Analysis of Hazardous Biological Materials by MALDI Mass Spectrometry

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Precise control of Ba{sub 1{minus}x}Sr{sub x}Ti0{sub 3} (BST) film composition is critical for the production of high-quality BST thin films. Specifically, it is known that nonstoichiometry greatly affects the electrical properties of BST film capacitors. The authors are investigating the composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships of polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron sputter-deposition using a single target with a Ba/Sr ratio of 50/50 and a (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio of 1.0. It was determined that the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of these BST films could be adjusted from 0.73 to 0.98 by changing the total (Ar+O{sub 2}) process pressure, while the O{sub 2}/Ar ratio did not strongly affect the metal ion composition. The crystalline quality as well as the measured dielectric constant, dielectric tunability, and electrical breakdown voltage of BST films have been found to be strongly dependent on the composition of the BST films, especially the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio. The authors discuss the impact of BST film composition control, through film deposition and process parameters, on the electrical properties of BST capacitors for high frequency devices.

This project deals with the demonstration of a coking process using proprietary technology of Calderon, with the following objectives geared to facilitate commercialization: (1) making coke of such quality as to be suitable for use in hard-driving, large blast furnaces; (2) providing proof that such a process is continuous and environmentally closed to prevent emissions; (3) demonstrating that high-coking-pressure (non-traditional) coal blends which cannot be safely charged into conventional by-product coke ovens can be used in the Calderon process; (4) conducting a blast furnace test to demonstrate the compatibility of the coke produced; and (5) demonstrating that coke can be produced economically, at a level competitive with coke imports. The activities of the past quarter continued to be focused on the following: Drafting of Contracts among the Stakeholders of the Team, Completion and Delivery of Proposal for Phase 2 Permitting and Environmental Work Engineering Progress Preparation of Final Report for Phase 1 DCAA Audit Funding for Phase 2.

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We have studied the quadrupole degree of freedom in a typical vibrational nucleus, {sup 100}Ru. From inelastic neutron scattering at the Van de Graaff accelerator of the University of Kentucky, lifetimes of states in {sup 100}Ru were determined. Absolute transition rates or limits thereon were extracted and compared to the theoretical description of this nucleus.

This Test Plan provides a test method to dedicate the leak detection relays used on the new Pumping and Instrumentation Control (PIC) skids. The new skids are fabricated on-site. The leak detection system is a safety class system per the Authorization Basis.

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the progress of the Department of Defense's (DOD) and Military Traffic Management Command's (MTMC) pilot program for the shipment of personal property, focusing on: (1) preliminary pilot results; (2) DOD's assessment of the industry proposal; and (3) MTMC's plan for assessing the pilot's results."

This report describes work done by Colorado State University (CSU) during Phase 1 of this subcontract. CSU researchers continued to make basic measurements on CI(G)S and CdTe solar cells fabricated at different labs, to quantitatively deduce the loss mechanisms in these cells, and to make appropriate comparisons that illuminate where progress is being made. Cells evaluated included the new record CIGS cell, CIS cells made with and without CdS, and those made by electrodeposition and electroless growth from solution. Work on the role of impurities focused on sodium in CIS. Cells with varying amounts of sodium added during CIS deposition were fabricated at NREL using four types of substrates. The best performance was achieved with 10{sup {minus}2}--10{sup {minus}1} at% sodium, and the relative merits of proposed mechanisms for the sodium effect were compared. Researchers also worked on the construction and testing of a fine-focused laser-beam apparatus to measure local variations in polycrystalline cell performance. A 1{micro}m spot was achieved, spatial reproducibility in one and two dimensions is less than 1 {micro}m, and photocurrent is reliably measured when the 1{micro}m spot is reduced as low as 1-sun in intensity. In elevated-temperature stress tests, typical CdTe cells held at 100 C under …

In the present paper, a brief overview of the electron diffraction, Brillouin scattering and molecular dynamics studies of radiation-induced amorphization of ordered intermetallic compounds is presented. In these studies, measured changes in the velocity of surface acoustic phonons, lattice constant, and the Bragg-Williams long-range order parameter induced by irradiation were compared with the results of computer simulations of defect-induced amorphization. The results indicate that progressive chemical disordering of the superlattice structure during irradiation is accompanied by an expansion of the lattice and a large change in sound velocity corresponding to a {approximately} 50% decrease in the average shear modulus. The onset of amorphization occurs when the average shear modulus of the crystalline compound becomes equal to that of the amorphous phase. This elastic softening criterion for the onset of amorphization and the dependence of the average shear modulus on the long-range-order parameter are in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. Both the experimental observations and computer simulations confirm the predictions of the generalized Lindemann melting criterion which stipulates that thermodynamic melting of a defective crystal occurs when the sum of the dynamic and static mean-square atomic displacements reaches a critical value identical to that for melting of the defect-free crystal. …

