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Accurate Method for Determining Adhesion of Cantilever Beams (open access)

Accurate Method for Determining Adhesion of Cantilever Beams

Using surface micromachined samples, we demonstrate the accurate measurement of cantilever beam adhesion by using test structures which are adhered over long attachment lengths. We show that this configuration has a deep energy well, such that a fracture equilibrium is easily reached. When compared to the commonly used method of determining the shortest attached beam, the present method is much less sensitive to variations in surface topography or to details of capillary drying.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Michalske, T. A. & De Boer, M. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 99, No. 256, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 99, No. 256, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Cole, Carol
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 60, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 60, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Dobbs, Gary
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Chionsini, Brandi
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Business case study Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 3: Revitalization (open access)

Business case study Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 3: Revitalization

It is the conclusion of this study that Los Alamos National Laboratory (Laboratory) will gain dramatically from revitalization of Technical Area 3 (TA-3) by providing a premiere facility for the US National Laboratory system, the Laboratory will be able to recruit and retain the best available expertise to help fulfill its mission, and plan for the future mission of LANL. The costs of TA-3 revitalization have been estimated at $200 million, however utilizing alternative construction and financing, commercial construction can dramatically reduce these costs and Third Party financing can reduce the overall estimated costs by nearly 50%. In addition, the costs of construction can be captured through savings in staff efficiency, energy efficiency, and reduced maintenance costs of the now aging infrastructure.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: MARWICK, KPMG PEAT
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Semi-weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Smith, W. Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Dallas Voice (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

Dallas Voice (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Weekly newspaper from Dallas, Texas that includes local, state, and national news and advertising of interest to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Vercher, Dennis
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug Treatment: Summary of Federal Programs, Funding, and Performance Goals (open access)

Drug Treatment: Summary of Federal Programs, Funding, and Performance Goals

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on federally funded drug abuse treatment programs and activities for the federal judiciary, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Justice, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy."
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Reauthorizations and Regulatory Reform: From the 104th Congress to the 106th (open access)

Environmental Reauthorizations and Regulatory Reform: From the 104th Congress to the 106th

The 104th Congress pursued efforts to reform environmental regulations on several fronts: (1) revising regulatory decision making processes; (2) attaching specific reforms to funding bills; (3) establishing a House corrections day calendar of bills addressing specific regulatory problems; and (4) incorporating regulatory reforms into individual program reauthorization bills. The 105th Congress has pursued regulatory reform in four primary directions: (1) proposals to establish a comprehensive cost-benefit/risk analysis framework for regulatory programs, (2) private property “takings” initiatives, (3) amendments and reforms directed at individual environmental statutes, and (4) oversight of environmental programs.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Blodgett, John E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Funeral Program for Sammie Joyce Coleman, January 8, 1999] (open access)

[Funeral Program for Sammie Joyce Coleman, January 8, 1999]

Funeral program for Sammie Joyce Coleman, born August 5, 1939 and died December 31, 1998. The funeral was held January 8, 1999 at F.E. Lewis Memorial Chapel, officiated by Evangelist, Louise Braziel. Funeral arrangements were made through the Lewis Funeral Home and she was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Pamphlet
System: The Portal to Texas History
Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Magness, Jack, Jr.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Groundwater Monitoring for the 100-K Area Fuel-Storage Basins: July 1996 Through April 1998 (open access)

Groundwater Monitoring for the 100-K Area Fuel-Storage Basins: July 1996 Through April 1998

This report presents the results of groundwater monitoring and summarizes current interpretations of conditions influencing groundwater quality and flow in the 100-K Area. The interpretations build on previous work, and statisticzd evaluations of contaminant concentrations were ptiormed for the period July 1996 through April 1998. No new basin leaks are indicated by data from this period. Tritium from a 1993 leak in the KE Basin has been detected in groundwater and appears to be dissi- pating. Tritium and strontium-90 from inactive injection wells/drain fields are still evident near the KW and KE Basins. These contaminants have increased as a result of infiltration of surface water or a higher- " than-average water table. Inactive condensate cribs near the KW and KE Basins resulted in very high tritium and carbon-14 activities in some wells. Recent tritium decreases are attributed to changes in groundwater-flow direction caused by the higher-than-average river stage in 1996-1998, which caused the contaminant plumes to move away from the monitoring wells. Results of the groundwater-monitoring program were used to identi~ and correct factors that may contribute to contaminant increases. For example, some sources of surface-water infiltration have been diverted. Additional work to reduce infiltration through contaminated sediments is planned …
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Johnson, V. G.; Chou, C. J.; Hartman, M. J. & Webber, W. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heat Pipe Solar Receiver Development Activities at Sandia National Laboratories (open access)

