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766 Matching Results

Start Over Year 1999 Day 4th

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Results: 1 - 24 of 766 next

(open access)

Wet Chemical Etching Survey of III-Nitrides

Wet chemical etching of GaN, InN, AlN, InAlN and InGaN was investigated in various acid and base solutions at temperatures up to 75 C. Only KOH-based solutions were found to etch AlN and InAlN. No etchants were found for the other nitrides, emphasizing their extreme lack of chemical reactivity. The native oxide on most of the nitrides could be removed in potassium tetraborate at 75 C, or HCl/H{sub 2}O at 25 C.

Date: February 4, 1999

Creator: Abernathy, C. R.; Cho, H.; Hays, D. C.; MacKenzie, J. D.; Pearton, S.J.; Ren, F. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

Public Interest Obligations Advisory Committee Home Page

By Executive Order No. 13038, President Clinton established the Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters (PIAC). The Committee studied and recommended the public interest responsibilities that should accompany the broadcasters' receipt of digital television licenses. NTIA serves as the Secretariat for the Advisory Committee.

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters

Object Type: Website

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Unsafe Coulomb excitation of {sup 240-244}Pu.

The high spin states of {sup 240}Pu and {sup 244}Pu have been investigated with GAMMASPHERE at ATLAS, using Coulomb excitation with a {sup 208}Pb beam at energies above the Coulomb barrier. Data on a transfer channel leading to {sup 242}Pu were obtained as well. In the case of {sup 244}Pu, the yrast band was extended to 34{h_bar} revealing the completed {pi}i{sub 13/2} alignment, a ''first'' for actinide nuclei. The yrast sequence of {sup 242}Pu was also extended to higher spin and a similar backbend was delineated. In contrast, while the ground state band of {sup 240}Pu was measured up to the highest rotational frequencies ever reported in the actinide region ({approximately}300 keV), no sign of particle alignment was observed. In this case, several observable such as the large B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios in the negative parity band, and the vanishing energy staggering between the negative and positive parity bands suggest that the strength of octupole correlations increases with rotational frequency. These stronger correlations may well be responsible for delaying or suppressing the {pi}i{sub 13/2} particle alignment.

Date: February 4, 1999

Creator: Ahmad, I.; Amro, H.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chowdhury, P.; Cizewski, J.; Cline, D. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Photoluminescence Studies of Lateral Composition Modulated Short-Period AlAs/InAs Superlattices

We present low temperature photoluminescence data for a series of spontaneous lateral composition modulation in (AlAs){sub m}/(InAs){sub n} short period superlattices on InP with differing average lattice constants, i.e., varying global strain. The low temperature photoluminescence peak energies were found to be much lower than the corresponding energy expected for the equivalent In{sub x}Al{sub 1{minus}x}As alloy. The bandgap energy reductions are found to approach 500 meV and this reduction is found to correlated with the strength of the composition modulation wave amplitude.

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Ahrenkiel, S. P.; Follstaedt, D. M.; Jones, E. D.; Lee, S. R.; Mascarenhas, A.; Mirecki-Millunchick, J. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Cyclization Phenomena in the Sol-Gel Polymerization of a,w-Bis(triethoxysilyl)alkanes and Incorporation of the Cyclic Structures into Network Silsesquioxane Polymers

Intramolecular cyclizations during acid-catalyzed, sol-gel polymerizations of ct,co- bis(tietioxysilyl)aWmes substintidly lengtien gelties formonomers witietiylene- (l), propylene- (2), and butylene-(3)-bridging groups. These cyclizations reactions were found, using mass spectrometry and %i NMR spectroscopy, to lead preferentially to monomeric and dimeric products based on six and seven membered disilsesquioxane rings. 1,2- Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (1) reacts under acidic conditions to give a bicyclic drier (5) that is composed of two annelated seven membered rings. Under the same conditions, 1,3- bis(triethoxysilyl)propane (2), 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)butane (3), and z-1,4- bis(triethoxysilyl)but-2-ene (10) undergo an intramolecular condensation reaction to give the six membemd and seven membered cyclic disilsesquioxanes 6, 7, and 11. Subsequently, these cyclic monomers slowly react to form the tricyclic dirners 8,9 and 12. With NaOH as polymerization catalyst these cyclic silsesquioxanes readily ~aeted to afford gels that were shown by CP MAS z%i NMR and infr=d spectroscopes to retain some cyclic structures. Comparison of the porosity and microstructwe of xerogels prepared from the cyclic monomers 6 and 7 with gels prepared directly from their acyclic precursors 2 and 3, indicate that the final pore structure of the xerogels is markedly dependent on the nature of the precursor. In addition, despite the fact that the monomeric cyclic disilsesquioxane …

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Alam, T.M.; Carpenter, J.P.; Dorhout, P.K.; Greaves, J.; Loy, D.A.; Shaltout, R. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Head Wave Traveltimes in a Three-Dimensional Multilayered Earth

