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3D finite-difference seismic migration with parallel computers
The ability to image complex geologies such as salt domes in the Gulf of Mexico and thrusts in mountainous regions is essential for reducing the risk associated with oil exploration. Imaging these structures, however, is computationally expensive as datasets can be terabytes in size. Traditional ray-tracing migration methods cannot handle complex velocity variations commonly found near such salt structures. Instead the authors use the full 3D acoustic wave equation, discretized via a finite difference algorithm. They reduce the cost of solving the apraxial wave equation by a number of numerical techniques including the method of fractional steps and pipelining the tridiagonal solves. The imaging code, Salvo, uses both frequency parallelism (generally 90% efficient) and spatial parallelism (65% efficient). Salvo has been tested on synthetic and real data and produces clear images of the subsurface even beneath complicated salt structures.
Date:
November 1998
Creator:
Ober, C. C.; Gjertsen, R.; Minkoff, S. & Womble, D. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3d-Metal Doped into LiMn2O4 Thin Films
3d-metal (Me) doped LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering of Li[Mn{sub 1.9}Me{sub 0.1}]O{sub 4} targets in Ar + N{sub 2} and Ar + O{sub 2} gas mixtures and annealed at 750{degrees}C in O{sub 2} for 1 h. From XRD measurements, the structure of the Me-doped thin film was dependent upon the element and the deposition conditions. The doping level of Me/Mn of cubic phase was less than 0.1 by EDX measurements. The Ti-LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films exhibited a capacity close to theoretical for stoichiometric LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}. This improvement at 4 V comes at the expense of the capacity at 5 V. Cells with Ti-doped films exhibited the same low capacity fade as those with undoped LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathodes. Similar electrochemical changes were observed with the Cr- and Zn-LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films. The discharge capacities above 4.5 V for the Ni-doped films were about equal to those below 4.5 V, and the thin-film cells could be cycled reversibility between 3.5 and 5.3 V.
Date:
November 1, 1998
Creator:
Bates, J.B.; Ueda, A. & Zuhr, R.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3D Simulations of line emission from ICF capsules
Line emission from ICF implosions can be used to diagnose the temperature of the DT fuel and provides an indication of the distortion in the fuel-pusher interface. 2D simulations have provided valuable insights into the usefulness of argon and titanium dopants as diagnostics of instabilities. Characterizing the effects of drive asymmetries requires 3D modeling with large demands for computer time and memory, necessitating the use of parallel computers. We present the results of some 3D simulations achieved with a code utilizing both shared memory and distributed parallelism. We discuss the code structure and related performance issues.
Date:
October 1, 1998
Creator:
Langer, S.; Marinak, M. M. & Scott, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3He Neutral Current Detectors at SNO
The flux of solar neutrinos measured via charged and neutral current interactions can provide a model independent test of neutrino oscillations. Since the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory uses heavy water as a target, it has a large sensitivity to both interactions. A technique for observing the neutral current breakup of the deuteron using {sup 3}He proportional counters is described.
Date:
September 1, 1998
Creator:
Elliott, S. R.; Browne, M. C. & Doe, P. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
4th generation light source instrumentation.
This working group on 4th Generation Light Source (4GLS) Instrumentation was a follow-up to the opening-discussion on Challenges in Beam Profiling. It was in parallel with the Feedback Systems session. We filled the SSRL Conference Room with about 25 participants. The session opened with an introduction by Lumpkin. The target beam parameter values for a few-angstrom, self-amplified spontaneous emissions (SASE) experiment and for a diffraction-limited soft x-ray storage ring source were addressed. Instrument resolution would of course need to be 2-3 times better than the value measured, if possible. The nominal targeted performance parameters are emittance (1-2{pi} mm mrad), bunch length (100 fs), peak-current (l-5 kA), beam size (10 {micro}m), beam divergence (1 {micro}rad), energy spread (2 x 10{sup {minus}4}), and beam energy (10's of GeV). These are mostly the SASE values, and the possible parameters for a diffraction-limited soft x-ray source would be relaxed somewhat. Beam stability and alignment specifications in the sub-micron domain for either device are anticipated.
