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Extraction and Recovery of Mercury and Lead from Aqueous Waste Streams using Redox-Active Layered Materials
The goals of this program have been to develop a series of new compounds that act as redox recyclable heavy metal ion selective materials. This has been a preliminary exploration into the viability of creating materials that act as selective exchange media. We have historically been involved in the separation of ionic pollutants such as radionuclides or toxic heavy metal ions from water by designing extractants with high selectivities and large capacities. We have also recognized that there is a more urgent need to develop processes that allow the target pollutants to be recovered in a minimal volume of secondary waste and that allow the extractants to be reused or recycled. We have been studying redox active transition-metal-containing extractants that undergo reversible electron transfer activation and deactivation as the target ions are extracted and recovered or that undergo efficient, selective ion exchange.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Dorhout, P. K & Strauss, S. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[A Family on New Year's Eve]
Photograph of a family celebrating New Year's Eve in Dallas, Texas. The family stands in a group and smiles for a photograph. All four family members are wearing matching hats with the year 2000 on them.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Williams, Byrd M. (Byrd Moore), IV, 1951-
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report: High Spectral Resolution Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Studies with the ARM UAV
The active participation in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) science team that was anticipated in the grant proposal was indefinitely delayed after the first year due to a programmatic decision to exclude the high spectral resolution observations from the existing ARM UAV program. However, this report shows that substantial progress toward the science objectives of this grant have made with the help of separate funding from NASA and other agencies. In the four year grant period (including time extensions), a new high spectral resolution instrument has been flown and has successfully demonstrated the ability to obtain measurements of the type needed in the conduct of this grant. In the near term, the third water vapor intensive observing period (WVIOP-3) in October 2000 will provide an opportunity to bring the high spectral resolution observations of upwelling radiance into the ARM program to complement the downwelling radiance observations from the existing ARM AERI instruments. We look forward to a time when the ARM-UAV program is able to extend its scope to include the capability for making these high spectral resolution measurements from a UAV platform.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Revercomb, Henry E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Four Men on New Year's Eve]
Photograph of four men celebrating New Year's Eve together in Dallas, Texas. Three of the men are looking at the camera and smiling. All four men are wearing beads while only two of them are wearing hats that read "Happy New Year!"
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Williams, Byrd M. (Byrd Moore), IV, 1951-
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable. Annual reports for 1997, 1998, 1999
The Roundtable was created in 1984 to provide a unique forum for dialog among top government, university, and industry leaders of the national science and technology enterprise. The purpose is to facilitate personal working relationships and exchange of ideas regarding issues, problems, and promising opportunities that are facing those charged with developing and deploying science and technology resources. These annual reports begin by describing the purpose, structure, and mode of operation of the Roundtable. There follow sections devoted to the council activities, major projects, and follow-up planning, and the activities of the Roundtable working groups. Meeting agendas and publications lists are also included.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Temperature Condensed Phase Mass Spectrometric Analysis Program
This program (EMSP Project No.60424) was funded by the EM Science Program for the development of an integrated mass spectrometric analysis system (see Figure 1.) capable of analyzing materials from room up to high temperatures, with the practical upper temperature limit to be experimentally determined. A primary objective of the program was the development of techniques to analyze waste materials during vitrification processing to produce waste forms. The sample is heated in the ion formation region of the mass spectrometer. This instrument geometry allows the atoms and molecules that volatilize from the sample as neutrals to be ionized before they have a chance to condense on surfaces that generally are cooler that the sample. In addition, this geometry facilitates more efficient focusing of SIMS and thermal ions into the quadrupole mass analyzer. Instrumental capabilities include the detection of volatilizing neutral species by electron bombardment, ions forming on the surface by surface ionization, and surface species by static SIMS. In addition, the instrument has elemental analysis capability (by dynamic SIMS).
