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Technologies and policies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from the U. S. automobile and light truck fleet.
The message conveyed by the above discussion is that there are no shortages of technologies available to improve the fuel efficiency of the U.S. fleet of autos and light trucks. It clearly is technically feasible to improve greatly the fuel economy of the average new light-duty vehicle. Many of these technologies require tradeoffs, however, that manufacturers are unwilling or (as yet) unable to make in today's market and regulatory environment. These tradeoffs involve higher costs (that might be reduced substantially over time with learning and economies of scale), technical risk and added complexity, emissions concerns (especially for direct injection engines, and especially with respect to diesel engine technology), and customer acceptance issues. Even with current low U.S. oil prices, however, many of these technologies may find their way into the U.S. market, or increase their market share, as a consequence of their penetration of European and Japanese markets with their high gasoline prices. Automotive technology is ''fungible'' that is, it can be easily transported from one market to another. Nevertheless, it probably is unrealistic to expect substantial increases in the average fuel economy of the U.S. light-duty fleet without significant changes in the market. Without such changes, the technologies that …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Plotkin, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND FEASIBILITY EVALUATION OF NATURAL GAS ENERGY FLOW MEASUREMENT ALTERNATIVES
Deregulation and open access in the natural gas pipeline industry has changed the gas business environment towards greater reliance on local energy flow rate measurement. What was once a large, stable, and well-defined source of natural gas is now a composite from many small suppliers with greatly varying gas compositions. Unfortunately, the traditional approach to energy flow measurement [using a gas chromatograph (GC) for composition assay in conjunction with a flow meter] is only cost effective for large capacity supplies (typically greater than 1 to 30 million scfd). A less costly approach will encourage more widespread use of energy measurement technology. In turn, the US will benefit from tighter gas inventory control, more efficient pipeline and industrial plant operations, and ultimately lower costs to the consumer. An assessment of the state and direction of technology for natural gas energy flow rate measurement is presented. The alternative technologies were ranked according to their potential to dramatically reduce capital and operating and maintenance (O and M) costs, while improving reliability and accuracy. The top-ranked technologies take an unconventional inference approach to the energy measurement problem. Because of that approach, they will not satisfy the fundamental need for composition assay, but have great …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
II, Kendricks A. Behring; Kelner, Eric; Minachi, Ali; Sparks, Cecil R.; Morrow, Thomas B. & Svedeman, Steven J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tensor Analyzing Powers for Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering from Deuterium
We report on a first measurement of tensor analyzing powers in quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering at an average three-momentum transfer of 1.7 fm{sup -1}. Data sensitive to the spin-dependent nucleon density in the deuteron were obtained for missing momenta up to 150 MeV/c with a tensor polarized {sup 2}H target internal to an electron storage ring. The data are well described by a calculation that includes the effects of final-state interaction, meson-exchange and isobar currents, and leading-order relativistic contributions.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Zhou, Z.-L.; Bouwhuis, M.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Passchier, E.; Alarcon, R.; Anghinolfi, M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Texas Construction and Maintenance Report: January 1999
Monthly report documenting contracts for road construction and maintentance in Texas, organized by county and district. It includes information about each project including contractor, dates, costs, and other relevant data.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Texas. Department of Transportation. Construction Division.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Texas Register, Volume 24, Number 1, Pages 1-223, January 1, 1999
A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Texas Stonewall Democratic Caucus Expenses by Vendor Detail]
Expenses by vendor detail with a total of $5,346.81 from January 1, 1999 through March 29, 2003. Handwritten note on the back that reads: "Pre-typed originals."