Trinoo and Tribe Flood Network (TFN) are new forms of denial of Service (DOS) attacks. attacks are designed to bring down a computer or network by overloading it with a large amount of network traffic using TCP, UDP, or ICMP. In the past, these attacks came from a single location and were easy to detect. Trinoo and TFN are distributed system intruder tools. These tools launch DoS attacks from multiple computer systems at a target system simultaneously. This makes the assault hard to detect and almost impossible to track to the original attacker. Because these attacks can be launched from hundreds of computers under the command of a single attacker, they are far more dangerous than any DoS attack launched from a single location. These distributed tools have only been seen on Solaris and Linux machines, but there is no reason why they could not be modified for UNIX machines. The target system can also be of any type because the attack is based on the TCP/IP architecture, not a flaw in any particular operating system (OS). CIAC considers the risks presented by these DoS tools to be high.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined the assets the Department of Defense (DOD) has contributed to reducing the illegal drug supply, focusing on: (1) DOD's plan for supporting U.S. counterdrug efforts and how DOD measures its effectiveness; (2) changes in the level of DOD support for counterdrug activities from fiscal year (FY) 1992 through FY 1999 and the reasons for the changes; and (3) obstacles DOD faces in providing counterdrug assistance to foreign governments."

This meeting of the decision making body of the WTO was expected to make decisions that would lead to another round of negotiations on a wide variety of trade rules and related issues. Although the United States continues to assert the necessity of pursuing the twin goals of free trade and environmental protection and to argue that these need not be in conflict, controversy remains over how the multilateral trading system should address the specifics of environmental issues.

This database is a compilation of existing geologic data from both the existing and new immobilized low-activity waste disposal sites for use in the 2001 Performance Assessment. Data were compiled from both surface and subsurface geologic sources. Large-scale surface geologic maps, previously published, cover the entire 200-East Area and the disposal sites. Subsurface information consists of drilling and geophysical logs from nearby boreholes and stored sediment samples. Numerous published geological reports are available that describe the subsurface geology of the area. Site-specific subsurface data are summarized in tables and profiles in this document. Uncertainty in data is mainly restricted to borehole information. Variations in sampling and drilling techniques present some correlation uncertainties across the sites. A greater degree of uncertainty exists on the new site because of restricted borehole coverage. There is some uncertainty to the location and orientation of elastic dikes across the sites.

A Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) of Yucca Mountain consists of integrated sub-models and analyses of natural and engineered systems. Examples of subsystem models include unsaturated-zone flow and transport, seepage into drifts, coupled thermal hydrologic processes, transport through the engineered barrier system, and saturated-zone flow and transport. The TSPA evaluates the interaction of important processes among these subsystems, and it determines the impact of these processes on the overall performance measures (e.g., dose rate to humans). This paper summarizes the evaluation, abstraction, and combination of these subsystem models in a TSPA calculation, and it provides background on the individual TSPA subsystem components that are most directly impacted by geotechnical issues. The potential impact that geologic features, events, and processes have on the overall performance is presented, and an evaluation of the sensitivity of TSPA calculations to these issues is also provided.

An independent evaluation was performed to assess the morphology, pressure drop characteristics, alpha spectroscopy characteristics, and collection efficiency of an air sampling filter media and two types of aerosol face masks provided from Chernobyl by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The evaluation included characterizing the filter morphology by scqg electron microscopy; measuring the filter pressure drop as a function of air flowrate; evaluating the spectroscopy characteristics of the filter for alpha-emitting radionuclides by sampling ambient radon progeny aerosols in an Eberline Alpha-6A alpha continuous air monitor; determining the particle collection efficiency of the filter media for 0.3 {micro}m aerodynamic diameter monodisperse particles at 1 and 2 cfm; and comparing the apparent construction, durability, and performance similarities of the filter media to other media commonly used for monitoring airborne alpha-emitting radionuclides.

Portions of the ATLAS accelerator have been operating now for over 21 years. The facility has accumulated several million resonator-hours of operation at this point and has demonstrated the long-term reliability of RF superconductivity. The overall operating performance of the ATLAS facility has established a level of beam quality, flexibility, and reliability not previously achieved with heavy-ion accelerator facilities. The actual operating experience and maintenance history of ATLAS are presented for ATLAS resonators and associated electronics systems. Solutions to problems that appeared in early operation as well as current problems needing further development are discussed.

