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Accident Sequence Precursor Program Large Early Release Frequency Model Development
The objectives for the ASP large early release frequency (LERF) model development work is to build a Level 2 containment response model that would capture all of the events necessary to define LERF as outlined in Regulatory Guide 1.174, can be directly interfaced with the existing Level 1 models, is technically correct, can be readily modified to incorporate new information or to represent another plant, and can be executed in SAPHIRE. The ASP LERF models being developed will meet these objectives while providing the NRC with the capability to independently assess the risk impact of plant-specific changes proposed by the utilities that change the nuclear power plants' licensing basis. Together with the ASP Level 1 models, the ASP LERF models provide the NRC with the capability of performing equipment and event assessments to determine their impact on a plant's LERF for internal events during power operation. In addition, the ASP LERF models are capable of being updated to reflect changes in information regarding the system operations and phenomenological events, and of being updated to assess the potential for early fatalities for each LERF sequence. As the ASP Level 1 models evolve to include more analysis capabilities, the LERF models will …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Brownson, Douglas A.; Brown, Thomas D.; Duran, Felicia A.; Gregory, Julie J. & Rodrick, Edward G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: An Overview of the National Low Emission Vehicle Program and Related Issues
This report provides background information on federal emission standards for motor vehicles under the Clean Air Act and stricter standards originally developed to address the severity of air quality problems in California, explains the low emission standards and flexible compliance mechanisms to which states and manufacturers have voluntarily agreed under the National Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program, discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) estimates of the program's air quality benefits and costs, and examines regulatory issues related to its implementation including sulfur levels in gasoline and the relative stringency of emission standards for light trucks.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Bearden, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 99, No. 252, Ed. 1 Monday, January 4, 1999
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Cole, Carol
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 44, Ed. 1 Monday, January 4, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Schwind, Jim & Looby, Edward
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
An Approach for the Analysis of Regulatory Analytes in High Level Radioactive Waste Stored at Hanford, Richland, Washington
Radiation levels, salt concentration, and the oxidizing nature of the waste dictates modifications to the SW-846 methods. Modified methods will be used to meet target EQLs and QC currently in SW-846. Method modifications will be validated per SW-846 and HASQARD and will be documented consistent with WAC 173-303-910. The affect of modifications to holding times and storage conditions will be evaluated using techniques developed by Maskarinec and Bayne (1996). After validating the methods and performing the holding time study on a minimum of two Phase 1 candidate feed source tank wastes, DOE and Ecology will assess: whether different methods are needed, whether holding time/storage conditions should be altered, whether the high priority analyte list should be refined, and which additional tank waste needs to be characterized.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Wiemers, K. D.; Miller, M. & Lerchen, M. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY1999: An Overview
This is a funding level summary of each of the 13 annual appropriation acts for FY1999 appears in the summaries of annual appropriations spending section of this report.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Anderson, J. Michael
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Assessment of the Stability and the Potential for In-Situ Synthesis of Regulated Organic Compounds in High Level Radioactive Waste Stored at Hanford, Richland, Washington
The stability assessment examined 269 non-detected regulated compounds, first seeking literature references of the stability of the compounds, then evaluating each compound based upon the presence of functional groups using professional judgment. Compounds that could potentially survive for significant periods in the tanks (>1 year) were designated as stable. Most of the functional groups associated with the regulated organic compounds were considered unstable under tank waste conditions. The general exceptions with respect to functional group stability are some simple substituted aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds that resist oxidation and the multiple substituted aliphatic and aromatic halides that hydrolyze or dehydrohalogenate slowly under tank waste conditions. One-hundred and eighty-one (181) regulated, organic compounds were determined as likely unstable in the tank waste environment.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Wiemers, K. D.; Babad, H.; Hallen, R. T.; Jackson, L. P. & Lerchen, M. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 56, Ed. 1 Monday, January 4, 1999