Date:
September 24, 1998
Creator:
Lumpkin, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
702AZ aging waste ventilation facility year 2000 test procedure
This test procedure was developed to determine if the 702AZ Tank Ventilation Facility system is Year 2000 Compliant. The procedure provides detailed instructions for performing the operations necessary and documenting the results. This verification procedure will document that the 702AZ Facility Systems are year 2000 compliant and will correctly meet the criteria established in this procedure.
Date:
July 22, 1998
Creator:
Winkelman, W. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
7th International Meshing Roundtable '98
The goal of the 7th International Meshing Roundtable is to bring together researchers and developers from industry, academia, and government labs in a stimulating, open environment for the exchange of technical information related to the meshing process. In the past, the Roundtable has enjoyed significant participation from each of these groups from a wide variety of countries.
Date:
October 1, 1998
Creator:
Eldred, T.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AA Fest. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present and Future. A Symposium in Honor of Professor Akio Arakawa
OAK-B135 AA Fest. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present and Future. A Symposium in Honor of Professor Akio Arakawa
Date:
January 20, 1998
Creator:
Ide, K. & Wakimoto, R. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AA Fest General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present and Future. A Symposium in Honor of Professor Akio Arakawa
On January 20-22, 1998, ''AA Fest. A Symposium on General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future'' was held at the North West Campus Auditorium of University of California, Los Angeles, in honor of Professor Ako Arawaka. The symposium consisted of two-and-a-half-day technical presentations, along with a banquet in the opening evening and a reception during the poster session of the second evening.
Date:
January 22, 1998
Creator:
Ide, Kayo
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ab initio and density functional studies of hydrocarbon adsorption in zeolites.
The adsorption energies of methane and ethane in zeolites are investigated with ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory. In this work we have used zeolite cluster models containing two, three, and five tetrahedral (Si, Al) atoms and have found equilibrium structures for complexes of methane, ethane, and propane with an acid site. If a large enough cluster is used and correlation effects are included via perturbation theory, the calculated adsorption energy for ethane is about 5 kcal/mol compared with the experimental value of 7.5 kcal/mol. The B3LYP density functional method gives a much smaller binding of {approximately}1 kcal/mol for ethane. The reason for the failure of density fictional theory is unclear.
Date:
August 21, 1998
Creator:
Curtiss, L. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ab Initio Calculation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Anisotropy Tensors 1. Influence of Basis Set on the Calculation of 31P Chemical Shifts
The influence of changes in the contracted Gaussian basis set used for ab initio calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phosphorous chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors was investigated. The isotropic chemical shitl and chemical shift anisotropy were found to converge with increasing complexity of the basis set at the Hartree-Fock @IF) level. The addition of d polarization function on the phosphorous nucIei was found to have a major impact of the calculated chemical shi~ but diminished with increasing number of polarization fimctions. At least 2 d polarization fimctions are required for accurate calculations of the isotropic phosphorous chemical shift. The introduction of density fictional theory (DFT) techniques through tie use of hybrid B3LYP methods for the calculation of the phosphorous chemical shift tensor resulted in a poorer estimation of the NMR values, even though DFT techniques result in improved energy and force constant calculations. The convergence of the W parametem with increasing basis set complexity was also observed for the DFT calculations, but produced results with consistent large deviations from experiment. The use of a HF 6-31 l++G(242p) basis set represents a good compromise between accuracy of the simulation and the complexity of the calculation for future ab initio calculations …
Date:
September 1, 1998
Creator:
Alam, T.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ABAREX -- A neutron spherical optical-statistical-model code -- A user`s manual
The contemporary version of the neutron spherical optical-statistical-model code ABAREX is summarized with the objective of providing detailed operational guidance for the user. The physical concepts involved are very briefly outlined. The code is described in some detail and a number of explicit examples are given. With this document one should very quickly become fluent with the use of ABAREX. While the code has operated on a number of computing systems, this version is specifically tailored for the VAX/VMS work station and/or the IBM-compatible personal computer.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Smith, A. B. & Lawson, R. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