Monte Carlo simulations of phosphate tetrahedron connectivity distributions in alkali and alkaline earth phosphate glasses are reported. By utilizing a discrete bond model, the distribution of next-nearest neighbor connectivities between phosphate polyhedron for random, alternating and clustering bonding scenarios was evaluated as a function of the relative bond energy difference. The simulated distributions are compared to experimentally observed connectivities reported for solid-state two-dimensional exchange and double-quantum NMR experiments of phosphate glasses. These Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the polyhedron connectivity is best described by a random distribution in lithium phosphate and calcium phosphate glasses.

This report describes work being performed to provide details of the microstructure in high-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon and related alloys on the nanometer scale. The materials under study are being prepared by state-of-the-art deposition methods, as well as by new and emerging deposition techniques. The purpose is to establish the role of nanostructural features in controlling opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties. The approach centers around the use of the uncommon technique of small-angle scattering of both X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS). SAXS has already been established as highly sensitive to microvoids and columnar-like microstructure. A major goal of this research is to establish the sensitivity of SANS to the hydrogen nanostructure. Conventional X-ray diffraction techniques are being used to examine medium-range order and microcrystallinity, particularly near the boundary between amorphous and microcrystalline material.

Lockheed Martin Hanford Company (LMHC) is designing and assessing the performance of disposal facilities to receive radioactive wastes that are currently stored in single- and double-shell tanks at the Hanford Site. The preferred method for disposing of the portion that is classified as immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) is to vitrify the waste and place the product in new-surface, shallow land burial facilities. The LMHC project to assess the performance of these disposal facilities is the Hanford ILAW Performance Assessment (PA) Activity. The goal of this project is to provide a reasonable expectation that the disposal of the waste is protective of the general public, groundwater resources, air resources, surface water resources, and inadvertent intruders. Achieving this goal will require prediction of contaminant migration from the facilities. This migration is expected to occur primarily via the movement of water through the facilities and the consequent transport of dissolved contaminants in the pore water of the vadose zone. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) assists LMHC in its performance assessment activities. One of PNNL's tasks is to provide estimates of the physical, hydraulic, and transport properties of the materials comprising the disposal facilities and the disturbed region around them. These materials are referred …

Near-field Hydrology Data Package for the Immobilized Low-Activity Waste 2001 Performance Assessment

To describe neutron scattering the resonance domain of the nuclear fuel isotopes, the static model is widely in use in nuclear data processing codes. With this model the influence of chemical binding on the transfer cross section is not taken into account since the nucleus is considered to be in rest and isolated in the laboratory system. Further, the application of the free gas model to the resonant scattering of neutrons shows that the up-scattering probability is strongly dependent on the incident neutron energy. If the latter is smaller than the resonance energy then the free gas model predicts an enormous chance for the neutron to gain energy after collision. Neither the static nor free gas model is adequate to describe the resonant scattering of neutrons in a crystal. This fact can induce non-negligible errors in reactor calculations and, in particular, in the estimation of the Doppler coefficient. In the present paper the author proposes the theoretical study of the possibility to estimate the neutron transfer cross sections in the harmonic crystal approximation.

Two H Canyon neutron monitoring systems for early detection of postulated abnormal reflux conditions in the Second Uranium Cycle 1E and 1D Mixer-Settle Banks have been designed and built. Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations using the general purpose, general geometry, n-particle MCNP code have been performed to model expected response of the monitoring systems to varying conditions.The confirmatory studies documented herein conclude that the 1E and 1D neutron monitoring systems are able to achieve adequate neutron count rates for various neutron source and detector configurations, thereby eliminating excessive integration count time. Neutron count rate sensitivity studies are also performed. Conversely, the transport studies concluded that the neutron count rates are statistically insensitive to nitric acid content in the aqueous region and to the transition region length. These studies conclude that the 1E and 1D neutron monitoring systems are able to predict the postulated reflux conditions for all examined perturbations in the neutron source and detector configurations. In the cases examined, the relative change in the neutron count rates due to postulated transitions from normal {sup 235}U concentration levels to reflux levels remain satisfactory detectable.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the: (1) amount of federal funding and support provided to the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, California, and the 1996 Olympic Games held in Atlanta, Georgia, and the planned amount for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah; (2) types of Olympic-related projects and activities receiving federal funding and support; (3) federal policies and legislative authorizations for providing federal funding and support; and (4) procedures existing to ensure that federal funding and support were properly awarded and used."