Date:
[1999-01-01..2003-03-29]
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal Discharges from Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Outfalls: Impacts on Stream Temperatures and Fauna of Little Bayou and Big Bayou Creeks
The development of a biological monitoring plan for the receiving streams of the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) began in the late 1980s, because of an Agreed Order (AO) issued in September 1987 by the Kentucky Division of Water (KDOW). Five years later, in September 1992, more stringent effluent limitations were imposed upon the PGDP operations when the KDOW reissued Kentucky Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit No. KY 0004049. This action prompted the US Department of Energy (DOE) to request a stay of certain limits contained in the permit. An AO is being negotiated between KDOW, the United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC), and DOE that will require that several studies be conducted, including this stream temperature evaluation study, in an effort to establish permit limitations. All issues associated with this AO have been resolved, and the AO is currently being signed by all parties involved. The proposed effluent temperature limit is 89 F (31.7C) as a mean monthly temperature. In the interim, temperatures are not to exceed 95 F (35 C) as a monthly mean or 100 F (37.8 C) as a daily maximum. This study includes detailed monitoring of instream temperatures, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, fish communities, and a laboratory …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Roy, W.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermoacoustic Engines and Refrigerators: A Short Course
None
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Swift, G.W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Top Quark Production and Decay Measurements from CDF
The CDF collaboration is completing a number of studies on the top quark, based on samples collected during Run I of the Tevatron Collider. The production and decay properties of the top quark are being examined in most of the t {anti t} decay channels, and many of these results have recently been published. The study of the top quark has moved beyond measurements of its mass and production cross section, to detailed studies of W polarization in top decays, single top production, branching fractions, the W - t - b coupling, and search for rare decays.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Tollefson, K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS
This seventeenth quarterly report describes work done during the seventeenth three-month period of the University of Pittsburgh's project on the ''Treatment of Metal-Laden Hazardous Wastes with Advanced Clean Coal Technology By-Products.'' This report describes the activities of the project team during the reporting period. The principal work has focused upon new laboratory evaluation of samples from Phase 1, discussions with MAX Environmental Technologies, Inc., on the field work of Phase 2, giving a presentation, submitting a manuscript and making and responding to one outside contact.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
James T. Cobb, Jr.; Neufeld, Ronald D. & Agostini, Jana
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TRUPACT-II Hydrogen G-Valve Program Test Plan
This test plan describes the objectives, scope, participants, and components of the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) Hydrogen G-Value Program (GH2P). The GH2P builds on the experience, results, and experimental setup of the TRUPACT-II Matrix Depletion Program (MDP) to establish effective hydrogen G-values (G-values) for additional waste matrices. This plan details the experimental design and test matrices for experiments to measure the G-value for additional waste matrices, including first- and second-stage sludges at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, and molten salt extraction residues with varying amounts of residual moisture (i.e., unbound water). Data collected from the GH2P will be used to support an application to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for G-values and corresponding wattage limits for the TRUPACT-II payloads containing these waste matrices. The testing will also evaluate the ability to determine G-values on a waste stream basis.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Mroz, Eugene J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TUNABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR GAS SEPARATIONS
Poly 2-(3-thienyl)ethylacetate (PAET) was synthesized and solution cast as thin films to form dense membranes. These membranes are mechanically robust and are redox active, holding out promise as gas separation materials. The permeability properties of PAET membranes were evaluated for N{sub 2} (0.048 {+-} 0.008 Barrers), O{sub 2} (0.24 {+-} 0.02 Barrers), CH{sub 4} (0.081 {+-} 0.005 Barrers), and CO{sub 2} (1.4 {+-} 0.1 Barrers). The corresponding selectivity values ({alpha}) were: O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} = 5.1, CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} = 29, and CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} = 18.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Ferraris, J. P.; Balkus, K. J., Jr. & Musselman, I. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uniaxial Compression Experiments on PZT 95/5-2Nb Ceramic: Evidence for an Orientation-Dependent, ''Maximum Compressive Stress'' Criterion for Onset of the F(R1)()A(O) Polymorphic Phase Transformation
