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Medicare: Financing the Part A Hospital Insurance Program
This report discusses Medicare, which consists of two distinct parts — Part A (Hospital Insurance (HI)) and Part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI)). Part A is financed primarily through payroll taxes levied on current workers and their employers. Income from these taxes is credited to the HI trust fund. Part B is financed through a combination of monthly premiums paid by current enrollees and general revenues. Income from these sources is credited to the SMI trust fund.
Date:
May 5, 1998
Creator:
O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Expansion: President Clinton's Proposals to Allow Coverage Before Age 65
This report discusses medicare expansion; President Clinton's proposal to allow people ages 62 through 64 to buy into Medicare if they do not have access to employer-sponsored or federal health insurance.
Date:
March 31, 1998
Creator:
Lyke, Bob; Fuchs, Beth C.; O'Sullivan, Jennifer & Smith, Madeleine T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Payments to Physicians
This report discusses payments for physicians services under Medicare that are made on the basis of a fee schedule.
Date:
January 28, 1998
Creator:
O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program
Over 93% of U.S. tobacco production is flue-cured and burley (both being cigarette tobacco types). These crops are particularly important to the agriculture of North Carolina (where flue-cured is grown) and Kentucky (where burley is grown). Together, these two states produce 65% of the total U.S. tobacco crop. The federal tobacco price support program is designed to support and stabilize prices for farmers. It operates through a combination of mandatory marketing quotas and nonrecourse loans. Marketing quotas limit the amount of tobacco each farmer can sell, which indirectly raises market prices. The loan program establishes guaranteed minimum prices. The law requires that the loan program operate at no net cost to the federal government. Apart from year-to-year budget impacts, no-net-cost provisions of the law are intended to assure that all loan principal plus interest will be recovered
Date:
July 6, 1998
Creator:
Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Compliance for Agriculture: Status and Policy Issues
This program, known as "conservation compliance," was amended in 1990 and 1996. This paper reviews the compliance concept, the program requirements, and the implementation record. It also introduces three policy topics: the effect of compliance on erosion rates and patterns; the effectiveness and flexibility of implementation; and the possible impact of changes to commodity policies enacted in the 1996 farm bill.
Date:
April 10, 1998
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco-Related Programs and Activities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Operation and Cost
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has long operated programs that directly assist farmers and others with the production and marketing of numerous crops, including tobacco. In most cases, the programs themselves are not controversial. Increasingly, however, where tobacco is involved, the use of federal funds is being called into question.
Date:
July 6, 1998
Creator:
Womach, Jasper
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): Status and Issues
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides farmers with financial and technical assistance to plan and implement soil and water conservation practices. EQIP was enacted in 1996 and most recently amended by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Section 2301 of P.L. 107-171). It is a mandatory spending program (i.e., not subject to annual appropriations), administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). EQIP is guaranteed a total of $6.1 billion from FY2002 through FY2007 from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), making it the largest conservation cost-sharing program.
Date:
March 2, 1998
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Advertising: The Constitutionality of Limiting its Tax Deductibility
None
Date:
March 4, 1998
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Marketing and Advertising Restrictions in S. 1648, 105th Congress: First Amendment Issues
None
Date:
April 8, 1998
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Issues: National Public Opinion
None
Date:
May 14, 1998
Creator:
Coleman, Kevin J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Programs: Sugar
This report discusses the federal sugar program, which authorized by the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 seeks to ensure the viability of the U.S. sugar producing sector primarily by supporting the incomes of sugar beet and sugarcane producers and of those firms that process each crop into sugar.
Date:
April 24, 1998
Creator:
Jurenas, Remy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Marketing and Advertising Restrictions in S. 1415, 105th Congress: First Amendment Issues
None
Date:
May 15, 1998
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Agriculture and the International Monetary Fund
Congress is considering legislation to provide supplemental resources to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to strengthen its ability to deal with future financial crises like those currently in Asia and in 1994-95 in Mexico. many in U.S.