About the realization of laser acceleration schemes based on plasmoids in r.f. wells
The laser acceleration of plasmoids is investigated theoretically. Preliminary studies suggest that this configuration, which is based on the forced oscillations of finite pieces of plasma contained in moving or vibrating r.f. wells, has very much simplified plasma physics compared to that of other plasma-based ion acceleration schemes. It is necessary to consider the case when the applied electric field, E, of frequency {omega}, is large, E {le} e/4{pi}{var_epsilon}{sub o}r{lambda}, where r is the Classical electron radius and when the plasma density, n, is high n < 1/r{lambda}{sup 2}. Realization of this proposal requires the development, among other things, of biresonant accelerating systems including oversized single-mode tue-like resonators and the connection of this resonator to a terawatt FELs. If these problems, which will be delineated, are overcome--and progress in optics gives one reason to believe they can be--then gradients of {approximately} 10 GeV/m can be attained. Preliminary design of a linac, based upon this proposal and of a proof-of-principle experiment are presented.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Sessler, A. M.; Wurtele, J. S.; Dzergach, A. I. & Kabanov, V. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absolute Intensities of the Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectra in a Metal-Etch Plasma Processing Discharge
In this paper we report absolute intensities of vacuum ultraviolet and near ultraviolet emission lines (4.8 eV to 18 eV ) for aluminum etching discharges in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. We report line intensities as a function of wafer type, pressure, gas mixture and rf excitation level. IrI a standard aluminum etching mixture containing C12 and BC13 almost all the light emitted at energies exceeding 8.8 eV was due to neutral atomic chlorine. Optical trapping of the WV radiation in the discharge complicates calculations of VUV fluxes to the wafer. However, we see total photon fluxes to the wailer at energies above 8.8 eV on the order of 4 x 1014 photons/cm2sec with anon- reactive wafer and 0.7 x 10 `4 photons/cm2sec with a reactive wtier. The maj ority of the radiation observed was between 8.9 and 9.3 eV. At these energies, the photons have enough energy to create electron-hole pairs in Si02, but may penetrate up to a micron into the Si02 before being absorbed. Relevance of these measurements to vacuum-W photon-induced darnage of Si02 during etching is discussed.
Date:
December 9, 1998
Creator:
Woodworth, J. R.; Blain, M. G.; Jarecki, R. L.; Hamilton, T. W. & Aragon, B. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absolute, soft x-ray calorimetry on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories
Simple and reliable x-ray fluence measurements, in addition to time-resolved diagnostics, are needed to understand the physics of hot Z-pinch plasmas. A commercially available laser calorimeter has been modified for measuring soft x-ray fluence from the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. The x-ray absorber of this calorimeter is an aluminum disk, attached to a two-dimensional thermopile and surrounded by an isoperibol shroud. The time-integral and the maximum of the thermopile voltage signal are both proportional to the x-ray energy deposited. Data are collected for 90 seconds, and the instrument has, thus far, been used in the 1--25 mJ range. A wider dynamic measuring range for x-ray fluence (energy/area) can be achieved by varying the area of the defining aperture. The calorimeter is calibrated by an electrical substitution method. Calibrations are performed before and after each x-ray experiment on the Z facility. The calibration of the time-integral of the thermopile voltage vs. energy deposited (or the peak of thermopile voltage vs. energy deposited) is linear with zero offset at the 95% confidence level. The irreproducibility of the calibration is <2%, and the imprecision in the measurement of the incident x-ray energy (inferred from signal noise and the calibration) is estimated …
Date:
May 1, 1998
Creator:
Fehl, D. L.; Muron, D. J.; Leeper, R. J.; Chandler, G. A.; Deeney, C. & Spielman, R. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absorbers for the high luminosity insertions of the LHC