Some time ago we presented evidence that, under nonhydrostatic loading, the F{sub R1} {r_arrow} A{sub O} polymorphic phase transformation in unpoled PZT 95/5-2Nb ceramic began when the maximum compressive stress equaled the hydrostatic pressure at which the transformation otherwise took place. More recently, we showed that this simple stress criterion did not apply to nonhydrostatically compressed, poled ceramic. However, unpoled ceramic is isotropic, whereas poled ceramic has a preferred crystallographic orientation and is mechanically anisotropic. If we further assume that the transformation depends not only on the magnitude of the compressive stress, but also its orientation relative to some feature(s) of PZT 95/5-2Nb's crystallography, then these disparate results can be qualitatively resolved. In this report, we first summarize the existing results for unpoled and poled ceramic. Using our orientation-dependent hypothesis and these results, we derive simple arithmetic expressions that accurately describe our previously-observed effects of nonhydrostatic stress on the transformation of unpoled ceramic. We then go on to test new predictions based on the orientation-dependent model. It has long been known that the transformation can be triggered in uniaxial compression: the model specifically requires a steadily increasing axial stress to drive the transformation of a randomly-oriented polycrystal to completion. We …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Carlson, L.W.; Grazier, J.M.; Holcomb, D.J.; Montgomery, S.T. & Zeuch, D.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
USDOE/EPRI BIOMASS COFIRING COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT
During the period of October 1, 1998 through December 31, 1998, significant work was done in direct preparation for several cofiring tests. Major progress was made on several projects including cofiring at Seward (GPU Genco), Allen (TVA), and Bailly (NIPSCO). Most of the work was focused on construction activities at the Seward and Bailly Generating Stations. The conceptual design and feasibility study for gasification-based cofiring at the Allen Fossil Plant was completed. The feasibility study for cofiring at the Pirkey and Northeastern Generating Stations of Central and South West Utilities (C&SW) also was completed. This report summarizes the activities during the fourth calendar quarter in 1998--of the USDOE/EPRI Biomass Cofiring Cooperative Agreement. It focuses upon reporting the results of construction activities and related events.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Tillman, D. & Hughes, E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Use of a Beryllium Hopkinson Bar to Characterize In-Axis and Cross-Axis Accelerometer Response in Shock Environments
The characteristics of a piezoresistive accelerometer in shock environments have been studied at Sandia National Laboratories in the Mechanical Shock Laboratory. A beryllium Hopkinson bar capability with diameters of 0.75 in. and 2.0 in has been developed to extend our understanding of the piezoresistive accelerometer, in two mechanical configurations, in the high frequency, high shock environments where measurements are being made. The in-axis performance of the piezoresistive accelerometer determined from measurements with a beryllium Hopkinson bar and a certified laser doppler vibrometer as the reference measurement is presented. The cross-axis performance of the accelerometer subjected to static compression on a beryllium cylinder, static strain on a steel beam, dynamic strain on a steel beam (ISA-RP 37.2, Paragraph 6.6), and compressive shocks in a split beryllium Hopkinson bar configuration is also presented. The performance of the accelerometer in a combined in-axis and cross-axis shock environment is shown for one configuration. Finally, a failure analysis conducted in cooperation with ENDEVCO gives a cause for the occasional unexplained failures that have occurred in some applications.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Bateman, Vesta I. & Brown, Fred A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User`s information for the Monte Carlo burnup code monteburns
monteburns, a burnup computer code that uses the Monte Carlo technique, was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to be applied to a variety of nuclear design calculations (see accompanying paper on the development of monteburns). It is a fully automated burnup code that incorporates multiple irradiation steps and many other options. However, two of the most important aspects of developing a code are describing how to use it and benchmarking it. Thus, the operational aspects and benchmarking results from monteburns are discussed in this summary.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Trellue, H.R. & Poston, D.I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Using microstructure observations to quantify fracture properties and improve reservoir simulations. Final report, September 1998
