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Final Report: Programming Models for Shared Memory Clusters
Most large parallel computers now built use a hybrid architecture called a shared memory cluster. In this design, a computer consists of several nodes connected by an interconnection network. Each node contains a pool of memory and multiple processors that share direct access to it. Because shared memory clusters combine architectural features of shared memory computers and distributed memory computers, they support several different styles of parallel programming or programming models. (Further information on the design of these systems and their programming models appears in Section 2.) The purpose of this project was to investigate the programming models available on these systems and to answer three questions: (1) How easy to use are the different programming models in real applications? (2) How do the hardware and system software on different computers affect the performance of these programming models? (3) What are the performance characteristics of different programming models for typical LLNL applications on various shared memory clusters?
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
May, J.; de Supinski, B.; Pudliner, B.; Taylor, S. & Baden, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 70, No. 1, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 4, 2000
Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Bishop, Karen
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
High efficiency thin film CdTe and a-Si based solar cells
This report describes work done by the University of Toledo during the first year of this subcontract. During this time, the CdTe group constructed a second dual magnetron sputter deposition facility; optimized reactive sputtering for ZnTe:N films to achieve 10 ohm-cm resistivity and {approximately}9% efficiency cells with a copper-free ZnTe:N/Ni contact; identified Cu-related photoluminescence features and studied their correlation with cell performance including their dependence on temperature and E-fields; studied band-tail absorption in CdS{sub x}Te{sub 1{minus}x} films at 10 K and 300 K; collaborated with the National CdTe PV Team on (1) studies of high-resistivity tin oxide (HRT) layers from ITN Energy Systems, (2) fabrication of cells on the HRT layers with 0, 300, and 800-nm CdS, and (3) preparation of ZnTe:N-based contacts on First Solar materials for stress testing; and collaborated with Brooklyn College for ellipsometry studies of CdS{sub x}Te{sub 1{minus}x} alloy films, and with the University of Buffalo/Brookhaven NSLS for synchrotron X-ray fluorescence studies of interdiffusion in CdS/CdTe bilayers. The a-Si group established a baseline for fabricating a-Si-based solar cells with single, tandem, and triple-junction structures; fabricated a-Si/a-SiGe/a-SiGe triple-junction solar cells with an initial efficiency of 9.7% during the second quarter, and 10.6% during the fourth quarter (after …
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Compaan, A. D.; Deng, X. & Bohn, R. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Implementing agreement on a co-operative program on inertial fusion energy
The Programme to be carried out by the Contracting Parties within the framework of this Agreement shall consist of co-operative research, development, demonstrations and exchanges of information regarding inertial fusion energy (IFE). This shall include: (1) Nuclear Technology, (2) Fusion Materials, (3) Environment, Safety and Economics, (4) Laser Drivers, (5) Ion Beam Drivers and Beam/Plasma Interactions, (6) Target Production, Injection and Tracking, (7) Fusion Diagnostics, (8) Driver/Plasma Interactions, (9) Fast Ignition and (10) Power Plant Design Studies. Annexes to this agreement will describe specific tasks in each area.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Latkowski, J; Hogan, W & Meier, W
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Initial Evidence for Self-Organized Criticality in Electric Power System Blackouts
We examine correlations in a time series of electric power system blackout sizes using scaled window variance analysis and R/S statistics. The data shows some evidence of long time correlations and has Hurst exponent near 0.7. Large blackouts tend to correlate with further large blackouts after a long time interval. Similar effects are also observed in many other complex systems exhibiting self-organized criticality. We discuss this initial evidence and possible explanations for self-organized criticality in power systems blackouts. Self-organized criticality, if fully confirmed in power systems, would suggest new approaches to understanding and possibly controlling blackouts.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Carreras, B. A.; Dobson, I.; Newman, D. E. & Poole, A. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion trapping and separation using potential wells
A new mode of operation for an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) has been demonstrated that uses potential wells to trap and separate ions by their mobility. This mode of operation has been made feasible by the improvements in personal computers that now allow real-time control of the potentials on ring electrodes in the IMS drift tube. This mode of operation does not require a shutter grid and allows the accumulation of ions in the potential well to enhance the ion signal. Loss of ions from the potential well is controlled by the radial electric fields required by Gauss's law.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Butler, M. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Police Chief Retirement]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
NBC 5 (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oxidative mineralization and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol for compatibility with tank farm processing chemistry
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material has been evaluated for use as a cost-effective substitute for conventional cellulose-based disposal materials (decontamination mops and wipes), plastic bags, and disposable personal protection clothing, that are currently used at Savannah River Site. This study also provides process design criteria for ultraviolet/ultrasonic/hydrogen peroxide PVA reactor system.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Oji, L.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 107, No. 2, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 4, 2000
Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Brown, Gloria
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Plutonium Immobilization Project -- Robotic canister loading
The Plutonium Immobilization Program (PIP) is a joint venture between the Savannah River Site (SRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). When operational in 2008, the PIP will fulfill the nation's nonproliferation commitment by placing surplus weapons-grade plutonium in a permanently stable ceramic form and making it unattractive for reuse. Since there are significant radiation and security concerns, the program team is developing novel and unique technology to remotely perform plutonium immobilization tasks. The remote task covered in this paper employs a jointed arm robot to load seven 3.5 inch diameter, 135-pound cylinders (magazines) through the 4 inch diameter neck of a stainless steel canister. Working through the narrow canister neck, the robot secures the magazines into a specially designed rack pre-installed in the canister. To provide the deterrent effect, the canisters are filled with a mixture of high-level waste and glass at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF).
