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A Coherent FMCW LIDAR Mapping System for Automated Tissue Debridment
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is developing a prototype 850-nm FMCW lidar system for mapping tissue damage in burn cases for the US Army Medical Research and Material Command. The laser system will provide a 3D-image map of the burn and surrounding area and provide tissue damage assessment.
Date:
June 28, 1999
Creator:
Allgood, Glenn O.; Hutchinson, Donald P. & Richards, Roger K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AISI/DOE Advanced Process Control Program Vol. 6 of 6: Temperature Measurement of Galvanneal Steel
This report describes the successful completion of the development of an accurate in-process measurement instrument for galvanneal steel surface temperatures. This achievement results from a joint research effort that is a part of the American Iron and Steel Institute's (AISI) Advanced Process Control Program, a collaboration between the U.S> Department of Energy and fifteen North American Steelmakers. This three-year project entitled ''Temperature Measurement of Galvanneal Steel'' uses phosphor thermography, and outgrowth of Uranium enrichment research at Oak Ridge facilities. Temperature is the controlling factor regarding the distribution of iron and zinc in the galvanneal strip coating, which in turn determines the desired product properties
Date:
June 30, 1999
Creator:
Allison, S. W.; Beshears, D. L. & Manges, W. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cosmic ray sun shadow in Soudan 2 underground muon flux.
The absorption of cosmic rays by the sun produces a shadow at the earth. The angular offset and broadening of the shadow are determined by the magnitude and structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IPMF) in the inner solar system. The authors report the first measurement of the solar cosmic ray shadow by detection of deep underground muon flux in observations made during the entire ten-year interval 1989 to 1998. The sun shadow varies significantly during this time, with a 3.3{sigma} shadow observed during the years 1995 to 1998.
Date:
June 23, 1999
Creator:
Allison, W. W. M.; Alner, G. J.; Ayres, D. S.; Barrett, W. L.; Bode, C.; Fields, T. H. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cygnus X-3 revisited: 10 years of muon and radio observations.
The Soudan 2 deep underground tracking calorimeter has recorded cosmic ray muon tracks from the direction of the galactic x-ray binary Cygnus X-3 on most transits during the interval 1989-1998. We analyze these events in the context of previous reports of Cygnus X-3-related muon flux during major radio flares of that source. We find some evidence for excess flux during a small number of transits coincident with major radio flares. We also find an indication that these events maybe distributed around the source with a Gaussian point spread function with {sigma} = 1.3{degree}, larger than the instrumental angular spread of < 0.3{degree}, verified by observation of the shadow of the moon.
Date:
June 23, 1999
Creator:
Allison, W. W. M.; Alner, G. J.; Ayres, D. S.; Barrett, W. L.; Bode, C.; Fields, T. H. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Observation of the moon shadow in deep underground muon flux.
A shadow of the moon, with a statistical significance of 5{sigma}, has been observed in the underground muon flux at a depth of 2090 mwe using the Soudan 2 detector. The angular resolution of the detector is well described by a Gaussian with {sigma} {le}0.3{degree}. The position of the shadow confirms the alignment of the detector to better than 0.15{degree}. This alignment has remained stable during 10 years of data taking from 1989 through 1998.
Date:
June 22, 1999
Creator:
Allison, W. W. M.; Alner, G. J.; Ayres, D. S.; Cobb, J. H.; Fields, T. H.; Goodman, M. C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique for the Assessment and monitoring of Leachates in the Vadose Zone
The objective of this study is to develop and field test a new, integrated Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique (HHGIT) for characterization of the vadose zone at contaminated sites. This new approach to site characterization and monitoring can provide detailed maps of hydrogeological heterogeneity and the extent of contamination by combining information from 3D electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and/or 2D cross borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) surveys, statistical information about heterogeneity and hydrologic processes, and sparse hydrologic data. Because the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the vadose zone (from the ERT and XBGPR measurements, respectively) can be correlated to the fluid saturation and/or contaminant concentration, the hydrologic and geophysical measurements are related.
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Alumbaugh, David L.; Yeh, Jim; LaBrecque, Doug & Glass, Robert J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique for the Assessment and Monitoring of Leachates in the Vadose Zone
The objective of this study is to develop and field test a new, integrated Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique (HHGIT) for characterization of the vadose zone at contaminated sites. This new approach to site characterization and monitoring can provide detailed maps of hydrogeological heterogeneity and the extent of contamination by combining information from 3D electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and/or 2D cross borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) surveys, statistical information about heterogeneity and hydrologic processes, and sparse hydrologic data. Because the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the vadose zone (from the ERT and XBGPR measurements, respectively) can be correlated to the fluid saturation and/or contaminant concentration, the hydrologic and geophysical measurements are related.