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Dobbs, Gary
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access
This report consists of a chronology with internet access budget FY1999.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access
This is a select chronology of, and a finding guide for information on, congressional and presidential actions and documents related to major budget events in calendar year 1998, covering the FY1999 budget. Brief information is provided for the President’s budget, congressional budget resolutions, appropriations measures (regular, continuing, supplementals, and rescissions), budget reconciliation, House and Senate votes, line-item vetoes, publications, testimony, charts, and tables.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Comments on Whether a Federal Employee Can Use Government Resources To Support Reserve Activities]
Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO provided information on whether a federal employee on official duty, who is also a member of the National Guard or the armed forces Reserves, may conduct, and use agency office equipment to support, Guard or Reserve business. GAO held that: (1) agencies may permit their employees to use a limited amount of official time and agency resources to support the Guard or Reserves; (2) employees who are not in active military status and receiving military pay at the time that they perform the limited incidental service for their Guard or Reserve organization are not prohibited from using agency resources and official time to support those activities; (3) all agencies would appear to have some interest in furthering the governmental purpose of, and national interest in, the Guard and Reserves; (4) thus, some use of employee time and agency equipment to carry out limited, incidental Guard or Reserve functions falls within the parameters of activities that an agency may permit; and (5) it may be advisable for the Office of Personnel Management to provide general guidelines as to the amount of time and types of agency …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Compilation of Regulated Organic Constituents Not Associated with the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington
This report addresses the compilation of regulated organic consituents not associated with the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Wiemers, KD; Hallen, RT; Babad, H; Jagoda, LK & Meier, K
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A conservative evaluation of the transport of TCE from the confined aquifer beneath J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, to a hypothetical receptor.
Past disposal operations at the Toxic Burn Pits (TBP) area of J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, have resulted in volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination of groundwater. Although the contaminant concentration is highest in the surficial aquifer, VOCs are also present in the confined aquifer, which is approximately 30 m (100 ft) deep at the TBP area. This study focuses on the confined aquifer, a sandy valley-fill Pleistocene unit in a paleochannel cut into Cretaceous sands and clays. This report documents the locations of the region's pumping wells, which are over 6 km (4 mi) away from the TBP. The distances to the pumping wells and the complex stratigraphy limit the likelihood of any contamination reaching a receptor well. Nonetheless, a worst-case scenario was evaluated with a model designed to simulate the transport of trichloroethylene (TCE), the main chemical of concern, from the confined aquifer beneath the TBP along a hypothetical, direct flowpath to a receptor well. The model was designed to be highly conservative (i.e., based on assumptions that promote the transport of contaminants). In addition to the direct flowpath assumption, the model uses the lowest literature value for the biodegradation rate of TCE, a low degree of sorption, a …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Martino, L. E.; Patton, T. L. & Quinn, J. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cyclization Phenomena in the Sol-Gel Polymerization of a,w-Bis(triethoxysilyl)alkanes and Incorporation of the Cyclic Structures into Network Silsesquioxane Polymers
Intramolecular cyclizations during acid-catalyzed, sol-gel polymerizations of ct,co- bis(tietioxysilyl)aWmes substintidly lengtien gelties formonomers witietiylene- (l), propylene- (2), and butylene-(3)-bridging groups. These cyclizations reactions were found, using mass spectrometry and %i NMR spectroscopy, to lead preferentially to monomeric and dimeric products based on six and seven membered disilsesquioxane rings. 1,2- Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (1) reacts under acidic conditions to give a bicyclic drier (5) that is composed of two annelated seven membered rings. Under the same conditions, 1,3- bis(triethoxysilyl)propane (2), 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)butane (3), and z-1,4- bis(triethoxysilyl)but-2-ene (10) undergo an intramolecular condensation reaction to give the six membemd and seven membered cyclic disilsesquioxanes 6, 7, and 11. Subsequently, these cyclic monomers slowly react to form the tricyclic dirners 8,9 and 12. With NaOH as polymerization catalyst these cyclic silsesquioxanes readily ~aeted to afford gels that were shown by CP MAS z%i NMR and infr=d spectroscopes to retain some cyclic structures. Comparison of the porosity and microstructwe of xerogels prepared from the cyclic monomers 6 and 7 with gels prepared directly from their acyclic precursors 2 and 3, indicate that the final pore structure of the xerogels is markedly dependent on the nature of the precursor. In addition, despite the fact that the monomeric cyclic disilsesquioxane …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Alam, T.M.; Carpenter, J.P.; Dorhout, P.K.; Greaves, J.; Loy, D.A.; Shaltout, R. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Employment discrimination act]