Traveltimes of head waves propagating within a three-dimensional (3D) multilayered earth are described by straightforward mathematical formulae. The earth model consists of a set of homogeneous and isotropic layers bounded by plane interfaces. Each interface (including the surface) may possess arbitrary strike and dip. In this model, the source-to-receiver raypath of a critically refracted wave consists of a set of straight line segments, not confined to a single plane. Algebraic derivations of the traveltime expressions are greatly simplified by using a novel 3D form of Snell's law of refraction. Various generalizations of the basic traveltime equation extend its applicability to arbitrary source-receiver recording geometries and/or mode-converted waves. Related expressions for the traveltimes of reflected waves and one-way transmitted waves propagating in the same layered earth model are obtained as byproducts of the analysis. The expressions contain a set of unit raypath orientation vectors that depend implicitly on source and receiver coordinates. Hence, the equations cannot be characterized as closed-form in the mathematical sense. However, for critically refracted waves, these vectors can be obtained by a minimal amount of numerical raytracing. The traveltime formulae are useful for a variety of forward modeling and inversion purposes.

Date: March 4, 1999

Creator: Aldridge, D.F.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Understanding the role of defect production in radiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessels.

Comparative experiments using high energy (10 MeV) electrons and test reactor neutrons have been undertaken to understand the role that primary damage state has on hardening (embrittlement) induced by irradiation at 300 C. Electrons produce displacement damage primarily by low energy atomic recoils, while fast neutrons produce displacements from considerably higher energy recoils. Comparison of changes resulting from neutron irradiation, in which nascent point defect clusters can form in dense cascades, with electron irradiation, where cascade formation is minimized, can provide insight into the role that the in-cascade point defect clusters have on the mechanisms of embrittlement. Tensile property changes induced by 10 MeV electrons or test reactor neutron irradiations of unalloyed iron and an Fe-0.9 wt.% Cu-1.0 wt.% Mn alloy were examined in the damage range of 9.0 x 10{sup {minus}5} dpa to 1.5 x 10{sup {minus}2} dpa. The results to date showed the ternary alloy experienced substantially greater embrittlement in both the electron and neutron irradiated samples relative to unalloyed iron. Surprisingly, despite their disparate nature of defect production, similar embrittlement trends with increasing radiation damage were observed for electrons and neutrons in both the ternary and unalloyed iron.

Date: August 4, 1999

Creator: Alexander, D. E.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 98, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 4, 1999

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.

Date: February 4, 1999

Creator: Allam, Heather

Object Type: Newspaper

System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History

(open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 118, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 4, 1999

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.

Date: March 4, 1999

Creator: Allam, Heather

Object Type: Newspaper

System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History

(open access)

Fabrication of a simple materials system for study of Hg in a stainless steel.

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is expected to employ a Hg target encased in a stainless steel. Little is known about the metallurgical behavior of this materials engineering system, which will occur in a service environment involving elevated temperatures and intense radiation. Under normal equilibrium conditions, however, Hg is known to be insoluble in and non-reactive with solid Fe and Cr but to form one or more intermetallics with Ni. Hg has been implanted into alloy 304L. For implantations at 400 and 500 C to a fluence of 3 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}2} sub-micron sized precipitates of Hg are formed, as judged, for example, from their solidification behavior on cooling during TEM observation. The formation of such a system of microtargets and possible studies employing them as in situ TEM specimens are discussed, which can provide useful empirical information in conjunction with SNS target development.

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Allen, C. W.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Multistage Infrared Emitters Based on InAsSb Strained Layers Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We report on the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of mid-infrared InAaSb multistage emitters using a high speed rotating disk reactor. The devices contain AlAsSb cladding and strained InAsSb active regions. These emitters have multistage, type I InAsSb/InAsP quantum well active regions. A semi-metal GaAsSb/InAs layer acts as an internal electron source for the multistage injection lasers and AlAsSb is the electron confinement layer. These structures are the first MOCVD multistage devices. Broadband LED's produced 2 mW average power at 3.7 {micro}m and 80 K and 0.1 mW at 4.3 {micro}m and 300K. A multistage, 3.8-3.9 {micro}m laser structure operated up to T=180 K. At 80 K, peak-power > 100 mW/facet and a high slope-efficiency (48%) were observed in these gain guided lasers.

