A method and apparatus for determining the instantaneous state-of-charge of a battery in which change in composition with discharge manifests itself as a change in optical absorption. In a lead-acid battery, the sensor comprises a fiber optic system with an absorption cdl or, alternatively, an optical fiber woven into an absorbed-glass-mat battery. In a lithium-ion battery, the sensor comprises fiber optics for introducing light into the anode to monitor absorption when lithium ions are introduced.

The work to improve the energy stability of the regenerative amplifier (`regen`) for the National Ignition Facility is described. This includes a fast feed-forward system, designed to regulate the output energy of the regen by monitoring how quickly a pulse builds up over many round trips. Shot-to-shot energy fluctuations of all elements prior to (and including) the regen may be compensated for in this way, at the expense of a loss of approximately 50%. Also included is a detailed study into the alignment sensitivity of the regen cavity, with the goal of quantifying the effect of misalignment on the output energy. This is done by calculating the displacement of the eigenmode by augmenting the cavity ABCD matrix with the misalignment matrix elements, E, F. In this way, cavity misalignment issues due to thermal loading of the gain medium are investigated. Alternative cavity designs, which reduce the alignment sensitivity and therefore the energy drift over periods of continuous operation, are considered. Alterations to the amplifier head design are also considered.

Payments by check are disbursed either through the payroll system or the Accounts Payable Master. Payments to persons with a valid employee number are processed through the payroll system. Payments to persons without valid employee number are processed through APM.

The integration between the PeopleSoft applications and Passport modules are accomplished with an off the shelf package developed by lNDUS. The product was updated to the PeopleSoft Release 7.O. The Integration product interacts with data from multiple products within Passport and PeopleSoft. For 10/l/98 the Integration will interlace between the following: (1) PassPort Accounts Payable, Contract Management, Inventory Management, Purchasing; and (2) PeopleSoft General Ledger, Project Costing, Human Resources, Payroll. The current supply systems and financial systems interact with each other via multiple custom interfaces. Data integrity and Y2K issues were some of the driving factors in replacement of these systems. The new systems allow FDH the opportunity to change the current business processes to go to a best business practice that the commercial off the shelf software was adopted.

An integral function of the electrometallurgical conditioning of DOE spent nuclear fuel is the standardization of waste forms. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed and is presently demonstrating the electrometallurgical conditioning of sodium-bonded metal fuel from Experimental Breeder Reactor II, resulting in uranium, ceramic waste, and metal waste forms. Engineering studies are underway at ANL in support of pilot-scale equipment development, which would precondition irradiated oxide fuel and likewise demonstrate the application of electrometallurgical conditioning to such non-metallic fuels. This paper highlights the integration of proposed spent oxide fuel conditioning with existing electrometallurgical processes. Additionally, technical bases for engineering activities to support a scale up of an oxide reduction process are described.

Many studies suggest that lean-NO_x SCR proceeds via oxidation of NO to NO¬ by oxygen, followed by the reaction of the NO¬ with hydrocarbons. On catalysts that are not very effective in catalyzing the equilibration of NO+O¬ and NO¬, the rate of N¬ formation is substantially higher when the input NO_x is NO¬ instead of NO. The apparent bifunctional mechanism in the SCR of NO_x has prompted the use of mechanically mixed catalyst components, in which one component is used to accelerate the oxidation of NO to NO¬, and another component catalyzes the reaction between NO¬ and the hydrocarbon. Catalysts that previously were regarded as inactive for NO_x reduction could therefore become efficient when mixed with an oxidation catalyst. Preconverting NO to NO¬ opens the opportunity for a wider range of SCR catalysts and perhaps improves the durability of these catalysts. This paper describes the use of a non-thermal plasma as an efficient means for selective partial oxidation of NO to NO¬. When combined with some types of SCR catalyst, the plasma can greatly enhance the NO_x reduction and eliminate some of the deficiencies encountered in an entirely catalyst-based approach. efficiency for reduction of NO<sub>x</su