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Hamilton, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precipitation Results for AN-102: A Statistically Designed Approach to Evaluate Filterability and Sr/TRU Decontamination
The work reported in this document is a series of statistically designed tests to examine the relationship between the four responses of interest and five precipitation parameters affiliated with the new precipitation scheme. The four responses are precipitate filterability, strontium decontamination, americium decontamination, and plutonium decontamination. The precipitation parameters were the initial sodium concentration of the waste, the initial hydroxide level of the waste, and the amounts of calcium, strontium, and permanganate introduced. Experiments were also performed to evaluate the impact of other process parameters such as temperature, timing of permanganate addition, and presence of entrained solids on the proposed precipitation scheme. The objective of these experiments was to determine the primary variables that influence filterability, Sr-90 decontamination, and TRU decontamination using actual 241-AN-102 waste.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Rosencrance, S. W.; Dewberry, R. A.; DiPrete, D. P.; Edwards, T. B.; Emory, S. J.; Nash, C. A. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary siting characterization Salt Disposition Facility - Site B
A siting and reconnaissance geotechnical program has been completed in S-Area at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. This program investigated the subsurface conditions for the area known as ``Salt Disposition Facility (SDF), Site B'' located northeast of H-Area and within the S-Area. Data acquired from the Site B investigation includes both field exploration and laboratory test data.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Wyatt, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Properties of low residual stress silicon oxynitrides used as a sacrificial layer
Low residual stress silicon oxynitride thin films are investigated for use as a replacement for silicon dioxide (SiO{sub 2}) as sacrificial layer in surface micromachined microelectrical-mechanical systems (MEMS). It is observed that the level of residual stress in oxynitrides is a function of the nitrogen content in the film. MEMS film stacks are prepared using both SiO{sub 2} and oxynitride sacrificial layers. Wafer bow measurements indicate that wafers processed with oxynitride release layers are significantly flatter. Polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) cantilevers fabricated under the same conditions are observed to be flatter when processed with oxynitride rather than SiO{sub 2} sacrificial layers. These results are attributed to the lower post-processing residual stress of oxynitride compared to SiO{sub 2} and reduced thermal mismatch to poly-Si.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Habermehl, S. D.; Glenzinski, A. K.; Halliburton, W. M. & Sniegowski, J. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 112, No. 29, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 4, 2000
Weekly newspaper from Emory, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Hill, Earl Clyde, Jr.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Sapulpa Daily Herald (Sapulpa, Okla.), Vol. 84, No. 96, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 4, 2000
Daily newspaper from Sapulpa, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Savannah River Site generic data base development
This report describes the results of a project to improve the generic component failure database for the Savannah River Site (SRS). Additionally, guidelines were developed further for more advanced applications of database values. A representative list of components and failure modes for SRS risk models was generated by reviewing existing safety analyses and component failure data bases and from suggestions from SRS safety analysts. Then sources of data or failure rate estimates were identified and reviewed for applicability. A major source of information was the Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability, or NUCLARR. This source includes an extensive collection of failure data and failure rate estimates for commercial nuclear power plants. A recent Idaho National Engineering Laboratory report on failure data from the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant was also reviewed. From these and other recent sources, failure data and failure rate estimates were collected for the components and failure modes of interest. For each component failure mode, this information was aggregated to obtain a recommended generic failure rate distribution (mean and error factor based on a lognormal distribution). Results are presented in a table in this report. A major difference between generic database and previous efforts is that this …
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Blanchard , A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Selective W for coating and releasing MEMS devices