At design luminosity and inelastic cross section {sigma}{sub pp} = 80mb there are 8 {times} 10{sup 8} inelastic collisions per second at the high luminosity interaction points IP1 and IP5 of the LHC. These interactions give rise to {approximately} 0.9 kW of power in collision products leaving an IP in each direction. The inelastic collision power carried off by neutrals, mostly neutrons and photons, in each direction and intercepted by neutral absorbers (TAN) has been estimated with the MARS13 code to be 210W. Similarly the collision power escaping the beam tube and incident on the front face of the inner triplet quadrupole absorber (TAS) has been estimated to be {approximately} 270W, mostly carried by charged pions and photons. Special purpose absorbers must intercept this power to prevent quenching the inner triplet quadrupoles (Q1 to Q3) and the twin aperture magnets outside the second beam separation dipole D2. Because of the high incident flux of collision products near zero degrees the absorbers are natural places to consider for the location of radiation hard gas ionization detectors which could be used for: (1) measurement of luminosity, (2) measurement of the beam transverse dimensions at the IP and (3) feedback control of the …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Turner, W. C.; Hoyer, E. H. & Mokhov, N. V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abstracted model for ceramic coating
Engineers are exploring several mechanisms to delay corrosive attack of the CAM (corrosion allowance material) by dripping water, including drip shields and ceramic coatings. Ceramic coatings deposited with high-velocity oxyfuels (HVOF� s) have exhibited a porosity of only 2% at a thickness of 0.15 cm. The primary goal of this document is to provide a detailed description of an abstracted process-level model for Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) that has been developed to account for the inhibition of corrosion by protective ceramic coatings. A second goal was to address as many of the issues raised during a recent peer review as possible (direct reaction of liquid water with carbon steel, stress corrosion cracking of the ceramic coating, bending stresses in coatings of finite thickness, limitations of simple correction factors, etc.). During the periods of dry oxidation (T 2 100°C) and humid-air corrosion (T I 100°C & RH < SO%), it is assumed that the growth rate of oxide on the surface is diminished in proportion to the surface covered by solid ceramic. The mass transfer impedance imposed by a ceramic coating with gas-filled pores is assumed to be negligible. During the period of aqueous phase corrosion (T I 100°C & …
Date:
November 14, 1998
Creator:
Farmer, J C & Stockman, C
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of computer programs and data libraries pertaining to photon production data
Abstracts, or descriptions, of computer programs and data libraries pertaining to Photon Production Data (Measurements, Evaluations and Calculations) maintained in the collections of the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA and at the OECD/NEA Data Bank, Paris, are collected in this document.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
White, J.E.; Manneschmidt, J.B.; Finch, S.Y. & Dickens, J.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of the third international conference on the solid-state lasers for application to inertial confinement fusion
None
Date:
June 12, 1998
Creator:
Lowdermilk, W H
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AC losses in Bi-2223 tapes and in the 1-kA transmission line model.
We present here results of our study of the 5-m-long AC transmission tine model with 1 kA current capability at 77 K. Primary attention was paid to the current characteristics and AC losses in individual tapes and in the core of the cable. The losses were measured as a function of AC magnetic field amplitude in various orientations of magnetic field with respect to the plane of the tape and filaments. Hysteresis losses were. close to the losses in the AC regime, meaning that eddy current losses in tapes may be neglected when compared with hysteresis losses. We designed and constructed a 5-m-long model of the AC transmission line using multi filamentary Bi-2223 tapes. The current core of the model contains 120 tapes for the forward line and 120 tapes for the backward line. The AC losses in the current core were substantially greater than those seen in the individual tapes. The reason for this is related to a complex magnetic field distribution inside the current core.
Date:
September 4, 1998
Creator:
Fisher, L. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AC Losses of Prototype HTS Transmission Cables
Since 1995 Southwire Company and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have jointly designed, built, and tested nine, l-m long, high temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cable prototypes. This paper summarizes the AC loss measurements of five of the cables not reported elsewhere, and compares the losses with each other and with theory developed by Dresner. Losses were measured with both a calorimetric and an electrical technique. Because of the broad resistive transition of the HTS tapes, the cables can be operated stably beyond their critical currents. The AC losses were measured in this region as well as below critical currents. Dresner's theory takes into account the broad resistive transition of the HTS tapes and calculates the AC losses both below and above the critical current. The two sets of AC 10SS data agree with each other and with the theory quite welL In particular, at low currents of incomplete penetration, the loss data agree with the theoretical prediction of hysteresis loss based on only the outer two Iayers carrying the total current.