Heat Pipe Solar Receiver Development Activities at Sandia National Laboratories

Over the past decade, Sandia National Laboratories has been involved in the development of receivers to transfer energy from the focus of a parabolic dish concentrator to the heater tubes of a Stirling engine. Through the isothermal evaporation and condensation of sodium. a heat-pipe receiver can efficiently transfer energy to an engine's working fluid and compensate for irregularities in the flux distribution that is delivered by the concentrator. The operation of the heat pipe is completely passive because the liquid sodium is distributed over the solar-heated surface by capillary pumping provided by a wick structure. Tests have shown that using a heat pipe can boost the system performance by twenty percent when compared to directly illuminating the engine heater tubes. Designing heat pipe solar receivers has presented several challenges. The relatively large area ({approximately}0.2 m{sup 2}) of the receiver surface makes it difficult to design a wick that can continuously provide liquid sodium to all regions of the heated surface. Selecting a wick structure with smaller pores will improve capillary pumping capabilities of the wick, but the small pores will restrict the flow of liquid and generate high pressure drops. Selecting a wick that is comprised of very tine filaments …
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Adkins, D. R.; Andraka, C. E.; Moreno, J. B.; Moss, T. A.; Rawlinson, K. S. & Showalter, S. K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heavy-ion irradiation induced diamond formation in carbonaceous materials. (open access)

Heavy-ion irradiation induced diamond formation in carbonaceous materials.

The basic mechanisms of metastable phase formation produced under highly non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions within high-energy particle tracks are investigated. In particular, the possible formation of diamond by heavy-ion irradiation of graphite at ambient temperature is examined. This work was motivated, in part, by earlier studies which discovered nanometer-grain polycrystalline diamond aggregates of submicron-size in uranium-rich carbonaceous mineral assemblages of Precambrian age. It was proposed that the radioactive decay of uranium formed diamond in the fission particle tracks produced in the carbonaceous minerals. To test the hypothesis that nanodiamonds can form by ion irradiation, fine-grain polycrystalline graphite sheets were irradiated with 400 MeV Kr ions. The ion irradiated graphite (and unirradiated graphite control) were then subjected to acid dissolution treatments to remove the graphite and isolate any diamonds that were produced. The acid residues were then characterized by analytical and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The acid residues of the ion-irradiated graphite were found to contain ppm concentrations of nanodiamonds, suggesting that ion irradiation of bulk graphite at ambient temperature can produce diamond.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Daulton, T. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Hopkins County Echo (Sulphur Springs, Tex.), Vol. 204, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Hopkins County Echo (Sulphur Springs, Tex.), Vol. 204, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Weekly newspaper from Sulphur Springs, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Keys, Scott & Lamb, Bill
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The interaction of laser driven shock waves with a spherical density perturbation (open access)

The interaction of laser driven shock waves with a spherical density perturbation

Strong shock waves produced by illumination of a CH target by laser produced x-rays were driven through a copper sphere. The motion and deformation of the sphere were measured using radiographs generated by backlighting the sphere with a large area backlighter. The sphere became non-spherical after the passage of the shock, having a complicated down-stream structure. This was an instability-induced structure that was predicted by calculations. The experiment is a convenient laboratory model of the complicated interactions occurring in much larger systems such as in astrophysics in the interaction of shocks formed in the interstellar medium with various types of clouds. In particular, the experiment is a useful tool for checking the computational ability of the new generation ASCI computers, as it requires three-dimensional modeling. This experiment has shown that three dimensional calculations seem to be necessary to describe major features observed in the experiment. Any attempt to explain hydrodynamic behavior with similar instabilities must take into account these three dimensional effects.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Perry, T S; Klein, R I; Budil, K S & Bach, D R
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Message, Volume 35, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Message, Volume 35, January 8, 1999

Newsletter of Congregation Beth Yeshurun in Houston, including news and events, upcoming services, member announcements, editorials, and other information of interest to congregants.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Congregation Beth Yeshurun (Houston, Tex.)
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
The New 1999 National Electrical Code Coupled with New Standards Clarify Requirements for Installations of Photovoltaic Systems in the U.S. (open access)

The New 1999 National Electrical Code Coupled with New Standards Clarify Requirements for Installations of Photovoltaic Systems in the U.S.

