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The 110 GHz Gyrotron System on DIII-D: Gyrotron Tests and Physics Results (open access)

The 110 GHz Gyrotron System on DIII-D: Gyrotron Tests and Physics Results

The DIII-D tokamak has installed a system with three gyrotrons at the 1 MW level operating at 110 GHz. Physics experiments on electron cyclotron current drive, heating, and transport have been performed. Good efficiency has been achieved both for on-axis and off-axis current drive with relevance for control of the current density profile leading to advanced regimes of tokamak operation, although there is a difference between off-axis ECCD efficiency inside and outside the magnetic axis. Heating efficiency is excellent and electron temperatures up to 10 keV have been achieved. The gyrotron system is versatile, with poloidal scan and control of the polarization of the injected rf beam. Phase correcting mirrors form a Gaussian beam and focus it into the waveguide. Both perpendicular and oblique launch into the tokamak have been used. Three different gyrotron designs are installed and therefore unique problems specific to each have been encountered, including parasitic oscillations, mode hops during modulation and polarization control problems. Two of the gyrotrons suffered damage during operations, one due to filament failure and one due to a vacuum leak. The repairs and subsequent testing will be described. The transmission system uses evacuated, windowless waveguide and the three gyrotrons have output windows …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Lohr, J.; Calahan, P.; Callis, R. W.; Chu, T. S.; deGrassie, J. S.; Gorelov, I. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1999 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study. (open access)

1999 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.

The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book) is published annually by BPA and establishes the planning basis for supplying electricity to customers. It serves a dual purpose. First, the White Book presents projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. Second, the White Book serves as a benchmark for annual BPA determinations made pursuant to its regional power sales contracts. Specifically, BPA uses the information in the White Book for determining the notice required when customers request to increase or decrease the amount of power purchased from BPA. The White Book will not be used in calculations for the 2002 regional power sales contract subscription process. The White Book compiles information obtained from several formalized resource planning reports and data submittals, including those from the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An aerial radiological survey of the Nevada Test Site (open access)

An aerial radiological survey of the Nevada Test Site

A team from the Remote Sensing Laboratory conducted an aerial radiological survey of the US Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site including three neighboring areas during August and September 1994. The survey team measured the terrestrial gamma radiation at the Nevada Test Site to determine the levels of natural and man-made radiation. This survey included the areas covered by previous surveys conducted from 1962 through 1993. The results of the aerial survey showed a terrestrial background exposure rate that varied from less than 6 microroentgens per hour (mR/h) to 50 mR/h plus a cosmic-ray contribution that varied from 4.5 mR/h at an elevation of 900 meters (3,000 feet) to 8.5 mR/h at 2,400 meters (8,000 feet). In addition to the principal gamma-emitting, naturally occurring isotopes (potassium-40, thallium-208, bismuth-214, and actinium-228), the man-made radioactive isotopes found in this survey were cobalt-60, cesium-137, europium-152, protactinium-234m an indicator of depleted uranium, and americium-241, which are due to human actions in the survey area. Individual, site-wide plots of gross terrestrial exposure rate, man-made exposure rate, and americium-241 activity (approximating the distribution of all transuranic material) are presented. In addition, expanded plots of individual areas exhibiting these man-made contaminations are given. A comparison is made …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Hendricks, T J & Riedhauser, S R
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aktau Plastics Plant Explosives Material Report (open access)