Date:
September 13, 1998
Creator:
Demko, J.A.; Dresner, L.; Hughey, R.L.; Lue, J.W.; Olsen, S.K.; Sinha, U. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An AC phase measuring interferometer for measuring dn/dT of fused silica and calcium fluoride at 193 nm
A novel method for the measurement of the change in index of refraction vs. temperature (dn/dT) of fused silica and calcium fluoride at the 193 nm wavelength has been developed in support of thermal modeling efforts for the development of 193 nm-based photolithographic exposure tools. The method, based upon grating lateral shear interferometry, uses a transmissive linear grating to divide a 193 nm laser beam into several beam paths by diffraction which propagate through separate identical material samples. One diffracted order passing through one sample overlaps the undiffracted beam from a second sample and forms interference fringes dependent upon the optical path difference between the two samples. Optical phase delay due to an index change from heating one of the samples causes the interference fringes to change sinusoidally with phase. The interferometer also makes use of AC phase measurement techniques through lateral translation of the grating. Results for several samples of fused silica and calcium fluoride are demonstrated.
Date:
September 1, 1998
Creator:
Shagam, R.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerated Cleanup Risk Reduction
There is no proven technology for remediating contaminant plume source regions in a heterogeneous subsurface. This project is an interdisciplinary effort to develop the requisite new technologies so that will be rapidly accepted by the remediation community. Our technology focus is hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation (HPO) which is a novel in situ thermal technique. We have expanded this core technology to leverage the action of steam injection and place an in situ microbial filter downstream to intercept and destroy the accelerated movement of contaminated groundwater. Most contaminant plume source regions, including the chlorinated solvent plume at LLNL, are in subsurface media characterized by a wide range in hydraulic conductivity. At LLNL, the main conduits for contaminant transport are buried stream channels composed of gravels and sands; these have a hydraulic conductivity in the range of 10{sup -1} to 10{sup -2} cm/s. Clay and silt units with a hydraulic conductivity of 10{sup -1} to 10{sup -6} cm/s bound these buried channels; these are barriers to groundwater movement and contain the highest contaminant concentrations in the source region. New remediation technologies are required because the current ones preferentially access the high conductivity units. HPO is an innovative process for the in situ destruction of …
Date:
February 1, 1998
Creator:
Knapp, R. B.; Aines, R. M.; Blake, R. G.; Copeland, A. B.; Newmark, R. L. & Tompson, A. F. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerated Durability Testing of Electrochromic Windows
Prototype electrochromic windows made by several different U.S. companies have been tested in our laboratory for their long-term durability. Samples were subjected to alternate coloring and bleaching voltage cycles while exposed to simulated on 1-sun irradiance in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber with low relative humidity. The samples inside the chamber were tested under a matrix of different conditions. These conditions include: cycling at different temperatures (65 C, 85 C, and 107 C) under the irradiance, cycling versus no-cycling under the same irradiance and temperature, testing with different voltage waveforms and duty cycles with the same irradiance and temperature, cycling under various filtered irradiance intensities, and simple thermal exposure with no irradiance or cycling. The electro-optical characteristics of the samples were measured between 350 and 1,100 nm every 4,000 cycles for up to 20,000 cycles. Photographs of the samples were taken periodically wi th a digital camera to record cosmetic defects, the extent of residual coloration, and overall coloration and bleaching uniformity of the samples. Our results indicate that the most important cause of degradation is the combination of continuous cycling, elevated temperature, and irradiance. The relative importance of these variables, when considered synergistically or separately, depends on the particular device …
Date:
December 29, 1998
Creator:
Tracy, C. E.; Zhang, J. G.; Benson, D. K.; Czanderna, A. W. & Deb, S. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library