A January 4, 1999 printout of House Bill no. 475 Employment Discriminations based on Sexual Orientations.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Maxey, Glen
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, January 4, 1999
Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Bush, Kent
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fabrication of a simple materials system for study of Hg in a stainless steel.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is expected to employ a Hg target encased in a stainless steel. Little is known about the metallurgical behavior of this materials engineering system, which will occur in a service environment involving elevated temperatures and intense radiation. Under normal equilibrium conditions, however, Hg is known to be insoluble in and non-reactive with solid Fe and Cr but to form one or more intermetallics with Ni. Hg has been implanted into alloy 304L. For implantations at 400 and 500 C to a fluence of 3 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}2} sub-micron sized precipitates of Hg are formed, as judged, for example, from their solidification behavior on cooling during TEM observation. The formation of such a system of microtargets and possible studies employing them as in situ TEM specimens are discussed, which can provide useful empirical information in conjunction with SNS target development.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Allen, C. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility Study of Using High-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy for On-Line Monitoring and Product Control of the Glass Vitrification Process
A pulse-gating Raman spectroscopy setup was developed in this project. The setup was capable of performing in-situ high-temperature Raman measurements for glasses at temperatures as high as 1412 C. In the literature, high-temperature Raman measurements have only been performed on thin films of glass to minimize black-body radiation effects. The pulse-gating Raman setup allows making high-temperature measurements for bulk melts while effectively minimizing black-body radiation effects. A good correlation was found between certain Raman characteristic parameters and glass melt temperature for sodium silicate glasses measured in this project. Comparisons were made between the high-temperature Raman data from this study and literature data. The results suggest that an optimization of the pulse-gating Raman setup is necessary to further improve data quality (i.e., to obtain data with a higher signal-to-noise ratio). An W confocal Raman microspectrometer with continuous wave laser excitation using a 325 nm excitation line was evaluated selectively using a transparent silicate glass ad a deep-colored high-level waste glass in a bulk quantity. The data were successfully collected at temperatures as high as approximately 1500 C. The results demonstrated that the UV excitation line can be used for high-temperature Raman measurements of molten glasses without black-body radiation interference from the …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Windisch, C. F. Jr.; Piepel, G. F.; Li, H.; Elliott, M. L. & Su, Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final report on initial samples supplied by LLNL for task 3.3 binder burnout and sintering schedule optimisation
Sixteen of the twenty-one samples have been investigated using the scanning laser dilatometer. This includes all three types of samples with different preparation routes and organic content. Cracks were observed in all samples, even those only heated to 300 C. It was concluded that the cracking was occurring in the early part of the heat treatment before the samples reached 300 C. Increase in the rate of dilation of the samples occurred above 170 C which coincided with the decomposition of the binder/wax additives as determined by differential thermal analysis. A comparison was made with SYNROC C material (Powder Run 143), samples of which had been CIPed and green machined to a similar diameter and thickness as the 089 mm SRTC pucks. These samples contained neither binder nor other organic processing aids and had been kept in the same desiccator as the SRTC samples. The CIPed Synroc C samples sintered to high density with zero cracks. As the cracks made up only a small contribution to the change in diameter of the sample compared to the sintering shrinkage, useful information could still be gained from the runs. The sintering curves showed that there was much greater shrinkage of the Type …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Walls, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report on Initial Samples Supplied by LLNL for Task 3.3 Binder Burnout and Sintering Schedule Optimisation
