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Global Climate Change: Reducing Greenhouse Gases - How Much from What Baseline? (open access)

Global Climate Change: Reducing Greenhouse Gases - How Much from What Baseline?

This report discusses the ways to reduce emissions of six greenhouses gases after the Kyoto meeting on Global Climate Change. Projecting the reductions that would be required if the U.S. were to ratify the treaty is difficult. While emissions of CO are fairly well established and account for 2 about 85% of total carbon equivalent emissions, emissions of the other gases, especially N O, are more uncertain.
Date: March 11, 1998
Creator: Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions About the Kyoto Protocol (open access)

Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions About the Kyoto Protocol

This report discusses the Kyoto Protocol and whether the United States is now legally bound by the Protocol, the legal implications of signing it, whether it could be implemented as an executive agreement without submission to the Senate, and whether the Protocol could be used as the legal basis for regulation of emissions even prior to ratification.
Date: April 10, 1998
Creator: Ackerman, David M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: A Concise History of Negotiations and Chronology of Major Activities Preceding the 1992 U.N. Framework Convention (open access)

Global Climate Change: A Concise History of Negotiations and Chronology of Major Activities Preceding the 1992 U.N. Framework Convention

This report discusses the ongoing international policy debate regarding Global Climate Change and U.S. involvement in the issue of global climate change.The report provides an historical context of the current debate, which is important in understanding the fundamental issues about global climate change.
Date: May 5, 1998
Creator: Morrissey, Wayne A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: Three Policy Perspectives (open access)

Global Climate Change: Three Policy Perspectives

This paper examines three reasonably distinct starting points from which a U.S. response to the 1992 U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change is being framed.
Date: August 31, 1998
Creator: Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Brief Summaries of Federal Animal Protection Statutes (open access)

Brief Summaries of Federal Animal Protection Statutes

This report contains brief summaries of federal animal protection statutes, listed alphabetically. It does not include treaties, although it does include statutes enacted to implement treaties. It includes statutes concerning animals that are not entirely, or not at all, animal protection statutes. For example, it includes a statute authorizing the eradication of predators, because one of the statute's purposes is to protect domestic and "game, animals; and it includes statutes to conserve fish, although their ultimate purpose may not be for the fishes' benefit. It also includes statutes that allow the disabled to use service animals, and even includes statutes aimed at acts of animal rights advocates (the Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992, and the Recreational Hunting Safety and Preservation Act of 1994).
Date: November 30, 1998
Creator: Cohen, Henry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species Act Amendments: An Analysis of S. 1180 and H.R. 2351 (open access)

Endangered Species Act Amendments: An Analysis of S. 1180 and H.R. 2351

Because of wide-spread interest in possible amendments to the Endangered Species Act (ESA), CRS has received numerous requests for an analysis and critique of S.1180 and H.R. 2351. This report analyzes those bills. HR. 2351 was introduced on July 31, 1997 and S. 1180 on September 16, 1997. Each bill is discussed under various topic headings. The Senate bill will be described first, since it has been reported.
Date: March 2, 1998
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela & Corn, M. Lynne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting (open access)

Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting

This report outlines the process and reasons for delisting or downlisting, and summarizes the 27 species delisted due to extinction, recovery, or data revision, and the 22 species that have been downlisted from endangered to threatened status due to stabilized or improving populations.
Date: January 5, 1998
Creator: Noecker, Robert J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Line Item Vetoes in the 105th Congress, First Session: A Finding Aid (open access)

Line Item Vetoes in the 105th Congress, First Session: A Finding Aid

None
Date: February 13, 1998
Creator: Anderson, J. Michael & Jimenez, Rita
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Child Nutrition Issues in the 105th Congress (open access)

Child Nutrition Issues in the 105th Congress

This report covers proposed and enacted legislative initiatives to change child nutrition programs (including the WIC program) during 1997 and 1998.
Date: June 18, 1998
Creator: Richardson, Joe
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crime Control Assistance Through the Byrne Programs (open access)

Crime Control Assistance Through the Byrne Programs

The statute provides that states receive and distribute block grant funds and that the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) of the U.S. Department of Justice awards discretionary grants for specified activities. Allocated largely on the basis of population, block grant funds are used for personnel, equipment, training, technical assistance, and information systems to improve criminal justice systems.
Date: May 20, 1998
Creator: Laney, Garrine P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Entitlements Debate (open access)

The Entitlements Debate

Federal entitlement programs make payments directly to recipients who meet eligibility criteria set by law. There are about 400 of them with Social Security being the largest. Generally, entitlement spending is not subject to control through annual appropriations, and once an entitlement program is established, its scope can be altered only by amending the law that created it.
Date: January 28, 1998
Creator: Koitz, David Stuart
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adult Education and Literacy: Current Programs and Legislative Proposals in the 105th Congress (open access)

Adult Education and Literacy: Current Programs and Legislative Proposals in the 105th Congress