Aktau Plastics Plant Explosives Material Report

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been cooperating with the Republic of Kazakhstanin Combined Threat Reduction (CTR) activities at the BN350 reactor located at the Mangyshlak Atomic Energy Complex (MAEC) in the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan since 1994. DOE contract personnel have been stationed at this facility for the last two years and DOE representatives regularly visit this location to oversee the continuing cooperative activities. Continued future cooperation is planned. A Russian news report in September 1999 indicated that 75 metric tons of organic peroxides stored at the Plastics Plant near Aktau were in danger of exploding and killing or injuring nearby residents. To ensure the health and safety of the personnel at the BN350 site, the DOE conducted a study to investigate the potential danger to the BN350 site posed by these materials at the Plastics Plant. The study conclusion was that while the organic peroxides do have hazards associated with them, the BN350 site is a safe distance from the Plastics Plant. Further, because the Plastics Plant and MAEC have cooperative fire-fighting agreements,and the Plastics Plant had exhausted its reserve of fire-fighting foam, there was the possibility of the Plastics Plant depleting the store of fire-fighting foam …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: CASE JR.,ROGER S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 219, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 219, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Alvin Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999 (open access)

The Alvin Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Application of stochastic and artificial intelligence methods for nuclear material identification (open access)

Application of stochastic and artificial intelligence methods for nuclear material identification

Nuclear materials safeguard efforts necessitate the use of non-destructive methods to determine the attributes of fissile samples enclosed in special, non-accessible containers. To this end, a large variety of methods has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and elsewhere. Usually, a given set of statistics of the stochastic neutron-photon coupled field, such as source-detector, detector-detector cross correlation functions, and multiplicities are measured over a range of known samples to develop calibration algorithms. In this manner, the attributes of unknown samples can be inferred by the use of the calibration results. The organization of this paper is as follows: Section 2 describes the Monte Carlo simulations of source-detector cross correlation functions for a set of uranium metallic samples interrogated by the neutrons and photons from a {sup 252}Cf source. From this database, a set of features is extracted in Section 3. The use of neural networks (NN) and genertic programming to provide sample mass and enrichment values from the input sets of features is illustrated in Sections 4 and 5, respectivelyl. Section 6 is a comparison of the results, while Section 7 is a brief summary of the work.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Pozzi, S. & Segovia, F.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ASH EMISSIVITY CHARACTERIZATION AND PREDICTION (open access)

ASH EMISSIVITY CHARACTERIZATION AND PREDICTION

The increased use of western subbituminous coals has generated concerns regarding highly reflective ash disrupting heat transfer in the radiant zone of pulverized-fuel boilers. Ash emissivity and reflectivity is primarily a function of ash particle size, with reflective deposits expected to consist of very small refractory ash materials such as CaO, MgO, or sulfate materials such as Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. For biomass fuels and biomass-coal blends, similar reflectivity issues may arise as a result of the presence of abundant organically associated calcium and potassium, which can transform during combustion to fine calcium, and potassium oxides and sulfates, which may act as reflective ash. The relationship of reflectivity to ash chemistry is a second-order effect, with the ash particle size distribution and melting point being determined by the size and chemistry of the minerals present in the starting fuel. Measurement of the emission properties of ash and deposits have been performed by several research groups (1-6) using both laboratory methods and measurements in pilot- and full-scale combustion systems. A review of the properties and thermal properties of ash stresses the important effect of ash deposits on heat transfer in the radiant boiler zone (1).
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Zygarlicke, Christopher J.; McCollor, Donald P. & Crocker, Charlene R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An assessment of the MCNP4C weight window (open access)

An assessment of the MCNP4C weight window

A new, enhanced weight window generator suite has been developed for MCNP version 4C. The new generator correctly estimates importances in either a user-specified, geometry-independent, orthogonal grid or in MCNP geometric cells. The geometry-independent option alleviates the need to subdivide the MCNP cell geometry for variance reduction purposes. In addition, the new suite corrects several pathologies in the existing MCNP weight window generator. The new generator is applied in a set of five variance reduction problems. The improved generator is compared with the weight window generator applied in MCNP4B. The benefits of the new methodology are highlighted, along with a description of its limitations. The authors also provide recommendations for utilization of the weight window generator.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Culbertson, Christopher N. & Hendricks, John S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Baseline Concentrations of Radionuclides and Trace Elements in Soils and Vegetation around the DARHT Facility: Construction Phase (1998) (open access)