Sixteen of the twenty-one samples have been investigated using the scanning laser dilatometer. This includes all three types of samples with different preparation routes and organic content. Cracks were observed in all samples, even those only heated to 300 C. It was concluded that the cracking was occurring in the early part of the heat treatment before the samples reached 300 C. Increase in the rate of dilation of the samples occurred above 170 C which coincided with the decomposition of the binder/wax additives as determined by differential thermal analysis. A comparison was made with SYNROC C material (Powder Run 143), samples of which had been CIPed and green machined to a similar diameter and thickness as the 089mm SRTC pucks. These samples contained neither binder nor other organic processing aids and had been kept in the same desiccator as the SRTC samples. The CIPed Synroc C samples sintered to high density with zero cracks. As the cracks made up only a small contribution to the change in diameter of the sample compared to the sintering shrinkage, useful information could still be gained from the runs. The sintering curves showed that there was much greater shrinkage of the Type III …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Walls, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Foreign and Defense Policy: Key Issues in the 106th Congress
This report lays out foreign and defense policy issues likely to receive attention in the 106th Congress, either in oversight or in enacting legislation. The report discusses the U.S. role in the world, and addresses tools available to Members to affect foreign and defense policy, including: the use of military force, foreign assistance, foreign policy sanctions, export controls, participation in the United Nations, and oversight of the State Department.
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Rennack, Dianne E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Temperature Dynamic Hohlraums on the Pulsed Power Driver Z
In the concept of the dynamic hohlraum an imploding z-pinch is optically thick to its own radiation. Radiation may be trapped inside the pinch to give a radiation temperature inside the pinch greater than that outside the pinch. The radiation is typically produced by colliding an outer Z-pinch liner onto an inner liner. The collision generates a strongly radiating shock, and the radiation is trapped by the outer liner. As the implosion continues after the collision the radiation temperature may continue to increase due to ongoing PdV (pressure times change in volume) work done by the implosion. In principal the radiation temperature may increase to the point at which the outer liner burns through, becomes optically thin, and no longer traps the radiation. One application of the dynamic hohlraum is to drive an ICF (inertial confinement fusion) pellet with the trapped radiation field. Members of the dynamic hohlraum team at Sandia National Labs have used the pulsed power driver Z (20 LMA, 100 ns) to create a dynamic hohlraum with temperature linearly ramping from 100 to 180 eV over 5 ns. On this shot zp214 a nested tungsten wire array of 4 and 2 cm diameters with masses of 2 …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Armijo, J.; Chandler, G.A.; Cooper, G.; Derzon, M.S.; Fehl, D.; Gilliland, T. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impact of radioactive waste heat on soil temperatures
Consideration of the impact of radioactive waste heat is necessary for many aspects of potential repository design. Waste heat will alter the mineralogy of the host rock, and may change the character of the zeolitic units below the potential repository that are likely to be the primary natural barriers to radionuclide migration. The impact of waste heat on the near-surface temperature within the soil zone is the focus of the present study. Since 1990, the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB) has raised the issue of potential impacts on the aboveground ecosystem from increases in soil temperatures. This study is a first step toward understanding the relevant heat transfer processes that controls the near-surface thermal regime and to place bounds on the expected timing and magnitude of the temperature rise. Two-dimensional, site scale thermohydrologic calculations will be used to simulate the large-scale thermohydrologic processes that will feed heat to the soil zone. The potential influence of this heat on soil-zone temperatures will then be examined in a series of simplified one-dimensional model calculations. In future efforts the measured soil-zone temperature variations in the air will be used to calibrate the model, which will tighten the bounds on the possible temperature …
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
Robinson, B. A.; Gable, C. W. & Lowman, J. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inspectors General: Information on Operational and Staffing Issues
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO surveyed inspectors general (IG) to obtain: (1) information on their organizational structure, staffing, and workload; and (2) their views on current policy issues affecting them."
Date:
January 4, 1999
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library