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Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture (open access)

Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture

None
Date: December 20, 2000
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
System: The UNT Digital Library
Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases (open access)

Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases

This report details the constitutional standards that currently apply to indirect aid programs and summarizes all of the pertinent state and federal court decisions, including the Ohio case that will be heard by the Supreme Court. On September 25, 2001, the Supreme Court agreed to review a case raising the controversial issue of the constitutionality of education vouchers. In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris the Sixth Circuit held Ohio’s Pilot Scholarship Program, which provided up to $2500 to help low-income students in Cleveland’s public schools attend private schools in the city, to violate the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment.
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Ackerman, David M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Ban on Hormone-Treated Meat (open access)

The European Union's Ban on Hormone-Treated Meat

The European Union (EU) continues to ban imports of meat derived from animals treated with growth hormones despite rulings by World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement panels that the banis inconsistent with the Uruguay Round Agreement on health and safety measures used to restrict imports (the Sanitary and Phytosanitary or SPS Agreement). U.S. retaliation, authorized by the WTO, in the form of 100% duties on $116 million of EU agricultural products remains in effect while negotiations to resolve the dispute continue. Thus far, EU offers of compensation (trade concessions) for lost U.S. meat exports in lieu of lifting the ban have been rejected by the United States.
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Policy: Key Issues in the 107th Congress (open access)

Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Policy: Key Issues in the 107th Congress

Among the 107th Congress' first orders of business will be dealing with the initiatives-both domestic and foreign policy-proposed by President Bush throughout his presidential campaign. This report contains information on those orders of business including U.S. foreign and security policy, global issues, defense policy, and more.
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey & Epstein, Susan B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geologic Framework Model Analysis Model Report (open access)

Geologic Framework Model Analysis Model Report

The purpose of this report is to document the Geologic Framework Model (GFM), Version 3.1 (GFM3.1) with regard to data input, modeling methods, assumptions, uncertainties, limitations, and validation of the model results, qualification status of the model, and the differences between Version 3.1 and previous versions. The GFM represents a three-dimensional interpretation of the stratigraphy and structural features of the location of the potential Yucca Mountain radioactive waste repository. The GFM encompasses an area of 65 square miles (170 square kilometers) and a volume of 185 cubic miles (771 cubic kilometers). The boundaries of the GFM were chosen to encompass the most widely distributed set of exploratory boreholes (the Water Table or WT series) and to provide a geologic framework over the area of interest for hydrologic flow and radionuclide transport modeling through the unsaturated zone (UZ). The depth of the model is constrained by the inferred depth of the Tertiary-Paleozoic unconformity. The GFM was constructed from geologic map and borehole data. Additional information from measured stratigraphy sections, gravity profiles, and seismic profiles was also considered. This interim change notice (ICN) was prepared in accordance with the Technical Work Plan for the Integrated Site Model Process Model Report Revision 01 …
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Clayton, R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mental Health: Community-Based Care Increases for People With Serious Mental Illness (open access)

Mental Health: Community-Based Care Increases for People With Serious Mental Illness

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Between 1987 and 1997, the growth in mental health spending in the United States roughly paralleled the growth in overall health care spending. However, federal mental health spending grew at more than twice the rate of state and local spending. This led to the federal government's share surpassing that of state and local governments, while the share attributable to private sources declined slightly. The ability to care for more people in the community has been facilitated by the continued development of new medications that have fewer side effects and are more effective in helping people manage their illness. Furthermore, treatment approaches, such as assertive community treatment, supported employment, and supportive housing, provide the ongoing assistance that adults with serious mental illness (SMI) often need to function in the community. The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has encouraged the use of community-based services for Medicaid beneficiaries with SMI by disseminating information on the use of new medications and treatment models, which can help people function better in the community. HCFA also supports states' use of Medicaid managed health care services. However, incentives associated with capitated payment can …
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Technetium from Hanford Waste Using SuperLig 639 Resin (open access)

Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Technetium from Hanford Waste Using SuperLig 639 Resin

