U.S. international tax system, the mechanics of FSC’s partial tax exemption, and how FSC fits into the overall U.S. tax structure.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FPIX2: A radiation-hard pixel readout chip for BTeV (open access)

FPIX2: A radiation-hard pixel readout chip for BTeV

A radiation-hard pixel readout chip, FPIX2, is being developed at Fermilab for the recently approved BTeV experiment. Although designed for BTeV, this chip should also be appropriate for use by CDF and DZero. A short review of this development effort is presented. Particular attention is given to the circuit redesign which was made necessary by the decision to implement FPIX2 using a standard deep-submicron CMOS process rather than an explicitly radiation-hard CMOS technology, as originally planned. The results of initial tests of prototype 0.25{micro} CMOS devices are presented, as are plans for the balance of the development effort.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: al., David C. Christian et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program Semiannual Progress Report for April 2000 Through September 2000 (open access)

Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program Semiannual Progress Report for April 2000 Through September 2000

The purpose of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program is the development of materials: ceramics, intermetallics, metal alloys, and metal and ceramic coatings, to support the dieselization of class 1-3 trucks to realize a 35% fuel-economy improvement over current gasoline-fueled trucks and to support commercialization of fuel-flexible LE-55 low-emissions, high-efficiency diesel engines for class 7-8 trucks. The Office of Transportation Technologies, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies (OTT OHVT) has an active program to develop the technology for advantages LE-55 diesel engines with 55% efficiency and low emissions levels of 2.0 g/bhp-h NOx and 0.05 g/bhp-h particulates. The goal is also for the LE-55 engine to run on natural gas with efficiency approaching that of diesel fuel. The LE-55 program is being completed in FY 1997 and, after approximately 10 years of effort, has largely met the program goals of 55% efficiency and low emissions. However, the commercialization of the LE-55 technology requires more durable materials than those that have been used to demonstrate the goals. Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials will, in concert with the heavy duty diesel engine companies, develop the durable materials required to commercialize the LE-55 technologies. OTT OHVT also recognizes a significant opportunity for reduction …
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Johnson, D. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Sensitivity Measurement of Implanted as in the Presence of Ge in Ge(x)Si(1-x)/Si Layered Alloys Using Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (open access)

High Sensitivity Measurement of Implanted as in the Presence of Ge in Ge(x)Si(1-x)/Si Layered Alloys Using Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

This article discusses high sensitivity measurement of implanted As in the presence of Ge in Ge(x)Si(1-x)/Si layered alloys using trace element accelerator mass spectrometry.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Datar, Sameer A.; Wu, Liying; Guo, Baonian N.; Nigam, Mohit; Necsoiu, Daniela; Zhai, Y. J. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
IMPACT, a Coupled Tropospheric/Stratospheric Chemistry Model: Analysis and Comparison of Results to Observations (open access)

IMPACT, a Coupled Tropospheric/Stratospheric Chemistry Model: Analysis and Comparison of Results to Observations

We have conducted multi-year simulations describing the distributions of important chemical species in both the troposphere and stratosphere using the LLNL IMPACT atmospheric chemistry model. Simulations have been completed using input meteorological data from both a general circulation model (NCAR MACCM3, Middle Atmospheric Community Climate Model Version 3) and analyzed fields (NASA Data Assimilation Office, STRATF product). IMPACT includes modules describing tropospheric and stratospheric processes and emissions to determine species distributions from the surface to approximately 70 kilometers in altitude. We compare results of these simulations with both long term and short term observational data including surface measurements, vertical profiles and others. We contrast the model's ability to simulate important photochemical cycles (CO/CH4/NMHC/NOx/OH/O3, etc) using both input meteorological datasets. In addition, IMPACT simulations driven with analyzed data are compared to ground based and aircraft campaigns.
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Rotman, D.; Atherton, C.; Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.; Chuang, C.; Connell, P. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laser conditioning characterization and damage threshold prediction of hafnia/silica multilayer mirrors by photothermal microscopy (open access)

Laser conditioning characterization and damage threshold prediction of hafnia/silica multilayer mirrors by photothermal microscopy

Laser conditioning has been shown to improve the laser damage threshold of some optical coatings by greater than 2x. Debate continues within the damage community regarding laser-conditioning mechanisms, but it is clear that nodular ejection is one of the byproducts of the laser conditioning process. To better understand why laser conditioning is so effective, photothermal microscopy was used to measure absorption of coating defects before and after laser exposure. Although a modest absorption reduction was expected due to the lower electric field peaks within a pit and the absence of potentially absorbing nodular seeds, surprisingly, absorption reductions up to 150x were observed. Photothermal microscopy has also been successfully used to correlate laser-induced damage threshold and absorption of defects in hafnia/silica multilayer optical coatings. Defects with high absorption, as indicated by high photothermal signal, have low damage thresholds. Previously a linear correlation of damage threshold and defect photothermal signal was established with films designed and damage tested at 1{omega} (1053 nm) and Brewster's angle (56.4{sup o}), but characterized by photothermal microscopy at 514.5 nm and near-normal angle of incidence (10{sup o}). In this study coatings designed, characterized by photothermal microscopy, and damage tested at the same wavelength, incident angle, and polarization …
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Papandrew, A B; Stolz, C J; Wu, Z L; Loomis, G E & Falabella, S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Like-sign dilepton search for chargino-neutralino production at CDF (open access)

Like-sign dilepton search for chargino-neutralino production at CDF

None
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Matthew Worcester, Jane Nachtman and David Saltzberg
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT (open access)

NATURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

The purpose of this report is to summarize the scientific work that was performed to evaluate and assess the occurrence and economic potential of natural resources within the geologic setting of the Yucca Mountain area. The extent of the regional areas of investigation for each commodity differs and those areas are described in more detail in the major subsections of this report. Natural resource assessments have focused on an area defined as the ''conceptual controlled area'' because of the requirements contained in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulation, 10 CFR Part 60, to define long-term boundaries for potential radionuclide releases. New requirements (proposed 10 CFR Part 63 [Dyer 1999]) have obviated the need for defining such an area. However, for the purposes of this report, the area being discussed, in most cases, is the previously defined ''conceptual controlled area'', now renamed the ''natural resources site study area'' for this report (shown on Figure 1). Resource potential can be difficult to assess because it is dependent upon many factors, including economics (demand, supply, cost), the potential discovery of new uses for resources, or the potential discovery of synthetics to replace natural resource use. The evaluations summarized are based on present-day use …
Date: December 11, 2000
Creator: Fenster, D.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library