Date:
June 15, 1999
Creator:
Alumbaugh, David L.; Yeh, Jim; Labrecque, Doug; Glass, Robert J.; Brainard, James & Rautman, Chris
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytical methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in soils.
Improved methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride are described. These methods incorporate purge-and-trap concentration of heated dry samples, an improved methanol extraction procedure, and headspace sampling. The methods minimize sample pretreatment, accomplish solvent substitution, and save time. The methanol extraction and headspace sampling procedures improved the method detection limits and yielded better sensitivity, good recoveries, and good performance. Optimization parameters are shown. Results obtained with these techniques are compared for soil samples from contaminated sites.
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Alvarado, J. S.; Spokas, K. & Taylor, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a common data model for scientific simulations
The problem of sharing data among scientific simulation models is a difficult and persistent one. Computational scientists employ an enormous variety of discrete approximations in modeling physical processes on computers. Problems occur when models based on different representations are required to exchange data with one another, or with some other software package. Within the DOE`s Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), a cross-disciplinary group called the Data Models and Formats (DMF) group, has been working to develop a common data model. The current model is comprised of several layers of increasing semantic complexity. One of these layers is an abstract model based on set theory and topology called the fiber bundle kernel (FBK). This layer provides the flexibility needed to describe a wide range of mesh-approximated functions as well as other entities. This paper briefly describes the ASCI common data model, its mathematical basis, and ASCI prototype development. These prototypes include an object-oriented data management library developed at Los Alamos called the Common Data Model Library or CDMlib, the Vector Bundle API from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and the DMF API from Sandia National Laboratory.
Date:
June 1999
Creator:
Ambrosiano, J.; Butler, D. M.; Matarazzo, C.; Miller, M. & Schoof, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Three-Dimensional Position-Sensitive Geranium Detectors
A critical component of the DOE decontamination and decommissioning effort is the characterization of radioactively contaminated equipment and structures. Gamma-ray spectroscopy and imaging with germanium (Ge) based detectors are powerful techniques that allow for the quick and accurate in-situ identification, spatial mapping, and quantification of radioactive contaminants. However, the image resolution obtained with a Ge detector can be limited by the accuracy to which the gamma-ray interaction events are spatially detected within the detector itself. Our primary objective is to develop the technologies necessary to produce Ge gamma-ray detectors with enhanced accuracy in locating gamma-ray interaction events thereby resulting in improved image resolution. Our approach is to locate the gamma ray interaction events within the detector in all three dimensions rather than just two. Additionally, we will base the detectors on known and tested LBNL fabrication technologies and utilize the simplest possible detector geometries and signal-readout electrode structures in order to reduce the system complexity and difficulties in fabrication. The technologies developed as a result of this research will form the basis for the design and construction of future high-performance gamma-ray imaging systems. These instruments will greatly facilitate DOE's radioactive materials characterization process.
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Amman,Mark & Luke, Paul N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Isotope Production at the Hanford Site in Richland, Washington
This report was prepared in response to a request from the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee (NERAC) subcommittee on ''Long-Term Isotope Research and Production Plans.'' The NERAC subcommittee has asked for a reply to a number of questions regarding (1) ''How well does the Department of Energy (DOE) infrastructure sme the need for commercial and medical isotopes?'' and (2) ''What should be the long-term role of the federal government in providing commercial and medical isotopes?' Our report addresses the questions raised by the NERAC subcommittee, and especially the 10 issues that were raised under the first of the above questions (see Appendix). These issues are related to the isotope products offered by the DOE Isotope Production Sites, the capabilities and condition of the facilities used to produce these products, the management of the isotope production programs at DOE laboratories, and the customer service record of the DOE Isotope Production sites. An important component of our report is a description of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor at the Hbford Site and the future plans for its utilization as a source of radioisotopes needed by nuclear medicine physicians, by researchers, and by customers in the commercial sector. In response to …
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Ammoniums
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Approaches to rid cathodic arc plasmas of macro- andnanoparticles: A review
A major obstacle for the broad application of cathodic arc plasma deposition is the presence of micro- and nanoparticles in the plasma, also often referred to as 'macroparticles'. This paper reviews the formation of macroparticles at cathode spots, their interaction with the arc plasma and substrate, and macroparticle separation and removal from the plasma by various filtering methods. Nineteen variants of filters are discussed, including Aksenov's classic 90{sup o}-duct filter, filters of open architecture, and the concept of stroboscopic filtering.