A proposed facility is being designed for the immobilization of Hanford underground storage tank radioactive waste. The waste is pretreated to split it into Low Activity Waste (LAW) and High Level Waste (HLW) streams for separate vitrification. One unit process in the facility is designed to remove radioactive technetium by ion-exchange from a highly alkaline aqueous phase.
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Hamm, L.L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Summary of Testing of SuperLig 639 at the TFL Ion Exchange Facility (open access)

Summary of Testing of SuperLig 639 at the TFL Ion Exchange Facility

A pilot scale facility was designed and built in the Thermal Fluids Laboratory at the Savannah River Technology Center to test ion exchange resins for removing technetium and cesium from simulated Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW). The facility supports the design of the Hanford River Protection Project for BNFL, Inc. The pilot scale system mimics the full-length of the columns and the operational scenario of the planned ion exchange system. Purposes of the testing include confirmation of the design, evaluation of methods for process optimization and developing methods for waste volume minimization. This report documents the performance of the technetium removal resin.
Date: December 19, 2000
Creator: Steimke, J. L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Brookhaven National Laboratory Source Water Assessment for Drinking Water Supply Wells (open access)

Brookhaven National Laboratory Source Water Assessment for Drinking Water Supply Wells

The BNL water supply system meets all water quality standards and has sufficient pumping and storage capacity to meet current and anticipated future operational demands. Because BNL's water supply is drawn from the shallow Upper Glacial aquifer, BNL's source water is susceptible to contamination. The quality of the water supply is being protected through (1) a comprehensive program of engineered and operational controls of existing aquifer contamination and potential sources of new contamination, (2) groundwater monitoring, and (3) potable water treatment. The BNL Source Water Assessment found that the source water for BNL's Western Well Field (comprised of Supply Wells 4, 6, and 7) has relatively few threats of contamination and identified potential sources are already being carefully managed. The source water for BNL's Eastern Well Field (comprised of Supply Wells 10, 11, and 12) has a moderate number of threats to water quality, primarily from several existing volatile organic compound and tritium plumes. The g-2 Tritium Plume and portions of the Operable Unit III VOC plume fall within the delineated source water area for the Eastern Well Field. In addition, portions of the much slower migrating strontium-90 plumes associated with the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor, Waste Concentration Facility and …
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Bennett, D. B.; Paquette, D. E.; Klaus, K. & Dorsch, W. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELLS (open access)

BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELLS

The BNL water supply system meets all water quality standards and has sufficient pumping and storage capacity to meet current and anticipated future operational demands. Because BNL's water supply is drawn from the shallow Upper Glacial aquifer, BNL's source water is susceptible to contamination. The quality of the water supply is being protected through (1) a comprehensive program of engineered and operational controls of existing aquifer contamination and potential sources of new contamination, (2) groundwater monitoring, and (3) potable water treatment. The BNL Source Water Assessment found that the source water for BNL's Western Well Field (comprised of Supply Wells 4, 6, and 7) has relatively few threats of contamination and identified potential sources are already being carefully managed. The source water for BNL's Eastern Well Field (comprised of Supply Wells 10, 11, and 12) has a moderate number of threats to water quality, primarily from several existing volatile organic compound and tritium plumes. The g-2 Tritium Plume and portions of the Operable Unit III VOC plume fall within the delineated source water area for the Eastern Well Field. In addition, portions of the much slower migrating strontium-90 plumes associated with the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor, Waste Concentration Facility and …
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Bennett, D. B.; Paquette, D. E.; Klaus, K. & Dorsch, W. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Configuration Management Plan for Long Length Contaminated Equipment Receiver and Transport Trailers (open access)

Configuration Management Plan for Long Length Contaminated Equipment Receiver and Transport Trailers

Long Length Contaminated Equipment Removal System Receiver Trailers and Transport Trailers require identification and control for the design, requirements and operations baseline documents. This plan serves as those controls for the subject trailers.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: DALE, R.N.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Proposed New LLW Disposal Activity Disposal of Compacted Job Control Waste, Non-compactible, Non-incinerable Waste, And Other Wasteforms In Slit Trenches (open access)

