Cesium-137 has contaminated a large area of the wetlands on the Savannah River Site. Remediation of the contaminated wetlands is problematic because current techniques destroy the sensitive ecosystem and generate a higher dose to workers. To address this problem, we proposed a non-trusive, in situ technology to sequester 137Cs in sediments. One intention of this study was to provide information regarding a go/no go decision for future work. Since the proof-of-concept was successful and several minerals were identified as potential candidates for this technology, a go decision was made.

It is found that a transition between two flow patterns takes place in thick HE targets. In this case, the jet will initially propagate into the HE at the same rate as into an inert material of the same density. The part of the jet that has stagnated and is flowing nearly co-axially with the incoming jet (but at a much lower speed) is being forced toward the surface of the incoming jet by the pressure of the reaction products but has not as yet made contact. After it makes contact, both axial and perpendicular momentum transfer takes place between the two jet components. After this transition, a new steady state will develop for the propagating jet, with the unperturbed front of the jet propagating at a slower rate than previously. The perturbed front of the jet is still propagating at or near the original rate, having had relatively little axial momentum exchange. However, it has acquired radial momentum and is spreading out as it is propagating; it is therefore becoming less capable of penetrating downstream targets. It is the unperturbed part of the jet that is capable of penetrating downstream targets. A calculational method for predicting this case is …

Detection and sizing of colloids by acoustic detection of laser-induced breakdown and elemental analysis of colloids by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy are investigated in dilute aqueous suspensions. Development and testing of the methods are performed with standard polystyrene suspensions and prepared suspensions of defined composition and particle size. Application of the methods to analysis of field and laboratory samples is discussed. Am atomic emission lines are observed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of an Am hydroxycarbonate suspension.

The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The Puerto Rico facility is presently the largest operating battery storage system in the world and has successfully provided frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reseme to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. However, the facility has suffered accelerated cell failures in the past year and PREPA is committed to restoring the plant to full capacity. This represents the first repowering of a large utility battery facility. PREPA and its vendors and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation, which are summarized in this paper.

RENiAl (RE = rare-earth metal) and UNiAl compounds crystallizing in the hexagonal ZrNiAl-type structure (space group P{bar 6}2m) can absorb up to 2 and 3 hydrogen (deuterium) atoms per formula unit, respectively. Hydrogenation leads to a notable lattice expansion and modification of magnetic properties. However, the impact of hydrogenation on magnetism is the opposite for 4f- and 5f-materials: TN(T{sub c})is lowered in the case of rare-earth hydrides, while for UNiAlH(D){sub x} it increases by an order of magnitude. Here we present results of magnetic and structure studies performed of these compounds, focusing on the correlation between magnetic and structural variations and discussing possible reasons of the striking difference in effect of hydrogenation on rare-earth and actinide intermetallics.

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We report the discovery of a new high-pressure molecular phase of carbon dioxide. The new polymorph, CO{sub 2} -IV, is formed by heating the high-pressure orthorhombic phase III to temperatures above 1000K at pressures between 12 and 33GPa. Analysis of the Raman spectrum of the new phase suggests a structure lacking inversion symmetry.

Long range interactions in periodic systems should be treated using the Ewald potential. For systems larger than a few hundred particles this is best calculated using the particle-particle, particle-mesh (P3M) method.

Due to several interesting findings on both adaptive survival responses (ASRs) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR), this grant was separated into two discrete Specific Aim sets (each with their own discrete hypotheses). The described experiments were simultaneously performed.

Approximately 15,000 L of solution containing isotopes of americium and curium (Am/Cm) will undergo stabilization by vitrification at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Prior to vitrification, an in-tank pretreatment will be used to remove metal impurities from the solution using an oxalate precipitation process. Material balance calculations for this process, based on solubility data in pure nitric acid, predict approximately 80 percent of the plutonium in the solution will be lost to waste. Due to the uncertainty associated with the plutonium losses during processing, solubility experiments were performed to measure the recovery of plutonium during pretreatment and a subsequent precipitation process to prepare a slurry feed for a batch melter. A good estimate of the plutonium content of the glass is required for planning the shipment of the vitrified Am/Cm product to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).The plutonium solubility in the oxalate precipitation supernate during pretreatment was 10 mg/mL at 35 degrees C. In two subsequent washes with a 0.25M oxalic acid/0.5M nitric acid solution, the solubility dropped to less than 5 mg/mL. During the precipitation and washing steps, lanthanide fission products in the solution were mostly insoluble. Uranium, and alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal impurities were soluble as …

