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Base program on energy related research. Quarterly report, August 1, 1993--October 31, 1993
Progress in four major research areas is summarized in this report. In the area of oil and gas, subtasks reported on are CROW process modeling and miscible-immiscible gas injection processes. Advanced systems applications research includes four subtasks: (1) development and optimization of a process for the production of a premium solid fuel from western U.S. coals, (2) development of an on-line alkali monitoring probe, (3) optimization of the recycle oil process for eastern oil shale, and (4) process support and development. Solid waste management and remediation of contaminated soils are reported on for the environmental technologies research area. Under applied energy science, heavy oil/plastics co-processing activities are described. Information supplied for each subtask includes an account status report, which includes budget and schedule data, and a brief project summary consisting of research objectives, accomplishments, and activities scheduled for the next quarter. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Base program on energy related research. Quaterly report, February 1, 1997--April 30, 1997
Progress in four major research areas is summarized in this report. In the area of oil and gas, subtasks reported on are miscible-immiscible gas injection processes, development of a portable data acquisition system and coalbed methane simulator, tank bottom waste processing using the TaBoRR Process, and bench-scale testing and verification of pyrolysis concept for remediation of tank bottoms. Advanced systems applications research includes design, assembly, and testing of a bench-scale fuel preparation and delivery system for pressurized application using coal fines. Five subtasks are reported on for the environmental technologies research area: (1) conditioning and hydration reactions associated with clean coal technology ash disposal/utilization, (2) remediation of contaminated soils, (3) the Syn-Ag Process: coal combustion ash management option, (4) the Maxi-Acid Process: in-situ amelioration of acid mine drainage, and (5) PEAC value-added project. Under applied energy science, heavy oil/plastics co-processing activities and fossil fuel and hydrocarbon conversion using hydrogen-rich plasmas are described. Information supplied for each subtask includes an account status report, which includes budget and schedule data, and a brief project summary consisting of research objectives, accomplishments, and activities scheduled for the next quarter. 2 tabs.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basis for low beam loss in the high-current APT linac
The present evidence that the APT proton linac design will meet its goal of low beam loss operation. The conclusion has three main bases: (1) extrapolation from the understanding of the performance of the 800-MeV LANSCE proton linac at Los Alamos, (2) the theoretical understanding of the dominant halo-forming mechanism in the APT accelerator from physics models and multiparticle simulations, and (3) the conservative approach and key principles underlying the design of the APT linac, which are aimed at minimizing beam halo and providing large apertures to reduce beam loss to a very low value.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Wangler, T. P.; Gray, E. R.; Krawczyk, F. L.; Kurennoy, S. S.; Lawrence, G. P.; Ryne, R. D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 145, No. 87, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 31, 1998
Semi-weekly newspaper from Bastrop, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
McAuley, Davis
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 53, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 31, 1998
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Dobbs, Gary
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Beam dynamics design of the 211 MeV APT normal conducting linac
This paper describes the normal conducting linac design that is part of the Accelerator for Production of Tritium (APT) project. The new version of PARMILA designed this linac. This linac accepts the beam from the 6.7 MeV radio frequency quadrupole without a separate matching section. At about 10 MeV, it has a smooth transition in the length of period from 8{beta}{lambda} to 9{beta}{lambda} in quadrupole focusing lattice. This adjustment of the period was needed to provide sufficient space for the quadrupole focusing magnets and beam diagnostic equipment. The linac consists of the coupled cavity drift tube linac up to 97 MeV and coupled cavity linac above 97 MeV.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Young, L. M.; Billen, J. H.; Takeda, H. & Wood, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beam dynamics simulation of the Spallation Neutron Source linear accelerator