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Delmore, James E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Hopkins County Echo (Sulphur Springs, Tex.), Vol. 204, No. 52, Ed. 1 Friday, December 31, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Sulphur Springs, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Keys, Scott & Lamb, Bill
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Hydrologic and Geochemical Controls on the Transport of Radionuclides in Natural Undisturbed Arid Environments as Determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Measurements
This project developed low-level analytical methods for the measurement of radionuclides by accelerator mass spectrometry. The contaminant radionuclides potentially measurable by AMS include: 14C, 36Cl, 59Ni, 63Ni, 90Sr, 93Zr, 99Tc, 129I, 239Np, 239Pu, and other actinides. We chose to concentrate on 36Cl, 99Tc, 90Sr, and 129I. These nuclides were globally distributed as fallout during the era of atmospheric nuclear testing, and occur today in almost every environment. They also are prominent contaminant nuclides at a variety of DOE sites. There is a need to develop these low-level methods to observe the migration of radionuclides in natural environments. There are at least three advantages of this: (1) the ability to conduct migration studies in locations most like those of concern to public health, e.g., a ''far-field'' environment; (2) migration research does not have to be conducted at sites of multiple contamination, e.g., by VOC's, which can produce hard-to-interpret results; and (3) it becomes unnecessary to collect research samples that are themselves radioactive waste and are therefore difficult to handle and dispose of in the laboratory. Our approach of examining globally distributed, fallout radionuclides provides another advantage: (4) since the nuclides are globally distributed, migration research can be conducted in any chosen …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Nimz, Gregory J.; Caffee, Marc W. & McAninch, Jeffrey
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IMPROVED RISK ESTIMATES FOR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Carbon tetrachloride has been used extensively within the DOE nuclear weapons facilities. Rocky Flats was formerly the largest volume consumer of CCl4 in the United States using 5000 gallons in 1977 alone (Ripple, 1992). At the Hanford site, several hundred thousand gallons of CCl4 were discharged between 1955 and 1973 into underground cribs for storage. Levels of CCl4 in groundwater at highly contaminated sites at the Hanford facility have exceeded 8 the drinking water standard of 5 ppb by several orders of magnitude (Illman, 1993). High levels of CCl4 at these facilities represent a potential health hazard for workers conducting cleanup operations and for surrounding communities. The level of CCl4 cleanup required at these sites and associated costs are driven by current human health risk estimates, which assume that CCl4 is a genotoxic carcinogen. The overall purpose of these studies was to improve the scientific basis for assessing the health risk associated with human exposure to CCl4. Specific research objectives of this project were to: (1) compare the rates of CCl4 metabolism by rats, mice and hamsters in vivo and extrapolate those rates to man based on parallel studies on the metabolism of CCl4 by rat, mouse, hamster and human …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Benson, Janet M. & Springer, David L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IN SITU INFRARED STUDY OF CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO)
The growing concerns for the environment and increasingly stringent standards for NO emission have presented a major challenge to control NO emissions from electric utility plants and automobiles. Catalytic decomposition of NO is the most attractive approach for the control of NO emission for its simplicity. Successful development of an effective catalyst for NO decomposition will greatly decrease the equipment and operation cost of NO control. Due to lack of understanding of the mechanism of NO decomposition, efforts on the search of an effective catalyst have been unsuccessful. Scientific development of an effective catalyst requires fundamental understanding of the nature of active site, the rate-limiting step, and an approach to prolong the life of the catalyst. The authors have investigated the feasibility of two novel approaches for improving catalyst activity and resistance to sintering. The first approach is the use of silanation to stabilize metal crystallites and supports for Cu-ZSM-5 and promoted Pt catalysts; the second is utilization of oxygen spillover and desorption to enhance NO decomposition activity. The silanation approach failed to stabilize Cu-ZSM-5 activity under hydrothermal condition. Silanation blocked the oxygen migration and inhibited oxygen desorption. Oxygen spillover was found to be an effective approach for promoting NO …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interfacial Radiolysis Effects in Tank Waste Speciation
The purpose of this project was to develop an understanding of radiolysis in systems relevant to nuclear wastes stored in tanks at DOE sites such as Hanford, Savannah River, and Idaho. Since these wastes are highly heterogeneous systems, determining the effects of particulate matter on the radiolytic yields was the main focus of interest. When translated to site-specific concerns, quantitative modeling of these processes can be developed once the fundamental phenomena are understood. Interpretation of the results and conclusions to specific issues, especially safety concerns, at the sites was a major goal. The results were transferred to site operators as soon as the experimental observations were confirmed to be reliable.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Orlando, Thom M.; Meisel, Dan & Camaioni, Donald M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ionizing Radiation Induced Catalysis on Metal Oxide Particles