The water-filled K-Basins in the Hanford 100 Area have been used to store N-Reactor spent nuclear fuel (SNF) since the 1970s. Because some leaks in the basin have been detected and some of the fuel is breached due to handling damage and corrosion, efforts are underway to remove the fuel elements from wet storage. An Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) has been developed to package, dry, transport, and store these metallic uranium fuel elements in an interim storage facility on the Hanford Site (WHC 1995). Information required to support the development of the drying processes, and the required safety analyses, is being obtained from characterization tests conducted on fuel elements removed from the K-Basins. A series of whole element drying tests (reported in separate documents, see Section 7.0) have been conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) on several intact and damaged fuel elements recovered from both the K-East and K-West Basins. This report documents the results of a test ''dry-run'' conducted prior to the eighth and last of those tests, which was conducted on an N-Reactor outer fuel element removed from K-West canister 6513U. The system used for the dry-run test was the Whole Element Furnace Testing System, described in …

The water-filled K-Basins in the Hanford 100 Area have been used to store N-Reactor spent nuclear fuel (SNF) since the 1970s. Because some leaks in the basin have been detected and some of the fuel is breached due to handling damage and corrosion, efforts are underway to remove the fuel elements from wet storage. An Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) has been developed to package, dry, transport, and store these metallic uranium fuel elements in an interim storage facility on the Hanford Site (WHC 1995). Information required to support the development of the drying processes, and the required safety analyses, is being obtained from characterization tests conducted on fuel elements removed from the K-Basins. A series of whole element drying tests (reported in separate documents, see Section 7.0) have been conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)(a)on several intact and damaged fuel elements recovered from both the K-East and K-West Basins. This report documents the results of a test ''dry-run'' conducted prior to the eighth and last of those tests, which was conducted on an N-Reactor outer fuel element removed from K-West canister6513U. The system used for the dry-run test was the Whole Element Furnace Testing System, described in Section 2.0, …

This report details the efforts by engineers at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to evaluate the reliability of water-cooled radiation absorbers used in the NSLS X-ray ring. The absorbers on this report are part of the X-9 and X-29 dipole vacuum chambers. The absorbers are located at the intersection (crotch) of the beamline exit ports with the electron beam chamber, and are generally referred to as ''crotches''. The purpose of this analysis was to demonstrate the thermal reliability of the crotches under operating conditions that will be present over the expected life of the ring. The efforts described include general engineering layouts, engineering calculations, finite element analysis (FEA), results and conclusions of the analysis, and future design recommendations.

Two and three electrode impedance measurements were made on 18650 Li-ion cells at different QB temperatures ranging from 35 C to {minus}40 C. The ohmic resistance of the cell is nearly constant the temperature range studied although the total cell impedance increases by an order of magnitude in the same temperature range. In contrast to what is commonly believed, we show from our three-electrode impedance results that, the increase in cell impedance comes mostly from the cathode and not from the anode. Further, the anode and cathode contribute to both the impedance loops (in the NyQuist plot).

The procedure determines the energy production of a PV module for five reference days. The reference days represent possible operating environments and are qualitatively described as Hot Sunny, Cold Sunny, Hot Cloudy, Cold Cloudy, and Nice. Based on statistical weather criteria, these days were selected from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Besides the hourly solar radiation and meteorological data from the NSRDB, the reference days include air mass, angle of incidence, plane of array, and spectral irradiance for a south-facing PV module at latitude tilt, battery-charging voltage, and parameters f1 and f2 for determining PV module temperature. Indoor I-V curve measurements over a range of temperatures and irradiances characterize the electrical performance of a PV module and are used to determine factors to correct for non-linear performance when irradiance and temperature vary. They also serve as a matrix of reference I-V curves for translating to reference-day condition s. The sensitivity of a PV module to variations in the spectral distribution of the incident radiation is accounted for by using an incident irradiance. Differences in PV module thermal characteristics are accounted for by using a PV module's installed nominal operating cell temperature (INOCT) for input to the Fuentes temperature model. …

A low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL) is under construction at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). This line will initially be used to demonstrate a free-electron laser (FEL) based on the self-amplified spontaneous-emission (SASE) process. The FEL simulation programs, TDA3D and GENESIS, together with several other codes have been used for the LEUTL project. In order to increase the confidence on the simulation results, we attempted to benchmark two programs TDA3D and GENESIS. The results are reported here.

Our group has discovered a many body effect that explains the surprising divergence of the spin susceptibility which has been measured by neutron scattering experiments on high temperature superconductors and vanadium oxide metals. Electron interactions on nested - i.e., nearly parallel paths - have been analyzed extensively by our group, and such processes provide a physical explanation for many anomalous features that distinguish cuprate superconductors from ordinary metals.