The research for this project provides new technology to understand and successfully characterize, predict, and simulate reservoir-scale fractures. Such fractures have worldwide importance because of their influence on successful extraction of resources. The scope of this project includes creation and testing of new methods to measure, interpret, and simulate reservoir fractures that overcome the challenge of inadequate sampling. The key to these methods is the use of microstructures as guides to the attributes of the large fractures that control reservoir behavior. One accomplishment of the project research is a demonstration that these microstructures can be reliably and inexpensively sampled. Specific goals of this project were to: create and test new methods of measuring attributes of reservoir-scale fractures, particularly as fluid conduits, and test the methods on samples from reservoirs; extrapolate structural attributes to the reservoir scale through rigorous mathematical techniques and help build accurate and useful 3-D models of the interwell region; and design new ways to incorporate geological and geophysical information into reservoir simulation and verify the accuracy by comparison with production data. New analytical methods developed in the project are leading to a more realistic characterization of fractured reservoir rocks. Testing diagnostic and predictive approaches was an integral …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Laubach, S.E.; Marrett, R.; Rossen, W.; Olson, J.; Lake, L.; Ortega, O. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
UTSI/CFFF MHD PROGRAM COMPLETION AND RELATED ACTIVITY
Maintenance of the DOE CFFF facility was suspended, due to a stop work order issued in September 1998. Property accounting actions were continued on a minimum basis with university funding. No work was done on the environmental management and environmental restoration for the facility. Continued progress is reported on the five (5) high temperature superconductivity projects under Task 6. A cooperative group has been formed to facilitate the development of chemical processes for the manufacture of HTS superconductor wire. The group includes EURUS Technologies, Incorporated, Sandia National Laboratory, Clemson University, University of Houston and the National Magnet Laboratory. The ac loss project continues laboratory work in an effort to determine the optimum configuration for multiple conductor cables to minimize the ac loss. The cost/performance analysis concentrated on addressing comments on the draft Topical Report on the life cycle cost analysis of coated conductor manufacture by electron beam and PLD. Work on diagnostics for real time process control reported includes surface smoothness measurement by scatterometry, Raman scattering for real time determination of crystalline structure and oxygen content and atomic absorption measurements for control of stoichiometry in MOCVD deposition of YBCO.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Validation and Verification of Cmst-Cp Remote Surveillance Sensors
In its original form, this project was intended to utilize the capabilities of the Analytical Laboratory at Florida International University's Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (FIU-HCET) to carry out validation and verification of data obtained in the field for purposes of characterization, monitoring, and sensing in relation to closure and post-closure of various sites throughout the DOE complex. To do this, technologies were to be identified that had already been deployed and had produced field data. The role of the FIU-HCET Analytical Laboratory was considered first as part of a round robin team with other laboratories or, alternatively, to act as an objective third-party laboratory in evaluating validation data by others. Shortly after the onset of the project, FIU-HCET determined that specific deployed technologies were not readily identifiable. Thus, the direction of the project was changed to one in which the FKJ-HCET Analytical Laboratory would investigate DOE needs that require validation. These needs were examined primarily on the Internet, as listed by each specific site. In addition, needs having validation implications for regulatory agencies, such as the EPA, were also investigated. Furthermore, contact was made with laboratories with which the FIU-HCET Analytical Laboratory could act in a round robin or …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Ebadian, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Validation of KENO V.a Comparison with Critical Experiments
Section 1 of this report documents the validation of KENO V.a against 258 critical experiments. Experiments considered were primarily high or low enriched uranium systems. The results indicate that the KENO V.a Monte Carlo Criticality Program accurately calculates a broad range of critical experiments. A substantial number of the calculations showed a positive or negative bias in excess of 1 1/2% in k-effective (k{sub eff}). Classes of criticals which show a bias include 3% enriched green blocks, highly enriched uranyl fluoride slab arrays, and highly enriched uranyl nitrate arrays. If these biases are properly taken into account, the KENO V.a code can be used with confidence for the design and criticality safety analysis of uranium-containing systems. Section 2 of this report documents the results of investigation into the cause of the bias observed in Sect. 1. The results of this study indicate that the bias seen in Sect. 1 is caused by code bias, cross-section bias, reporting bias, and modeling bias. There is evidence that many of the experiments used in this validation and in previous validations are not adequately documented. The uncertainty in the experimental parameters overshadows bias caused by the code and cross sections and prohibits code validation …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Jordan, W. C.; Landers, N. F. & Petrie, L. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Waste Conditioning for Tank Heel Transfer