This project was conducted to determine if ionizing radiation could be used to catalytically destroy organics over semiconducting metal oxide particles. We focused primarily on the destruction of organic chelating agents, such as EDTA, which are known to hamper the separation of radionucleii (such as Sr or Am) from tank waste using current ion exchange methods. Our objective was to determine if ionizing radiation could be used to destroy the chelating capability of species such as EDTA, either by partially or completely decomposing the organic, in order to free radionucleii for efficient separation. Although a considerable amount of information is available in the open literature on the roles of visible/UV light in photocatalysis, little is known about the processes initiated by ionizing radiation. In this sense, the use of ionizing radiation is both novel, and may find an important niche in the pretreatment of mixed waste. An additional aim of the project was determine the mechanism(s) by which the radiocatalysis effect took place and compare it to what is know from visible and UV photocatalytic processes in the literature. The main outcome of this work is a more thorough evaluation of the use of ionizing radiation in the catalytic remediation …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Henderson, Michael A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO SIMULATE CO2 OCEAN DISPOSAL
This Final Technical Report summarizes the technical accomplishments of an investigation entitled ''Laboratory Experiments to Simulate CO{sub 2} Ocean Disposal'', funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's University Coal Research Program. This investigation responds to the possibility that restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions may be imposed in the future to comply with the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The primary objective of the investigation was to obtain experimental data that can be applied to assess the technical feasibility and environmental impacts of oceanic containment strategies to limit release of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) from coal and other fossil fuel combustion systems into the atmosphere. A number of critical technical uncertainties of ocean disposal of CO{sub 2} were addressed by performing laboratory experiments on liquid CO{sub 2} jet break-up into a dispersed droplet phase, and hydrate formation, under deep ocean conditions. Major accomplishments of this study included: (1) five jet instability regimes were identified that occur in sequence as liquid CO{sub 2} jet disintegration progresses from laminar instability to turbulent atomization; (2) linear regression to the data yielded relationships for the boundaries between the five instability regimes in dimensionless Ohnesorge Number, Oh, and jet Reynolds Number, Re, space; (3) droplet size …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Masutani, Stephen M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laboratory Royalty Use Program Annual Report to the Department of Energy
Brookhaven National Laboratory was established in 1947 on the site of the former Army Camp Upton. Brookhaven is a multidisciplinary Laboratory that carries out basic and applied research in the physical, biomedical and environmental sciences, and in selected energy technologies. Associated Universities, Inc. managed the Laboratory, under contract with the US Department of Energy until April 30, 1998. On March 1, 1998, Brookhaven Science Associates LLC (BSA) was awarded a contract by the US Department of Energy to manage the Laboratory. Brookhaven Science Associates has taken responsibility for all aspects of the existing Royalty Use Program from the prior contractor, AUI. This report is limited to FY 1998 activities of the Royalty Use Program that were funded by royalty income from prior fiscal years. Any FY 1998 royalty income allocated in FY 1998 shall be reported in the FY 1999 Royalty Use Program Report.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Ogeka, G. J. & Fox, K. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[A Man Celebrating New Year's Eve]
Photograph of a man celebrating New Year's Eve in Dallas, Texas. The man is looking directly at the camera as he stands amongst a crowd of people. He is wearing a coat and a hat that reads "Happy New Year 2000."
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Williams, Byrd M. (Byrd Moore), IV, 1951-
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mill-designed biobleaching technologies. Quarterly project report for the period ending December 30, 1999
None
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Ragauskas, A. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Monitoring the Durability Performance of Concrete in Nuclear Waste Containment. Second technical progress report
OAK-B135 Monitoring the Durability Performance of Concrete in Nuclear Waste Containment. Second technical progress report
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Ulm, Franz-Josef
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Montana Organization for Research in Energy (MORE) Final Report
MORE is a consortium of educational, governmental, and industrial partners in cooperation with the state's Tribal colleges. Formed in 1994, the objectives are to develop and promote energy-related research and education in the state of Montana and the Northwestern region. Specifically, they set out to: (1) promote collaboration and cooperation among Montana's Colleges and Universities; (2) maximize use of existing personnel and resources; (3) foster partnerships with industries, state agencies, and tribal nations; and (4) enhance energy research and training. The 1st Implementation Grant consisted of Management and Coordination, Human Outreach, and two Research Clusters Petroleum Reservoir Characterization and Wind Energy. Overall, they consider this program to have been highly successful. That conclusion was mirrored by the DOE site reviewers, and by invitations from Dr. Matesh Varma, the DOE/EPSCoR National Program Director, to present their programs and outcomes as models for other states the National DOE/EPSCoR meetings.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Bromenshenk, Jerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: '78 Ice Storm]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, covering an unknown news story. This b-roll footage includes archival footage of storm damage, storm cleanup, and children playing in the snow. This footage was broadcast at 11pm.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: New Years]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM NATURAL GAS