The accelerating structure for Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) consists of a radio-frequency-quadrupole-linac (RFQ), a drift-tube-linac (DTL), a coupled-cavity-drift-tube-linac (CCDTL), and a coupled-cavity-linac (CCL). The linac is operated at room temperature. The authors discuss the detailed design of linac which accelerates an H{sup {minus}} pulsed beam coming out from RFQ at 2.5 MeV to 1000 MeV. They show a detailed transition from 402.5 MHz DTL with a 4 {beta}{lambda} structure to a CCDTL operated at 805 MHz with a 12 {beta}{lambda} structure. After a discussion of overall feature of the linac, they present an end-to-end particle simulation using the new version of the PARMILA code for a beam starting from the RFQ entrance through the rest of the linac. At 1000 MeV, the beam is transported to a storage ring. The storage ring requires a large ({+-}500-keV) energy spread. This is accomplished by operating the rf-phase in the last section of the linac so the particles are at the unstable fixed point of the separatrix. They present zero-current phase advance, beam size, and beam emittance along the entire linac.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Takeda, H.; Billen, J. H. & Bhatia, T. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beam dynamics simulations of the LANSCE linac
Detailed beam dynamics calculations of the LANSCE Linac have been performed using multi-particle simulation codes. The LANSCE accelerator produces both H{sup +} and H{sup {minus}} beams and is comprised of Cockcroft-Walton injectors, a 100 MeV drift-tube linac and an 800 MeV side-coupled linac. Several improvements to the simulations of H{sup +} and H{sup {minus}} beams have recently been made. These include the use of more accurate input distributions and a better estimate of beam neutralization in the low-energy beam transport. Better estimates of the accelerating fields in the drift-tube linac have also been determined through measurements and modeling. With these improvements better agreement has been achieved between the predictions and measurements of RMS beam parameters and beam losses for both beams. The details of the simulations along with predictions are presented in comparison with measurements for both H{sup +} and H{sup {minus}} beams.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Merrill, F. & Rybarcyk, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bench-scale demonstration of hot-gas desulfurization technology. Quarterly report, January 1--March 31, 1998
At the start of the current project, the DSRP (Direct Sulfur Recovery Process) technology was at the bench-scale development stage with a skid-mounted system ready for field testing. The process had been extended to fluidized-bed operation in the Stage 1 reactor. A preliminary economic study for a 100 MW plant in which the two-stage DSRP was compared to conventional processes indicated the economic attractiveness of the DSRP. Through bench-scale development, both fluidized-bed zinc titanate and DSRP technologies have been shown to be technically and economically attractive. The demonstrations prior to the start of this project, however, had only been conducted using simulated (rather than real) coal gas and simulated regeneration off-gas. Thus, the effect of trace contaminants in real coal gases on the sorbent and DSRP catalyst was not known. Also, the zinc titanate desulfurization unit and DSRP had not been demonstrated in an integrated manner. The overall goal of this project is to continue further development of the zinc titanate desulfurization and DSRP technologies by scale-up and field testing (with actual coal gas) of the zinc titanate fluidized-bed reactor system, and the Direct Sulfur Recovery Process.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beta contamination monitor energy response
Beta contamination is monitored at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) with portable handheld probes and their associated counters, smear counters, air-breathing continuous air monitors (CAM), personnel contamination monitors (PCM), and hand and foot monitors (HFM). The response of these monitors was measured using a set of anodized-aluminum beta sources for the five isotopes: Carbon-14, Technetium-99, Cesium-137, Chlorine-36 and Strontium/Yttrium-90. The surface emission rates of the sources are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with a precision of one relative standard deviation equal to 1.7%. All measurements were made in reproducible geometry, mostly using aluminum source holders. All counts, significantly above background, were collected to a precision of 1% or better. The study of the hand-held probes included measurements of six air gaps from 0.76 to 26.2 mm. The energy response of the detectors is well-parameterized as a function of the average beta energy of the isotopes (C14=50 keV, Tc99=85, Cs137=188, C136=246, and Sr/Y90=934). The authors conclude that Chlorine-36 is a suitable beta emitter for routine calibration. They recommend that a pancake Geiger-Mueller (GM) or gas-proportional counter be used for primarily beta contamination surveys with an air gap not to exceed 6 mm. Energy response varies about …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Bjork, C. W. & Olsher, R. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beta reduction factors for protective clothing at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Beta reduction factors (f{sub {beta}}) for protective clothing (PC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been determined for a variety of protective clothing combinations. Data was collected to determine the experimental f{sub {beta}} for several combinations of PCs under laboratory conditions. Radiation dose rates were measured with an open window Bicron{reg_sign} RSO-5 ion chamber for two distinct beta energy groups (E{sub max} = 1.218 {times} 10{sup {minus}13} J(0.860 MeV) and 3.653 {times} 10{sup {minus}13} J (2.280 MeV)). Data points determined, as the ratio of unattenuated (no PCs) to attenuated (PCs), were used to derive a set of equations using the Microsoft{reg_sign} Excel Linet function. Field comparison tests were then conducted to determine the validity of these beta reduction factors. The f{sub {beta}} from the field tests were significantly less than the experimental f{sub {beta}}, indicating that these factors will yield conservative results.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Franklin, G.L. & Gonzalez, P.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Big Lake Wildcat (Big Lake, Tex.), Vol. SEVENTY FOURTH YEAR, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 31, 1998
Weekly newspaper from Big Lake, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Werst, David
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Biological assessments for the low energy demonstration accelerator, 1996 and 1997
The Department of Energy (DOE) plans to build, install, and operate a Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LMA) in Technical Area 53 of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). LEDA will demonstrate the accelerator technology necessary to produce tritium, but is not designed to produce tritium at LANL. USFWS reviewers of the Biological Assessment prepared for LEDA insisted that the main drainage be monitored to measure and document changes to vegetation, soils, wildlife, and habitats due to LEDA effluent discharges. The Biology Team of ESH-20 (LANL`s Ecology Group) has performed these monitoring activities during 1996 and 1997 to document baseline conditions before LEDA released significant effluent discharges. Quarterly monitoring of the outfall which will discharge LEDA blowdown effluent had one exceedance of permitted parameters, a high chlorine discharge that was quickly remedied. Samples from 12 soil pits in the drainage area contained no hydric indicators, such as organic matter in the upper layers, streaking, organic pans, and oxidized rhizospheres. Vegetation transacts in the meadows that LEDA discharges will flow through contained 44 species of herbaceous plants, all upland taxa. Surveys of resident birds, reptiles, and amphibians documented a fauna typical of local dry canyons. No threatened or endangered species inhabit the …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Cross, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bioremediation of Uranium Contaminated Soils and Wastes
Contamination of soils, water, and sediments by radionuclides and toxic metals from uranium mill tailings, nuclear fuel manufacturing and nuclear weapons production is a major concern. Studies of the mechanisms of biotransformation of uranium and toxic metals under various microbial process conditions has resulted in the development of two treatment processes: (1) stabilization of uranium and toxic metals with reduction in waste volume and (2) removal and recovery of uranium and toxic metals from wastes and contaminated soils. Stabilization of uranium and toxic metals in wastes is accomplished by exploiting the unique metabolic capabilities of the anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium sp. The radionuclides and toxic metals are solubilized by the bacteria directly by enzymatic reductive dissolution, or indirectly due to the production of organic acid metabolites. The radionuclides and toxic metals released into solution are immobilized by enzymatic reductive precipitation, biosorption and redistribution with stable mineral phases in the waste. Non-hazardous bulk components of the waste volume. In the second process uranium and toxic metals are removed from wastes or contaminated soils by extracting with the complexing agent citric acid. The citric-acid extract is subjected to biodegradation to recover the toxic metals, followed by photochemical degradation of the uranium citrate complex …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Francis, A. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Blast furnace stove control
This paper outlines the process model and model-based control techniques implemented on the hot blast stoves for the No. 7 Blast Furnace at the Inland Steel facility in East Chicago, Indiana. A detailed heat transfer model of the stoves is developed. It is then used as part of a predictive control scheme to determine the minimum amount of fuel necessary to achieve the blast air requirements. The controller also considers maximum and minimum temperature constraints within the stove.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Muske, Kenneth R.; Hanson, Glen A.; Howse, James W.; Cagliostro, Dominic J. & Chaubal, Pinakin C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculation and interpretation of crustal shortening along the Central Basin Platform, West Texas: A method to calculate basement motion for modeling input