Evaluation of Proposed New LLW Disposal Activity Disposal of Compacted Job Control Waste, Non-compactible, Non-incinerable Waste, And Other Wasteforms In Slit Trenches

Following issuance of the original document (i.e., rev. 0), it was decided to change the terminology for the calculated average concentrations derived from the inventory limit and the volumetric capacity of the unit. In the original document, the concentration values were termed ''limits''. This terminology proved problematic in managing the inventory limits through the deviation process. Thus, these values are now termed ''concentration guidelines''. Since the average concentration values presented in the UDQ serve no essential purpose, they were removed from the table. It was also decided to delete the table of materials acceptable for trench disposal (Table 2 of the original document). This table was only envisioned to be a listing of example materials. The intent of the PA, as well as the UDQ, is that any material, except for activated metal, meeting the trench WAC is acceptable.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: WILHITE, ELMERL.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Proposed New LLW Disposal Activity Disposal of LLW in an Engineered Trench rather than in Slit Trenches (open access)

Evaluation of Proposed New LLW Disposal Activity Disposal of LLW in an Engineered Trench rather than in Slit Trenches

Following issuance of the original document (i.e., rev. 0), it was discovered that an error was made in stating the dimensions and volume of the Engineered Trench and the incorrect volume was used in calculating the concentration limits (i.e. the inventory limit divided by the volumetric waste capacity of the unit) in the tables. The terminology of calling the average concentrations ''limits'' proved problematic in managing the inventory limits through the deviation process. Since the average concentration values presented serve no essential purpose (Waste Acceptance Criteria are derived from the inventory limits), they were removed from the tables. Also, the name of the disposal unit was changed from the MegaTrench to the Engineered Trench. For clarification, a statement was added that differences in dimensions of disposal units of less than about 10 percent are inconsequential from a PA perspective.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: WILHITE, ELMERL.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Export Controls: System for Controlling Exports of High Performance Computing Is Ineffective (open access)

Export Controls: System for Controlling Exports of High Performance Computing Is Ineffective

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The U.S. government controls the export of high performance computers to sensitive destinations on the basis of foreign policy and national security concerns. The current control system for high performance computers is ineffective because it focuses on controlling individual machines and cannot prevent countries of concern from linking or clustering many lower performance uncontrolled computers to collectively perform at higher levels than current export control allows. The current system uses the measure of millions of theoretical operations per second as a way to classify and control high power computers meant for export. However, this system, as well as three remedies suggested by the Department of Commerce, do not solve the problems posed by clustering."
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Report [Function of the Arabidopsis TIR1 gene in auxin response] (open access)

Final Report [Function of the Arabidopsis TIR1 gene in auxin response]

During this grant period substantial progress was made in the characterization of the TIR1 gene in Arabidopsis. Studies showed that the TIR1 protein is part of a protein complex that includes AtCUL1, ASK1 and RBX1. This complex, called SCF-TIR1, functions in the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. Our work is the first report of an SCF complex in a plant system. The results of our studies are described in more detail in the report together with a publication resulting from this study.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Estelle, Mark
System: The UNT Digital Library
Negative Ion Density Fronts (open access)

Negative Ion Density Fronts

Negative ions tend to stratify in electronegative plasmas with hot electrons (electron temperature Te much larger than ion temperature Ti, Te > Ti ). The boundary separating a plasma containing negative ions, and a plasma, without negative ions, is usually thin, so that the negative ion density falls rapidly to zero-forming a negative ion density front. We review theoretical, experimental and numerical results giving the spatio-temporal evolution of negative ion density fronts during plasma ignition, the steady state, and extinction (afterglow). During plasma ignition, negative ion fronts are the result of the break of smooth plasma density profiles during nonlinear convection. In a steady-state plasma, the fronts are boundary layers with steepening of ion density profiles due to nonlinear convection also. But during plasma extinction, the ion fronts are of a completely different nature. Negative ions diffuse freely in the plasma core (no convection), whereas the negative ion front propagates towards the chamber walls with a nearly constant velocity. The concept of fronts turns out to be very effective in analysis of plasma density profile evolution in strongly non-isothermal plasmas.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Kaganovich, Igor
System: The UNT Digital Library
On the Ideal Boundary Condition in a General Toroidal Geometry for a Mixed Magnetic Field Representation (open access)