Baseline Concentrations of Radionuclides and Trace Elements in Soils and Vegetation around the DARHT Facility: Construction Phase (1998)

The Mitigation Action Plan for the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory mandates the establishment of baseline concentrations for potential environmental contaminants. To this end, concentrations of {sup 3}H, {sup 137}Cs, {sup 90}Sr, {sup 238}Pu, {sup 239,240}Pu, {sup 241}Am, and {sup tot}U and Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Tl were determined in surface and subsurface soils, sediments, and vegetation (overstory and understory) around the DARHT facility during the construction phase in 1998 (this is the third of a four year baseline study). Also, volatile (VOC) and semivolatile (SVOC) organic compounds were measured in soils and sediments. Most radionuclides and trace metals in soil, sediment, and vegetation were similar to past years at DARHT and were within regional background concentrations. Exceptions were concentrations of {sup 90}Sr, Be, Ba, and total U in some samples--these elements exceeded upper limit regional background concentrations (e.g., >mean plus two std dev). No VOCs and very few SVOCs were detected in soils and sediments at DARHT. Mean ({+-} std dev) radionuclide and trace element concentrations measured in soil, sediment, and vegetation summarized over a three-year period (construction phase) are summarized.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Fresquez, P. R.; Ebinger, M. H.; Haagenstad, H. T. & L. Naranjo, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Baytown Connection (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 6, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999 (open access)

Baytown Connection (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 6, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999

Newspaper from Baytown, Texas published by the Exxon Corporation that includes news and information of interest to current and former employees of the Baytown facilities.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Pfennig, Glena
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 78, No. 27, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 78, No. 27, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
A benthic carbon budget for the Continental Slope off Cape Hatteras, NC (open access)

A benthic carbon budget for the Continental Slope off Cape Hatteras, NC

None
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Blair, Neal
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bill of Materials (BOM) for FEMIS Version 1.4.7 (open access)

Bill of Materials (BOM) for FEMIS Version 1.4.7

This document describes the hardware and software required for the Federal Emergency Management Information System version 1.4.7 (FEMIS v1.4.7) released by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Information included in this document about hardware and software requirements is subject to change.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Arp, Jonathan A.; Downing, Timothy R.; Gackle, Philip P.; Homer, Brian J.; Johnson, Daniel M.; Johnson, Ranata L. et al.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
The biogeochemistry of carbon in continental slope sediments: The North Carolina margin (open access)

The biogeochemistry of carbon in continental slope sediments: The North Carolina margin

The responses of the continental slope benthos to organic detritus deposition were studied with a multiple trace approach. Study sites were offshore of Cape Fear (I) and Cape Hatteras (III), N.C. (both 850 m water depth) and were characterized by different organic C deposition rates, macrofaunal densities (III>I in both cases) and taxa. Natural abundances of {sup 13}C and {sup 12}C in particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and macrofauna indicate that the reactive organic detritus is marine in origin. Natural abundance levels of {sup 14}C and uptake of {sup 13}C-labeled diatoms by benthic animals indicate that they incorporate a relatively young component of carbon into their biomass. {sup 13}C-labeled diatoms (Thalassiorsira pseudonana) tagged with {sup 210}Pb, slope sediment tagged with {sup 113}Sn and {sup 228}Th-labeled glass beads were emplaced in plots on the seafloor at both locations and the plots were sampled after 30 min., 1-1.5 d and 14 mo. At Site I, tracer diatom was intercepted at the surface primarily by protozoans and surface-feeding annelids. Little of the diatom C penetrated below 2 cm even after 14 months. Oxidation of organic carbon appeared to be largely aerobic. At Site III, annelids were primarily responsible for the …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Blair, N.; Levin, L.; DeMaster, D.; Plaia, G.; Martin, C.; Fornes, W. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Briggs State Bank]

Photograph of the Briggs State Bank in Briggs, Texas.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History
Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access (open access)

Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access

This report provides a select chronology of congressional and presidential actions and documents related to major budget events in calendar year 1999, covering the FY2000 budget. While the paper copy provides numerous Internet addresses, congressional offices can also use the Internet version of this report to access active links to appropriations and budget legislation, budget and economic data tables, pie charts, glossaries, selected testimony, publications, the President’s budget documents, and CRS products.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Watkins, Susan E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
CATDAT : A Program for Parametric and Nonparametric Categorical Data Analysis : User's Manual Version 1.0, 1998-1999 Progress Report. (open access)

CATDAT : A Program for Parametric and Nonparametric Categorical Data Analysis : User's Manual Version 1.0, 1998-1999 Progress Report.

Natural resource professionals are increasingly required to develop rigorous statistical models that relate environmental data to categorical responses data. Recent advances in the statistical and computing sciences have led to the development of sophisticated methods for parametric and nonparametric analysis of data with categorical responses. The statistical software package CATDAT was designed to make some of these relatively new and powerful techniques available to scientists. The CATDAT statistical package includes 4 analytical techniques: generalized logit modeling; binary classification tree; extended K-nearest neighbor classification; and modular neural network.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Peterson, James T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cat's Claw (Archer City, Tex.), Vol. 54, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999 (open access)

Cat's Claw (Archer City, Tex.), Vol. 54, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 1, 1999

Monthly student newspaper from Archer City High School in Archer City, Texas that includes news and information of interest to students along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Central Waste Complex (CWC) Waste Analysis Plan (open access)

Central Waste Complex (CWC) Waste Analysis Plan

The purpose of this waste analysis plan (WAP) is to document the waste acceptance process, sampling methodologies, analytical techniques, and overall processes that are undertaken for waste accepted for storage at the Central Waste Complex (CWC), which is located in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Facility, Richland, Washington. Because dangerous waste does not include the source, special nuclear, and by-product material components of mixed waste, radionuclides are not within the scope of this documentation. The information on radionuclides is provided only for general knowledge.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: ELLEFSON, M.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Centralized Collection and Disbursement of Child Support Payments (open access)

Centralized Collection and Disbursement of Child Support Payments

This report addresses Centralized Collection and Disbursement of Child Support Payments.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Solomon-Fears, Carmen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterizing the Fabric of the Urban Environment: A Case Study of Sacramento, California (open access)

Characterizing the Fabric of the Urban Environment: A Case Study of Sacramento, California

To estimate the impact of light-colored surfaces (roofs and pavements) and urban vegetation (trees, grass, shrubs) on meteorology and air quality of a city, it is essential to accurately estimate the fraction of various urban surfaces. In this report, we estimate the fabric of Sacramento by analyzing high-resolution (0.30-m) aerial color photographs of about 65 square km of the urban area. The analysis show that in downtown Sacramento, vegetation as seen from above the canopy covers 30% of the area, whereas roofs cover 23% and paved surface 41%. Under-the-canopy fabric consists of 52% paved surfaces, 26% roofs, and 12% grass. In the industrial areas, vegetation covers 8-14% of the area, roofs cover 19-23%, and paved surfaces cover 29-44%. The surface-type percentages in the office areas are 21% trees, 16% roofs, and 49% paved surfaces. In commercial areas,vegetation covers 5-20%, roofs 19-20%, paved surfaces 44-68%. Residential areas exhibit a wide range of percentages of surface-types . On average, vegetation covers about 36% of the area, roofs cover about 20%, and paved surfaces about 28%. Trees mostly shade streets, parking lots, grass, and sidewalks. Under the canopy the percentage of paved surfaces is significantly higher. In most non-residential areas, paved surfaces cover …
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Akbari, Hashen; Rose, L. Shea & Taha, Haider
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

[City National Bank]

Photograph of the City National Bank in Houston, Texas.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[City National Bank]

Photograph of the City National Bank in Houston, Texas.
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History