The objective of this project was to develop a membrane process for the denitrogenation of natural gas. Large proven reserves in the Lower-48 states cannot be produced because of the presence of nitrogen. To exploit these reserves, cost-effective, simple technology able to reduce the nitrogen content of the gas to 4-5% is required. Technology applicable to treatment of small gas streams (below 10 MMscfd) is particularly needed. In this project membranes that selectively permeate methane and reject nitrogen in the gas were developed. Preliminary calculations show that a membrane with a methane/nitrogen selectivity of 3 to 5 is required to make the process economically viable. A number of polymer materials likely to have the required selectivities were evaluated as composite membranes. Polyacetylenes such as poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP] and poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) [PMP] had high selectivities and fluxes, but membranes prepared from these polymers were not stable, showing decreasing flux and selectivity during tests lasting only a few hours. Parel, a poly(propylene oxide allyl glycidyl ether) had a selectivity of 3 at ambient temperatures and 4 or more at temperatures of {minus}20 C. However, Parel is no longer commercially available, and we were unable to find an equivalent material in the time available. Therefore, …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Lokhandwala, K. A.; Ringer, M. B.; Su, T. T.; He, Z.; Pinnau, I.; Wijmans, J. G. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Water Content in the Subsurface
This report contains the experimental, theoretical and numerical studies performed under Department of Energy (DOE) Agreement Number DE-FG07-96ER14732 entitled ''Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Imaging Subsurface Water.'' DOE and Department of Defense (DOD) complexes and test ranges are situated in widely varying climatic conditions from the desert southwest to the humid east. The mission of the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) is to clean up the inventory of inactive DOE sites and facilities, and the goal of the EM Office of Technology Development (OTD) is to deliver technologies to make environmental restoration more efficient and cost effective. In the western United States, where a number of DOE facilities are located, the water table can occur several hundred feet below the surface. The zone between surface and water table is called the vadose zone or unsaturated zone. A characteristic of that zone is that mobility of water and contaminants is greatly reduced compared to rate of movement in the saturated zone. A thick vadose zone lowers the risk and, at least, increases the time before contaminants enter drinking water supplies. The assessment of risk is often performed by modeling of ground water flow and contaminant migration by analytical …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Hendrickx, Jan M.H.; Yao, T. & Kearns, Anne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optimization of Thermochemical, Kinetic, and Electrochemical Factors Governing Partitioning of Radionuclides During Melt Decontamination of Radioactively Contaminated Stainless Steel
Metal waste generated from domestic nuclear operations for defense and commercial applications has led to a growing stockpile of radioactively contaminated scrap metal, much of which is stainless steel. This steel contains large quantities of strategic elements such as nickel and chromium and constitutes a valuable domestic resource [1]. A significant fraction of this material cannot be efficiently surface decontaminated, and burial of this material would be wasteful and expensive, since long term monitoring would be necessary in order to minimize environmental risk. Melt decontamination of this material would maintain the chemical pedigree of the stainless steel, allowing its controlled reuse within the nuclear community. This research addresses the melt decontamination of radioactively contaminated stainless steel by electroslag remelting (ESR). ESR is industrially used for the production of specialty steels and superalloys to remove a variety of contaminates and to improve metal chemistry. Correctly applied, it could maintain the specified chemistry and mechanical properties of the original material while capturing the radioactive transuranic elements in a stable slag phase. The ESR process also produces a high quality metal ingot free of porosity that can be directly forged or rolled into final shapes. The goal of this project was to optimize …
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
Van den Avyle, James A.; Melgaard, David; Molecke, Martin; Shelmidine, Greg J.; Pal, Uday & Bychkov, Sergie I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress in Reducing Aerodynamic Drag for Higher Efficiency of Heavy Duty Trucks (Class 7-8)
This paper describes research and development for reducing the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles by demonstrating new approaches for the numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic flow. In addition, greater use of newly developed computational tools holds promise for reducing the number of prototype tests, for cutting manufacturing costs, and for reducing overall time to market. Experimental verification and validation of new computational fluid dynamics methods are also an important part of this approach. Experiments on a model of an integrated tractor-trailer are underway at NASA Ames Research Center and the University of Southern California. Companion computer simulations are being performed by Sandia National Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and California Institute of Technology using state-of-the-art techniques, with the intention of implementing more complex methods in the future.
Date:
December 31, 1999
Creator:
McCallen, Rose; Couch, Richard; Hsu, Juliana; Browand, Fred; Hammache, Mustapha; Leonard, Anthony et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library