Date:
July 6, 1998
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The U.S. Tobacco Industry in Domestic and World Markets
None
Date:
June 9, 1998
Creator:
Knight, Edward; Ayers, Patricia C. & Mayer, Gerald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Legislation in the 105th Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 1415, S. 1530, S. 1638, S. 1889, H.R. 3474, and H.R. 3868
None
Date:
August 19, 1998
Creator:
Redhead, C. Stephen & Austin-Lane, Joy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Control: Enforcement and Effectiveness of Federal and State Youth Access Laws
This report reviews recent efforts to limit youth access to cigarettes through enforcement of federal and state laws prohibiting tobacco sales to minors. Under the federal Synar Amendment, states must conduct compliance checks and enforce their minimum age-of-sale laws or risk losing block grant funds
Date:
August 19, 1998
Creator:
Redhead, C. Stephen & Austin-Lane, Joy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Farm Income: Recent National and Regional Changes and the Federal Response
Major segments of U.S. agriculture are experiencing declining farm income and financial difficulty. The degree of decline, however, differs among regions and commodities. In 1996, the overall farm sector experienced record high income that declined 6.7% in 1997, and is forecast to decline by another 3.6% in 1998. Several factors are responsible for the recent drop in farm income. Reduced export demand and large global supplies have reduced crop prices
Date:
December 15, 1998
Creator:
Heykoop, Jerry & Jones, Jean Yavis
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Agricultural Trade: Food Safety and Biotechnology Issues
The European Union (EU) is the second largest market for U.S. agricultural exports. The EU's ban on meat produced using growth-promoting hormones is a food safety issue that has been particularly contentious in U.S.-EU agricultural trade relations. EU policy on bio-engineered products has also been an issue. A World Trade Organization dispute settlement panel has ruled that the ban contravenes the EU's international obligations under the WTO, but left open the option to the EU to conduct a risk assessment of hormone-treated meat. Rules governing trade in bio-engineered products may become an issue in WTO agricultural trade negotiations scheduled to begin in 1999. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Date:
October 21, 1998
Creator:
Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Grazing Fees and Rangeland Management
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM, Department of the Interior) and the Forest Service (Department of Agriculture) manage approximately 70% of the 650 million acres of land owned by the federal government and many of these lands are classified as rangeland. Both agencies have well-established programs permitting private livestock grazing. The Administration issued new, controversial BLM rangeland management rules effective in August 1995. Supporters contended that the Administration's new rules were a step forward in sound resource management, but some believed they did not go far enough to protect rangelands and riparian areas. Many in the ranching community opposed the new rules, believing that they would ultimately reduce private livestock activity on federal lands, and increase operating costs. This report examines the debate over federal grazing management.
Date:
December 4, 1998
Creator:
Cody, Betsy A. & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Food and Agriculture Issues in the 105th Congress
This report examines various budget issues regarding food and agriculture in the 105th Congress, examining recent developments and then taking a look a the context of those developments.
Date:
December 28, 1998
Creator:
Jones, Jean Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality Standards: The Decisionmaking Process
The decisions by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1997 to revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and particulate matter refocused attention on the criteria and the process by which these decisions are made Tracing the steps of the decision pieces, this report identifies the statutory criteria established by the Congress and summarizes the administrative procedures the Agency follows in setting these standards and in reviewing them every 5 years.
Date:
June 24, 1998
Creator:
Blodgett, John E.; Parker, Larry & McCarthy, James E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality and the New Ozone NAAQS: The OTAG Process
The Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) represented a cooperative effort between states, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and numerous stakeholders to address teh complex issue of ozone transport. However, opponents of the new ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) argue that the OTAG recommendations are far too vague and ambiguous to be cited by EPA as a basis for implementation. This report provides background on the effort, and summarizes OTAG's assessment and recommendations.
Date:
July 30, 1998
Creator:
Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change: The Energy Tax Incentives in the President's FY1999 Budget
This report describes the Energy Tax incentives in the President's FY1999 budget regarding Global Climate Change.
Date:
March 4, 1998
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change Treaty: The Kyoto Protocol
Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specified, legally binding reductions in emissions of six "greenhouse gases." This report discusses the major provisions of the Kyoto Protocol.
Date:
July 31, 1998
Creator:
Fletcher, Susan R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library