Two major problems associated with Si-based MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) devices are stiction and wear. Surface modifications are needed to reduce both adhesion and friction in micromechanical structures to solve these problems. In this paper, the authors will present a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process that selectively coats MEMS devices with tungsten and significantly enhances device durability. Tungsten CVD is used in the integrated-circuit industry, which makes this approach manufacturable. This selective deposition process results in a very conformal coating and can potentially address both stiction and wear problems confronting MEMS processing. The selective deposition of tungsten is accomplished through the silicon reduction of WF{sub 6}. The self-limiting nature of this selective W deposition process ensures the consistency necessary for process control. The tungsten is deposited after the removal of the sacrificial oxides to minimize stress and process integration problems. Tungsten coating adheres well and is hard and conducting, requirements for device performance. Furthermore, since the deposited tungsten infiltrates under adhered silicon parts and the volume of W deposited is less than the amount of Si consumed, it appears to be possible to release stuck parts that are contacted over small areas such as dimples. The wear resistance of selectively coated …
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Mani, S. S.; Fleming, J. G.; Sniegowski, J. J.; de Boer, M. P.; Irwin, L. W.; Walraven, J. A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Single-step assembly of complex 3-D microstructures
This paper describes three-dimensional microstructures fabricated in a planar process and assembled in a single step. Multiple plates are constrained by hinges in such a way as to reduce the assembly process to a single degree-of-freedom of motion. Serial microassembly of these structures is simpler; moreover, self-assembly using hydrodynamic forces during release is much more feasible than with earlier, multiple degree-of-freedom hinged structures. A 250-{micro}m corner cube reflector, a 6-sided closed box, and a 3-D model of the Berkeley Campanile clock tower have been demonstrated in the 4-level polysilicon SUMMiT MEMS foundry.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Hui, Elliot E.; Howe, Roger T. & Rodgers, M. Steven
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Statistical process control (SPC) for coordinate measurement machines
The application of process capability analysis, using designed experiments, and gage capability studies as they apply to coordinate measurement machine (CMM) uncertainty analysis and control will be demonstrated. The use of control standards in designed experiments, and the use of range charts and moving range charts to separate measurement error into it's discrete components will be discussed. The method used to monitor and analyze the components of repeatability and reproducibility will be presented with specific emphasis on how to use control charts to determine and monitor CMM performance and capability, and stay within your uncertainty assumptions.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Escher, R. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TEM characterization of corrosion products formed on a SS-15ZR alloy.
The corrosion products formed on a stainless steel-15Zr (SS-15Zr) alloy have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Examination of alloy particles that were immersed in 90 C deionized water for two years revealed that different corrosion products were formed on the stainless steel and intermetallic phases. Two corrosion products were identified on an austenite particle: trevorite (NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) in the layer close to the metal and maghemite (Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}) in the outer layer. The corrosion layer formed on the intermetallic was uniform, adherent, and amorphous. The EDS analysis indicated that the layer was enriched in zirconium when compared with the intermetallic composition. High-resolution TEM images of the intermetallic-corrosion layer interface show an interlocking metal-oxide interface which may explain the relatively strong adherence of the corrosion layer to the intermetallic surface. These results will be used to evaluate corrosion mechanisms and predict long-term corrosion behavior of the alloy waste form.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Luo, J. S. & Abraham, D. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Twenty-five Largest Mergers and Acquisitions by Corporations: 1998
None
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Why semiconductors must be hardened when used in space
The natural space radiation environment presents a great challenge to present and future satellite systems with significant assets in space. Defining requirements for such systems demands knowledge about the space radiation environment and its effects on electronics and optoelectronics technologies, as well as suitable risk assessment of the uncertainties involved. For mission of high radiation levels, radiation-hardened integrated circuits will be required to preform critical mission functions. The most successful systems in space will be those that are best able to blend standard commercial electronics with custom radiation-hardened electronics in a mix that is suitable for the system of interest.
Date:
January 4, 2000
Creator:
Winokur, P. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library