This report summarizes the research carried out at Florida International University's Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (FIU-HCET) for the fiscal year 1998 (FY98) under the Tank Focus Area (TFA) project ''Waste Conditioning for Tank Slurry Transfer.'' The objective of this project is to determine the effect of chemical and physical properties on the waste conditioning process and transfer. The focus of this research consisted in building a waste conditioning experimental facility to test different slurry simulants under different conditions, and analyzing their chemical and physical properties. This investigation would provide experimental data and analysis results that can make the tank waste conditioning process more efficient, improve the transfer system, and influence future modifications to the waste conditioning and transfer system. A waste conditioning experimental facility was built in order to test slurry simulants. The facility consists of a slurry vessel with several accessories for parameter control and sampling. The vessel also has a lid system with a shaft-mounted propeller connected to an air motor. In addition, a circulation system is connected to the slurry vessel for simulant cooling and heating. Experimental data collection and analysis of the chemical and physical properties of the tank slurry simulants has been emphasized. For …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Ebadian, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Watershed Evaluation and Habitat Response to Recent Storms : Annual Report for 1998.
Large and powerful storm systems moved through the Pacific Northwest during the wet season of 1995-96, triggering widespread flooding, mass erosion, and, possibly altering salmon habitats in affected watersheds. This project study was initiated to assess whether watershed conditions are causing damage, triggered by storm events, to salmon habitat on public lands in the Snake River basin.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Rhodes, Jonathan J. & Huntington, Charles W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-Ray Shawdowgraph Camera Design
An imagining camera that is used with X-Ray radiography systems in high explosive experiments has been built and fielded. The camera uses a 40mm diameter Micro-Channel Plate Itensifier (MCPI) for optical gain and photographic film for image recording. In the normal location of the X-ray film pack, a scintillating screen is placed instead. The camera system views the screen and records the image. The sensitivity of the MCPI to light makes the camera design sensitive to small details that a film pack does not need to consider. The X-ray image recording system was designed and bulit for situations where the film pack of the X-ray shadowgraph is not retrievable after the experiment. The system has been used in a number of experiments.
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
McCrea, Edward J.; Doman, Michael J. & Rohde, Randy A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Yucca Mountain drift scale test progress report
The Drift Scale Test (DST) is part of the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) Thermal Test being conducted underground at the potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The purpose of the ESF Thermal Test is to acquire a more in-depth understanding of the coupled thermal, mechanical, hydrological, and chemical processes likely to be encountered in the rock mass surrounding the potential geological repository at Yucca Mountain. These processes are monitored by a multitude of sensors to measure the temperature, humidity, gas pressure, and mechanical displacement, of the rock formation in response to the heat generated by the heaters. In addition to collecting passive monitoring data, active hydrological and geophysical testing is also being carried out periodically in the DST. These active tests are intended to monitor changes in the moisture redistribution in the rock mass, to collect water and gas samples for chemical and isotopic analysis, and to detect microfiacturing due to heating. On December 3, 1998, the heaters in the DST were activated. The planned heating phase of the DST is 4 years, and the cooling phase following the power shutoff will be of similar duration. The present report summarizes interpretation and analysis of thermal, hydrological, chemical, …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
Apps, J.; Birkholzer, J.T.; Peterson, J. E.; Sonnenthal, E.; Spycher, N.; Tsang, Y. W. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library