On the Ideal Boundary Condition in a General Toroidal Geometry for a Mixed Magnetic Field Representation

Subtleties of implementing the standard perfectly conducting wall boundary condition in a general toroidal geometry are clarified for a mixed scalar magnetic field representation. An iterative scheme based on Ohm's law is given.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Tang, X. Z.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Origins of the Nevada Test Site (open access)

Origins of the Nevada Test Site

None
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Fehner, Terrence R. & Gosling, F. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Patent Law and Its Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Examination of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 ("The Hatch-Waxman Act") (open access)
Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future: Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies (open access)

Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future: Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies

This study estimates the potential for public policies and R and D programs to foster clean energy technology solutions to the energy and environmental challenges facing the nation. These challenges include global climate change, air pollution, oil dependence, and inefficiencies in the production and use of energy. The study uses a scenario-based approach to examine alternative portfolios of public policies and technologies. Although the report makes no policy recommendations, it does present policies that could lead to impressive advances in the development and deployment of clean energy technologies without significant net economic impacts.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: The Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies
System: The UNT Digital Library
Signal Propagation in Collisional Plasma with Negative Ions (open access)

Signal Propagation in Collisional Plasma with Negative Ions

The transport of charged species in collisional currentless plasmas is traditionally thought of as a diffusion-like process. In this paper, it is demonstrated that, in contrast to two-component plasma, containing electrons and positive ions, the transport of additional ions in multi-species plasmas is not governed by diffusion, rather described by nonlinear convection. As a particular example, plasmas with the presence of negative ions have been studied. The velocity of a small perturbation of negative ions was found analytically and validated by numerical simulation. As a result of nonlinear convection, initially smooth ion density profiles break and form strongly inhomogeneous shock-like fronts. These fronts are different from collisionless shocks and shocks in fully ionized plasma. The structure of the fronts has been found analytically and numerically.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Kaganovich, I.; Berezhnoi, S.V. & Shin, C.B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges (open access)

Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges

The U.S. Department of Energy plans to vitrify Hanford's underground storage tank wastes. The vitrified wastes will be divided into low-activity and high-level fractions. There is an effort to reduce the quantity of high-activity wastes by removing nonradioactive components because of the high costs involved in treating high-level waste. Pretreatment options, such as caustic leaching, to selectively remove nonradioactive components are being investigated. The effectiveness of these proposed processes for removing nonradioactive components depends on the chemical phases in the tank sludges. This review summarizes the chemical phases identified to date in Hanford tank sludges.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Rapko, Brian M. & Lumetta, Gregg J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges (open access)

Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges

The U.S. Department of Energy plans to vitrify Hanford's underground storage tank wastes. The vitrified wastes will be divided into low-activity and high-level fractions. There is an effort to reduce the quantity of high-activity wastes by removing nonradioactive components because of the high costs involved in treating high-level waste. Pretreatment options, such as caustic leaching, to selectively remove nonradioactive components are being investigated. The effectiveness of these proposed processes for removing nonradioactive components depends on the chemical phases in the tank sludges. This review summarizes the chemical phases identified to date in Hanford tank sludges.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Rapko, Brian M. & Lumetta, Gregg J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges (open access)

Status Report on Phase Identification in Hanford Tank Sludges

The US Department of Energy plans to vitrify Hanford's tank wastes. The vitrified wastes will be divided into low-activity and high-level fractions. There is an effort to reduce the quantity of high-activity wastes by removing nonradioactive components because of the high costs involved in treating high-level waste. Pretreatment options, such as caustic leaching, to selectively remove nonradioactive components are being investigated. The effectiveness of these proposed processes for removing nonradioactive components depends on the chemical phases in the tank sludges. This review summarizes the chemical phases identified to date in Hanford tank sludges.
Date: December 18, 2000
Creator: Rapko, B. M. & Lumetta, G. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library