The analysis carried out in the Chemical Interaction of Rocks and Fluids Basin (CIRFB) model describes the chemical and physical evolution of the entire system. One aspect of this is the deformation of the rocks, and its treatment with a rigorous flow and rheological model. This type of analysis depends on knowing the state of the model domain`s boundaries as functions of time. In the Andrews and Ector County areas of the Central Basin Platform of West Texas, the authors calculate this shortening with a simple interpretation of the basic motion and a restoration of the Ellenburger formation. Despite its simplicity, this calculation reveals two distinct periods of shortening/extension, a relatively uniform directionality to all the deformation, and the localization of deformation effects to the immediate vicinities of the major faults in the area. Conclusions are drawn regarding the appropriate expressions of these boundary conditions in the CIRFB model and possible implications for exploration.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Hoak, T. E.; Sundberg, K. R. & Ortoleva, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calorimetric sensors for energy deposition measurements
A calorimetric sensor with several novel design features has been developed. These sensors will provide an accurate sampling of thermal power density and energy deposition from proton beams incident on target components of accelerator-based systems, such as the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project (APT) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). A small, solid slug (volume = 0.347 cc) of target material is suspended by kevlar fibers and surrounded by an adiabatic enclosure in an insulating vacuum canister of stainless steel construction. The slug is in thermal contact with a low-mass, calibrated, 100-k{Omega} thermistor. Power deposition caused by the passage of radiation through the slug is calculated from the rate of temperature rise of the slug. The authors have chosen slugs composed of Pb, Al, and LiAl.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Langenbrunner, J.; Cooper, R. & Morgan, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Canadian Record (Canadian, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 53, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 31, 1998
Weekly newspaper from Canadian, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Ezzell, Nancy & Brown, Laurie Ezzell
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Capacitive charging system for high power battery charging
This document describes a project to design, build, demonstrate, and document a Level 3 capacitive charging system, and it will be based on the existing PEZIC prototype capacitive coupler. The capacitive coupler will be designed to transfer power at a maximum of 600 kW, and it will transfer power by electric fields. The power electronics will transfer power at 100 kW. The coupler will be designed to function with future increases in the power electronics output power and increases in the amp/hours capacity of sealed batteries. Battery charging algorithms will be programmed into the control electronics. The finished product will be a programmable battery charging system capable of transferring 100 kW via a capacitive coupler. The coupler will have a low power loss of less than 25 watts when transferring 240 kW (400 amps). This system will increase the energy efficiency of high power battery charging, and it will enhance mobility by reducing coupler failures. The system will be completely documented. An important deliverable of this project is information. The information will be distributed to the Army`s TACOM-TARDEC`s Advanced Concept Group, and it will be distributed to commercial organizations by the Society of Automotive Engineers. The information will be valuable …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carbon based prosthetic devices
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The project objective was to evaluate the use of carbon/carbon-fiber-reinforced composites for use in endoprosthetic devices. The application of these materials for the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints of the hand was investigated. Issues concerning mechanical properties, bone fixation, biocompatibility, and wear are discussed. A system consisting of fiber reinforced materials with a pyrolytic carbon matrix and diamond-like, carbon-coated wear surfaces was developed. Processes were developed for the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of pyrolytic carbon into porous fiber preforms with the ability to tailor the outer porosity of the device to provide a surface for bone in-growth. A method for coating diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the articulating surface by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was developed. Preliminary results on mechanical properties of the composite system are discussed and initial biocompatibility studies were performed.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Devlin, D.J.; Carroll, D.W.; Barbero, R.S.; Archuleta, T.; Klawitter, J.J.; Ogilvie, W. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carbon fluxes in a managed pine forest under ambient and elevated CO{sub 2}