This report summarizes current programs for adult education and literacy, provides a funding history, and analyzes major provisions of the legislative proposals being considered by the 105th Congress for amending adult education and literacy programs. Specifically, the report examines the provisions of H.R. 1385, the Employment, Training, and Literacy Enhancement Act of 1997, as passed by the House, and H.R. 1385, the Workforce Investment Partnership Act of 1998, as amended by the Senate (originally considered as S. 1186). Key issues include state and local administration issues, comprehensive state plan requirements, integration with other federal training and employment programs, and program performance standards. The report will be updated as legislative action occurs.
Date: June 17, 1998
Creator: Irwin, Paul M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Senate's Byrd Rule Against Extraneous Matter in Reconciliation Measures (open access)

The Senate's Byrd Rule Against Extraneous Matter in Reconciliation Measures

Reconciliation is an expedited process under the 1974 Congressional Budget Act used to change mainly entitlement and revenue laws in order to implement budget resolution policies.
Date: September 9, 1998
Creator: Keith, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for FY1998 (open access)

Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for FY1998

None
Date: May 4, 1998
Creator: Nowels, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access (open access)

Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access

This is a select chronology of, and a finding guide for information on, congressional and presidential actions and documents related to major budget events in calendar year 1998, covering the FY1999 budget. Brief information is provided for the President’s budget, congressional budget resolutions, appropriations measures (regular, continuing, supplementals, and rescissions), budget reconciliation, House and Senate votes, line-item vetoes, publications, testimony, charts, and tables.
Date: July 23, 1998
Creator: Bley, Mary Frances
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug Control: Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (open access)

Drug Control: Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control Policy

The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) was scheduled to sunset on September 30, 1997, but Congress approved ONDCP funding under the Treasury, Postal Appropriations Act, FY1998 (P.L. 105-61). Several measures have been introduced in the 105th Congress to reauthorize ONDCP. On October 21, 1997, the House passed H.R. 2610, as amended, the National Narcotics Leadership Act. On November 6, 1997, the Senate Judiciary Committee reported H.R. 2610, replacing the language of the House-passed version with a new version, the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act. On July 29, 1998, the Senate approved an amendment (S. Amdt. 3367/Hatch and Biden) to the Treasury, Postal Appropriations Act, FY1999 (S. 2312/Campbell) that differs from the House-passed version of H.R. 2610.
Date: August 26, 1998
Creator: Teasley, David
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ISTEA Reauthorization: Highway and Transit Legislative Proposals in the 105th Congress, 2nd Session (open access)

ISTEA Reauthorization: Highway and Transit Legislative Proposals in the 105th Congress, 2nd Session

This report discusses the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), programs which are continuing to operate on the basis of limited interim financing enacted in the closing moments of the 1st Session.
Date: March 6, 1998
Creator: Fischer, John W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY1999: District of Columbia (open access)

Appropriations for FY1999: District of Columbia

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on the District of Columbia.
Date: November 5, 1998
Creator: Noto, Nonna A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Functional Categories of the Federal Budget (open access)

Functional Categories of the Federal Budget

This report discusses the functional categories, which provide a broad statement of budget priorities and facilitate the analysis of trends in related programs regardless of the type of financial transaction or agency organization.
Date: March 23, 1998
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Spending Pipeline: Stages of Federal Spending (open access)

The Spending Pipeline: Stages of Federal Spending

Federal government spending involves a multi-step process in which budget authority is enacted and obligated, and outlays are generated. Budget authority is enacted in law; it provides federal agencies the legal basis to incur obligations. Obligations, which reflect such activities as employing personnel, entering into contracts, and submitting purchase orders, establish financial liabilities of the federal government. Outlays are payments that liquidate these obligations. This multi-step process can be illustrated as a spending pipeline
Date: April 23, 1998
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology (open access)

Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology

In its most elemental form, the federal budget is a comprehensive accounting of the government’s spending, revenues, and borrowing. This fact sheet provides a brief overview of the basic terminology and concepts used in the federal budget process.
Date: April 27, 1998
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Debt-Limit Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process (open access)

Debt-Limit Legislation in the Congressional Budget Process

The gross federal debt consists of the debt held by the public plus the debt held by government accounts. Almost all of the gross federal debt is subject to a public debt limit, as set forth in statute (31 U.S.C. 3101).This report considers legislation needed to change the public debt limit.
Date: May 8, 1998
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Consideration of the Budget Resolution (open access)

Consideration of the Budget Resolution

Consideration of a concurrent budget resolution is governed by special procedures in the House and Senate. Although the procedures of each chamber differ, they serve generally to expedite consideration of the budget resolution.
Date: May 29, 1998
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Budget: Social Spending Targets in the FY 1999 House Budget Resolution (open access)

Federal Budget: Social Spending Targets in the FY 1999 House Budget Resolution

None
Date: June 11, 1998
Creator: Nuschler, Dawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library