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Anders, Andre
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cs, Sr, and Ba Sorption on Clays and Fe-Oxides
Technical guidance for performance assessment (PA) of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) sites is currently dependent upon experimental retardation factors (K{sub D}'s) to predict radionuclide transport. Accurate predictions of waste transport or retardation will require mechanistic models of radionuclide sorption so as to be applicable to a wide range of soil/groundwater environments. To that end, we have investigated Cs{sup +}, Sr{sup +}, and Ba{sup 2+} sorption on several clay and Fe-oxide minerals. Relative metal binding strengths for montmorillonite clay decrease from Ba{sup 2+} to Sr{sup +}, which is similar to that sorption trend noticed for kaolinite. Molecular dynamics simulations for kaolinite suggest that Cs{sup +} is sorbed at aluminol (010) edge sites as an inner-sphere complex and weakly sorbed as an outer-sphere complex on (001) basal surfaces. Sorption is thought to occur on similar sites for smectite clays, however, the basal plane residual charge and its increased basal plane exposure should have a greater influence on metal sorption. On the other hand, phase transformation kinetics (e.g., ferrihydrite to goethite) is a very important control of metal sorption and resorption for Fe-oxides/hydroxides. These results provide a basis for understanding and predicting metal sorption on complex soil minerals.
Date:
June 16, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, H. L.; Brady, P. V.; Cygan, R. T.; Gruenhagen, S. E.; Nagy, K. L. & Westrich, H. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasoline-fueled hybrid vs. conventional vehicle emissions and fuel economy.
This paper addresses the relative fuel economy and emissions behavior, both measured and modeled, of technically comparable, contemporary hybrid and conventional vehicles fueled by gasoline, in terms of different driving cycles. Criteria pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides) are discussed, and the potential emissions benefits of designing hybrids for grid connection are briefly considered. In 1997, Toyota estimated that their grid-independent hybrid vehicle would obtain twice the fuel economy of a comparable conventional vehicle on the Japan 10/15 mode driving cycle. This initial result, as well as the fuel economy level (66 mpg), made its way into the U.S. press. Criteria emissions amounting to one-tenth of Japanese standards were cited, and some have interpreted these results to suggest that the grid-independent hybrid can reduce criteria emissions in the U.S. more sharply than can a conventional gasoline vehicle. This paper shows that the potential of contemporary grid-independent hybrid vehicle technology for reducing emissions and fuel consumption under U.S. driving conditions is less than some have inferred. The importance (and difficulty) of doing test and model assessments with comparable driving cycles, comparable emissions control technology, and comparable performance capabilities is emphasized. Compared with comparable-technology conventional vehicles, grid-independent hybrids appear to have …
Date:
June 18, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, J.; Bharathan, D.; He, J.; Plotkin, S.; Santini, D. & Vyas, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Anisotropic Magnetism in Field-Structured Composites
Magnetic field-structured-composites (FSCs) are made by structuring magnetic particle suspensions in uniaxial or biaxial (e.g. rotating) magnetic fields, while polymerizing the suspending resin. A uniaxial field produces chain-like particle structures, and a biaxial field produces sheet-like particle structures. In either case, these anisotropic structures affect the measured magnetic hysteresis loops, with the magnetic remanence and susceptibility increased significantly along the axis of the structuring field, and decreased slightly orthogonal to the structuring field, relative to the unstructured particle composite. The coercivity is essentially unaffected by structuring. We present data for FSCs of magnetically soft particles, and demonstrate that the altered magnetism can be accounted for by considering the large local fields that occur in FSCs. FSCS of magnetically hard particles show unexpectedly large anisotropies in the remanence, and this is due to the local field effects in combination with the large crystalline anisotropy of this material.
Date:
June 24, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, Robert A.; Martin, James E.; Odinek, Judy & Venturini, Eugene
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Harnessing the power of the new SMP cluster architecture
In 1993, members of our team collaborated with Silicon Graphics to perform the first full-scale demonstration of the computational power of the SMP cluster supercomputer architecture. That demonstration involved the simulation of homogeneous, compressible turbulence on a uniform grid of a billion cells, using our PPM gas dynamics code. This computation was embarrassingly parallel, the ideal test case, and it achieved only 4.9 Gflop/s performance, slightly over half that achievable by this application on the most expensive supercomputers of that day. After four to five solid days of computation, when the prototype machine had to be dismantled, the simulation was only about 20% completed. Nevertheless, this computation gave us important new insights into compressible turbulence and also into a powerful new mode of cost-effective, commercially sustainable supercomputing [S]. In the intervening 6 years, the SMP cluster architecture has become a fundamental strategy for several large supercomputer centers in the US, including the DOE's ASCI centers at Los Alamos National Laboratory and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the NSF's center NCSA at the University of Illinois. This SMP cluster architecture now underlies product offerings at the high-end of performance from SGI, IBM, and HP, among others. Nevertheless, despite many …
Date:
June 16, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, S. E.; Cohen, R. H.; Curtis, B. C.; Dannevik, W. P.; Dimits, A. M.; Dinge, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) Data Management Guide for FEMIS Version 1.4.6
The Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) is an emergency management planning and response tool that was developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under the direction of the U.S. Army Chemical Biological Defense Command. The FEMIS System Administration Guide provides information necessary for the system administrator to maintain the FEMIS system. The FEMIS system is designed for a single Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) site that has multiple Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs). Each EOC has personal computers (PCs) that emergency planners and operations personnel use to do their jobs. These PCs are corrected via a local area network (LAN) to servers that provide EOC-wide services. Each EOC is interconnected to other EOCs via a Wide Area Network (WAN). Thus, FEMIS is an integrated software product that resides on client/server computer architecture. The main body of FEMIS software, referred to as the FEMIS Application Software, resides on the PC client(s) and is directly accessible to emergency management personnel. The remainder of the FEMIS software, referred to as the FEMIS Support Software, resides on the UNIX server. The Support Software provides the communication data distribution and notification functionality necessary to operate FEMIS in a networked, client/server environment.