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Allerman, A. A.; Baucom, K. C.; Biefeld, R. M. & Kurtz, S. R.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Deep Level Defect Studies in MOCVD-Grown In(x)Ga(1-x)As(1-y)N(y) Films Lattice-Matched to GaAs

Deep level defects in MOCVD-grown, unintentionally doped p-type InGaAsN films lattice matched to GaAs were investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. As-grown p-InGaAsN showed broad DLTS spectra suggesting that there exists a broad distribution of defect states within the band-gap. Moreover, the trap densities exceeded 10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3}. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements showed no evidence for threading dislocations within the TEM resolution limit of 10{sup 7} cm{sup {minus}2}. A set of samples was annealed after growth for 1800 seconds at 650 C to investigate the thermal stability of the traps. The DLTS spectra of the annealed samples simplified considerably, revealing three distinct hole trap levels with energy levels of 0.10 eV, 0.23 eV, and 0.48 eV above the valence band edge with trap concentrations of 3.5 x 10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}3}, 3.8 x 10{sup 14} cm {sup {minus}3}, and 8.2 x 10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}3}, respectively. Comparison of as-grown and annealed DLTS spectra showed that post-growth annealing effectively reduced the total trap concentration by an order of magnitude across the bandgap. However, the concentration of a trap with an energy level of 0.48 eV was not affected by annealing indicating a higher thermal stability …

Date: March 4, 1999

Creator: Allerman, A. A.; Boeckl, J. J.; Jones, E. D.; Kaplar, R. J.; Kurtz, S. R.; Kwon, D. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Tracer Tests in a Fractured Dolomite: 2. Controls on Mass-Recovery Rates for a Single-Porosity, Heterogeneous Conceptualization

A single-well injection-withdrawal (SWIW) test is evaluated as a tool to differentiate between single- and double-porosity conceptualizations of a system. Results from single-porosity simulations incorporating plume drift are also compared to observed data from a recent series of SWIW tests conducted in a fractured dolomite unit, for which a double-porosity conceptualization has been proposed. We evaluate the difficulty of differentiating the response for a double-porosity conceptualization from that for a heterogeneous, single-porosity conceptualization incorporating plume drift. Results of sensitivity studies on multiple, stochastically generated, heterogeneous transmissivity fields indicate that to simulate extremely slow mass-recovery rates for a SWIW test with a single-porosity conceptualization, the following conditions must be present: plume drift, extreme heterogeneities (high {sigma}InT), and an unusual configuration of the high and low transmissivity regions relative to the well location. A compilation of existing data suggests that the high degree of heterogeneity necessary is rare at the SWIW test scale.The observed data from the SWIW tracer tests cannot be matched to numerical simulation results when a single-porosity conceptualization is assumed. A signature of significant drift is less than 100% mass recovery with a zero derivative with respect to time of the late-time normalized cumulative mass curve indicating mass transported …

Date: March 4, 1999

Creator: Altman, S. J.; Meigs, L. C. & Jones, T. L.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Finite Element Modeling of Suspended Particle Migration in Non-Newtonian Fluids

Shear-induced migration of particles is studied during the slow flow of suspensions of spheres (particle volume fraction {phi} = 0.50) in an inelastic but shear-thinning, suspending fluid in flow between counterrotating concentric cylinders, The conditions are such that nonhydrodynamic effects are negligible. The movement of particles away from the high shear rate region is more pronounced than in a Newtonian suspending liquid. We test a continuum constitutive model for the evolution of particle concentration in a flowing suspension proposed by Phillips et al. (1992) by using shear-thinning, suspending fluids. The fluid constitutive equation is Carreau-like in its shear-thinning behavior but also varies with the local particle concentration. The model is compared with the experimental data gathered with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging.

Date: March 4, 1999

Creator: Altobelli, S.; Baer, T.; Mondy, L.; Rao, R. & Stephens, T.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Appropriations for FY1999: An Overview

This is a funding level summary of each of the 13 annual appropriation acts for FY1999 appears in the summaries of annual appropriations spending section of this report.

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Anderson, J. Michael

Object Type: Report

System: The UNT Digital Library

(open access)

Wire Array Z-Pinch Insights for Enhanced X-Ray Production

Comparisons of measured total radiated x-ray power from annular wire-array z-pinches with a variety of models as a function of wire number, array mass, and load radius are reviewed. The data, which are comprehensive, have provided important insights into the features of wire-array dynamics that are critical for high x-ray power generation. Collectively, the comparisons of the data with the model calculations suggest that a number of underlying dynamical mechanisms involving cylindrical asymmetries and plasma instabilities contribute to the measured characteristics. For example, under the general assumption that the measured risetime of the total-radiated-power pulse is related to the thickness of the plasma shell formed on axis, the Heuristic Model [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 26, 1275 (1998)] agrees with the measured risetime under a number of specific assumptions about the way the breakdown of the wires, the wire-plasma expansion, and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the r-z plane, interact. Likewise, in the high wire-number regime (where the wires are calculated to form a plasma shell prior to significant radial motion of the shell) the comparisons show that the variation in the power of the radiation generated as a function of load mass and array radius can be simulated by the 2-D …

Date: January 4, 1999

Creator: Apruzese, J. P.; Chittenden, J. P.; Greenly, J. B.; Haines, M. G.; Mock, R. C.; Mosher, D. et al.

Object Type: Article

System: The UNT Digital Library