The primary objective of this study is to estimate CO{sub 2} fluxes (F{sub CO{sub 2}}) under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2}, and varying environmental conditions. Additional objectives are to: (2) quantify canopy conductance and evaluate the hypothesis that canopy conductance will not be altered by elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} because reduction in leaf conductance is compensated by increased leaf area index, and (3) quantify the effect of elevated CO{sub 2} on aboveground production and apparent allocation of carbon below ground. In order to achieve the primary objective, the authors propose a modification to a methodology proposed earlier which emphasized leaf level measurements.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Oren, R.; Katul, G.; Schafer, K.; Hsieh, C.I.; Ellsworth, D. & Hendrey, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic conversion of light alkanes. Final report, January 1, 1990--October 31, 1994
During the course of the first three years of the Cooperative Agreement (Phase I-III), we uncovered a family of metal perhaloporphyrin complexes which had unprecedented activity for the selective air-oxidation of fight alkanes to alcohols. The reactivity of fight hydrocarbon substrates with air or oxygen was in the order: isobutane>propane>ethane>methane, in accord with their homolytic bond dissociation energies. Isobutane was so reactive that the proof-of concept stage of a process for producing tert-butyl alcohol from isobutane was begun (Phase V). It was proposed that as more active catalytic systems were developed (Phases IV, VI), propane, then ethane and finally methane oxidations will move into this stage (Phases VII through IX). As of this writing, however, the program has been terminated during the later stages of Phases V and VI so that further work is not anticipated. We made excellent progress during 1994 in generating a class of less costly new materials which have the potential for high catalytic activity. New routes were developed for replacing costly perfluorophenyl groups in the meso-position of metalloporphyrin catalysts with far less expensive and lower molecular weight perfluoromethyl groups.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic conversion of light alkanes phase II. Topical report, January 1990--January 1993
The Topical Report on Phase II of the project entitled, Catalytic Conversion of Light Alkanes reviews work done between January 1, 1990 and September 30, 1992 on the Cooperative Agreement. The mission of this work is to devise a new catalyst which can be used in a simple economic process to convert the light alkanes in natural gas to oxygenate products which can either be used as clean-burning, high octane liquid fuels, as fuel components or as precursors to liquid hydrocarbon transportation fuel. This Topical Report documents our efforts to design, prepare, characterize and test novel catalysts for the mild selective reaction of light hydrocarbons with air or oxygen to produce alcohols directly. These catalysts are designed to form active metal oxo (MO) species and to be uniquely active for the homolytic cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bonds in light alkanes producing intermediates which can form alcohols. Research on the Cooperative Agreement is divided into three Phases relating to three molecular environments for the active catalytic species that we are trying to generate. In this report we present our work on catalysts which have oxidation-active metals in polyoxoanions (PHASE II).
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic conversion of light alkanes - phase V. Topical report, February 1993--October 1994
We have made excellent progress toward a practical route from field butanes to MTBE, the oxygenate of choice for high-octane, clean-burning, environmentally acceptable reformulated gasoline. We have evaluated two proprietary process possibilities with a potential commercial partner and have conducted a joint catalyst evaluation program. The first of the two potential processes considered during the past quarter utilizes a two-step route from isobutane to tert-butyl alcohol, TBA. Not only is TBA an intermediate for MTBE production but is equally applicable for ETBE-an oxygenate which utilizes renewable ethanol in its` manufacture. In the two-step process, isobutane is oxidized in a non-catalytic reaction to a roughly equal mixture of TBA and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. TBHP, eq. 1. We have developed an inexpensive new catalyst system based on an electron-deficient macrocyclic metal complex that selectively converts TBHP to TBA, eq. 2, and meets or exceeds all of the process criteria that we have set.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library