Date:
June 29, 1999
Creator:
Angel, L. K.; Bower, J. C.; Burnett, R. A.; Downing, T. R.; Fangman, P. M.; Hoza, M. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data Management Guide for FEMIS Version 1.4.6
This FEMIS Data Management Guide provides the information needed to manage the data used to support the administrative, user-environment, database management, and operational capabilities of FEMIS.
Date:
June 24, 1999
Creator:
Angel, Linda K.; Bower, John C.; Burnett, Robert A.; Downing, Timothy R.; Fangman, Patricia M.; Hoza, Mark et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New VOF interface capturing and reconstruction algorithms
Several new methods are presented for the capturing and tracking of material boundary interfaces. All methods belong to the general Volume Of Fluid (VOF) approach, and vary from simple flow aligned algorithms to more complex geometric modeling. The performance of the different methods is evaluated by solving the advection equations for a variant of the canonical multi-fluid ''ball & jacks'' problem.
Date:
June 29, 1999
Creator:
Anninos, P
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A strength and damage model for rock under dynamic loading
A thermodynamically consistent strength and failure model for granite under dynamic loading has been developed and evaluated. The model agrees with static strength measurements and describes the effects of pressure hardening, bulking, porous compaction, porous dilation, tensile failure, and failure under compression due to distortional deformations. This paper briefly describes the model and the sensitivity of the simulated response to variations in the model parameters and in the inelastic deformation processes used in different simulations. 1D simulations of an underground explosion in granite are used in the sensitivity study.
Date:
June 14, 1999
Creator:
Antoun, T H; Glenn, L A; Lomov, I N & Vorobiev, O
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulations of an underground explosion in granite
This paper describes the results of a computational study performed to investigate the behavior of granite under shock wave loading conditions. A thermomechanically consistent constitutive model that includes the effects of bulking, yielding, material damage, and porous compaction on the material response was used in the simulations. The model parameters were determined based on experimental data, and the model was then used in a series of one-dimensional simulations of PILE DRIVER, a deeply-buried explosion in a granite formation at the Nevada Test Site. Particle velocity histories, peak velocity and peak displacement as a function of slant range, and the cavity radius obtained from the code simulations compared favorably with PILE DRIVER data.
Date:
June 14, 1999
Creator:
Antoun, T; Glenn, L A; Lomov, I N & Vorobiev, O Y
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Remote sensing of the atmosphere for environmental assessment and national security
The research performed this year marked the beginning of a collaboration between Howard University and LLNL to advance and apply remote sensing technology to a broad range of applications centered on probing the state of the atmosphere. Central to this research was the evolution of a telescope facility at Howard University into an atmospheric observatory and instrument development test-bed. Our work in applying laser technology to remote sensing helped lead to the development and subsequent patent application of a laser heterodyne amplifier and progress toward the development of a multi-wavelength laser probe to determine the range resolved size distribution of particulate matter and aerosols in the atmosphere. Work performed this year also helped us motivate further studies to understand atmospheric radiance and radiation transport in three-dimensions. Our involvement in these programs as supported by the LLNL Research Collaborations Program for Historically Black College s and Universities is reported here.
Date:
June 10, 1999
Creator:
Arens, J. F.; Davis, E.; Farah, A.; Molitoris, J. D. & Venable, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Black Eyed Susans
Photograph of Black Eyed Susans, in Central Oklahoma.
Date:
June 28, 1999
Creator:
Argo, Jim
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fort Washita
Photograph of a scene at Fort Washita.
Date:
June 28, 1999
Creator:
Argo, Jim
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History