We report on the first lasing of a high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free-electron laser (FEL). The experiment was conducted at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This is a BNL experiment in collaboration with the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. A preliminary measurement gives a high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) pulse energy that is 2 x 10{sup 7} times larger than the spontaneous radiation, In a purely self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode of operation, the signal was measured as 10 times larger than the spontaneous radiation in the same distance ({approximately}2 m) through the same wiggler. This means the HGHG signal is 2 x 10{sup 6} times larger than the SASE signal. To obtain the same saturated output power by the SASE process, the radiator would have to be 3 times longer (6 m).

This document provides the waste acceptance criteria for liquid waste managed by Waste Management Federal Services of Hanford, Inc. (WMH). These waste acceptance criteria address the various requirements to operate a facility in compliance with applicable environmental, safety, and operational requirements. This document also addresses the sitewide miscellaneous streams program.

Employing the high resolution of a 5+4 tandem Fabry-Perot interferometer, we discovered that {Delta}{prime}, the Raman active electronic transition between the spin-orbit split 1s(p{sub 3/2}): {Lambda}{sub 8} and 1s(P{sub 1/2}) {Lambda}{sub 7} acceptor ground states, is a doublet for a boron impurity in diamond with a clearly resolved spacing of 0.81 {+-} 0.15 cm{sup {minus}1}. The direct observation of a Stokes/anti-Stokes pair with 0.80 {+-} 0.04 cm{sup {minus}1} shift provides a striking confirmation that the lower 1s(p{sub 3/2}): {Lambda}{sub 8} ground state has experienced a splitting due to a static Jahn-Teller distortion. The Zeeman effect of {Delta}{prime} has been investigated with a magnetic field along several crystallographic directions. Theory of the Zeeman effect, formulated in terms of the symmetry of the substitutional acceptor and the Luttinger parameters of the valence band, allows quantitative predictions of the relative intensities of the Zeeman components in full agreement with experiments. The observation of transitions within the {Lambda}{sub 8} Zeeman multiplet, i.e., the Raman-electron-paramagnetic-resonances, is yet another novel feature to emerge from the present study. The investigation has also yielded g-factors characterizing the Zeeman multiplets.

When the APS storage ring was retuned to provide smaller {beta}{sub y} values in the insertion straight sections, it was necessary to increase the vertical tune by at least two units. Since the design values for the horizontal and vertical tunes are 35.22 and 16.30, respectively, this put the tunes dangerously close to the sextupole 2v{sub y}-v{sub x} coupling resonance. The large injection horizontal oscillations could couple to the vertical plane and exceed the 5-mm vertical apertures that exist in some of the insertion straight sections. To avoid this resonance, the vertical tune was raised beyond the resonance to 19.30. The result was a reduction in the ability of the chromaticity sextuples to correct the chromaticity. Recent investigation has shown that the chromaticity correction capability of the sextuples can be greatly increased by a modest increase in the horizontal tune. Increasing the horizontal tune by one unit and reducing the vertical tune by three units produces a lattice with better chromaticity control while maintaining an acceptable dynamic aperture.

A steam generator mock-up has been assembled for round-robin studies of the effectiveness of currently practiced inservice inspection (ISI) technology for detection of current-day flaws. The mock-up will also be used to evaluate emerging inspection technologies. The 3.66-m (12-ft.)-tall mock-up contains 400 tube openings, each consisting of 9 test sections that can be used to simulate current-day field-induced flaws and artifacts. Included in the mock-up are simulations of tube support plate (TSP) intersections and the tube sheet (TS). Cracks are present at the TSP, TS, and in the free span sections of the mock-up. For initial evaluation of the round-robin results, various eddy current methods, as well as multivariate models for data analysis techniques, are being used to estimate the depth and length of defects in the mock-up. To ensure that the round-robin is carried out with procedures as close as possible to those implemented in the field, input was obtained from industry experts on the protocol and procedures to be used for the exercise. One initial assembly of the mock-up with a limited number of flaws and artifact has been completed and tested. A second completed configuration with additional flaw and artifacts simulations will be used for the round-robin.

This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides for the inspection and testing of the new Pumping and Instrumentation Control (PIC) skid designed as ''L''. The ATP will be performed after the construction of the PIC skid in the shop.

We review published rapidity gap results on diffractive W and dijet production and discuss new results on diffractive b and J/{psi} production. The diffractive structure function of the proton obtained from Roman pot dijet data is presented and com- pared with expectations based on the diffractive parton densities extracted from DIS at HERA. Also presented are results on dijet production in double Pomeron exchange. Finally, we review hard double-diffractive results (rapidity gaps between jets) and present new results on soft double diffraction.