The National Electrical Code@ (NEC@) focuses primarily on electrical system installation requirements in the U.S. The NEC addresses both fire and personnel safety. This paper will describe recent efforts of the PV industry in the U.S. and the resulting requirements in the 1999 National Electrical Code-- Article 690 --Solar Photovoltaic Systems. The Article 690 requirements spell out the PV-unique requirements for safe installations of PV systems in the U.S.A. This paper provides an overview of the most significant changes that appear in Article 690 of the 1999 edition of the NEC. The related and coordinated efforts of the other standards- making groups will also be briefly reviewed.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Bower, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 80, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 80, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Orientation imaging microscopy investigation of the compression deformation of a [011] ta single crystal (open access)

Orientation imaging microscopy investigation of the compression deformation of a [011] ta single crystal

High-purity tantalum single crystal cylinders oriented with [110] parallel to the cylinder axis were deformed 10, 20, and 30 percent in compression. The samples were subsequently sectioned for characterization using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (O&I) along two orthogonal sectioning planes: one in the plane containing [001] and [110] (longitudinal) and the other in the plane containing [1{anti 1}0] and[110] (transverse). To examine local lattice rotations, the Euler angles relative to a reference angle at the section center were decomposed to their in-plane and out-of-plane components. The in-plane and out-of-plane misorientation maps for all compression tests reveal inhomogeneous deformation everywhere and particularly large lattice rotations in the comers of the longitudinal section. Of particular interest are the observed alternating orientation changes. This suggests the existence of networks of dislocations with net alternating sign that are required to accommodate the observed rotations. Rotation maps from the transverse section are distinctly different in appearance from those in the longitudinal plane. However, the rotation maps confirm that the rotations observed above were about the [1{anti 1}0] axis. Alternating orientation changes are also observed on this section. Results will be directly compared with crystal rotations predicted using finite element methods and reviewed in light of the …
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Adams, B L; Campbell, G H; King, W E; Lassila, D H; Stolken, J S; Sun, S et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, January 8, 1999

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Regulatory Burden: Some Agencies' Claims Regarding Lack of Rulemaking Discretion Have Merit (open access)

Regulatory Burden: Some Agencies' Claims Regarding Lack of Rulemaking Discretion Have Merit

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed federal agencies' assertions that certain private-sector regulatory concerns were, at least in part, attributable to underlying statutes, focusing on: (1) the amount of discretion the underlying statutes gave the rulemaking agencies in developing the regulatory requirements that the agencies had said were attributable to the underlying statutes; (2) whether the regulatory requirements at issue were within the authority granted by the underlying statutes; and (3) whether the rulemaking agencies could have developed regulatory approaches that would have been less burdensome to the regulated entities while still meeting the underlying statutory requirements."
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Role of twinning in the optimization of the grain boundary character distribution (open access)

Role of twinning in the optimization of the grain boundary character distribution

The grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) is a microstructural property that describes the proportions of �special� and �random� boundaries as defined by the coincident site lattice model. Recently, there has been increased attention on determination of the GBCD and manipulation of the relative fractions in the microstructure through thermomechanical processing in order to improve material� s properties like corrosion and creep resistance. Most of the �optimization� treatments reported in the literature have been performed on fee materials with relatively low stacking fault energies and have resulted in microstructures with high fractions of {Sigma}3, {Sigma}9, and {Sigma}27 boundaries. It could be interpreted that annealing twins are solely required to improve the GBCD. However, in order to optimize the properties, it appears imperative that the formation of annealing twins disrupt the connectivity of the random boundary network, thus implying that {Sigma}3{sup n} reactions and resultant triple lines are critical. Experiments to modify the GBCD of oxygen-free electronic Cu and Inconel 600 through thermomechanical processing are presented and discussed in light of observations of the deformed and recrystallized microstructures.
Date: January 8, 1999
Creator: King, W E; Kumar, M & Schwartz, A J
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library