We developed a model for the probabilistic behavior of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. Stochastic and deterministic models are created to simulate the behavior of the system component;. The components are the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery, and a load. Artificial neural networks are incorporated into the model of the rechargeable battery to simulate damage that occurs during deep discharge cycles. The equations governing system behavior are combined into one set and solved simultaneously in the Monte Carlo framework to evaluate the probabilistic character of measures of battery behavior.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW civil/structural calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable. The Equipment Removal System (ERS) has been identified by WHC as not having any safety class 1 items present in the tank pits during equipment removal activities, Documentation of this finding is provided in Letter of Instruction 3/1 Analysis Requirements for Project W-320 Equipment Removal System (REF: LOI KGS-94-013). Based on this specific direction from WHC, 3/1 analysis for any component of the Project W-320 ERS is required. No further documentation of non-safety impacting safety items is required per DOE-RL Audit finding No.90-02, and filing of this memorandum in the W-320 project files satisfies the intent of the referenced DOE observation.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable. The purpose of this calculation is to conservatively estimate the weight of equipment and structures being added over Tank 241-C-106 as a result of Project W-320 and combine these weights with the estimated weights of existing structures and equipment as calculated in Attachment 1. The combined weights will be compared to the allowable live load limit to provide a preliminary assessment of loading conditions above Tank 241-C-106.

The structural skid supporting the Process Building and equipment is designed based on the criteria, codes and standards, referenced in the calculation. The final members and the associated elements satisfy the design requirements of the structure. Revision 1 incorporates vendor data for the weight of the individual equipment components. The updated information does not affect the original conclusion of the calculation, since the overall effect is a reduction in the total weight of the equipment and a nominal relocation of the center of gravity for the skid assembly.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable. The objective of this calculation is to perform the structural analysis of the Pipe Supports designed for Slurry and Supernate transfer pipe lines in order to meet the requirements of applicable ASME codes. The pipe support design loads are obtained from the piping stress calculations W320-27-I-4 and W320-27-I-5. These loads are the total summation of the gravity, pressure, thermal and seismic loads. Since standard typical designs are used for each type of pipe support such as Y-Stop, Guide and Anchors, each type of support is evaluated for the maximum loads to which this type of supports are subjected. These loads are obtained from the AutoPipe analysis and used to check the structural adequacy of these supports.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable.

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable. The objective of this calculation is to perform the hydraulic analysis on the slurry line and the supernate line for W-320. This calculation will use the As-Built conditions of the slurry line and the supernate line. Booster Pump Curves vs System Curves shall be generated for the supernate system and the slurry system.

The LLNL effort to develop electrochemical energy storage systems occupies a crucial regime in the hydrogen technologies` adoption process, between pure research/conceptual feasibility and near-term demonstrations of commercial systems This effort leaves as many component innovations as possible to others, and seeks to integrate the best systems from the highest performance, readily procurable components. The integration research and component testing being undertaken has already uncovered many operational and design issues that might hinder the adoption of breakthrough technologies being funded by the DOE and NASA A focus on delivering energy storage to the most weight-sensitive applications (aircraft and spacecraft) ensures that key technologies will be properly implemented and combined to perform in real, upcoming vehicle tests. The two key technologies that LLNL is aggressively implementing are proton exchange membrane (PEM) -based RFCs and high-performance tankage for storing compressed hydrogen and oxygen gases Tankage built from available technologies must be lightweight and must cope with volume penalties, gas permeation, and moisture handling to adequately furnish the breakthrough levels of specific energy that RFC systems offer Such multidisciplinary specifications have yet to be combined in the form of a commercial product. Were it not fat LLNL`s role as integrator leading industry, and …

The manufacturing of steel containment vessels starts with the forming of flat plates into curved plates. A steel containment structure is made by welding individual plates together to form the sections that make up the complex shaped vessels. The metal forming and welding process leaves residual stresses in the vessel walls. Generally, the effect of metal forming residual stresses can be reduced or virtually eliminated by thermally stress relieving the vessel. In large containment vessels this may not be practical and thus, the residual stresses due to manufacturing may become important. The residual stresses could possibly affect the response of the vessel to internal pressurization. When the level of residual stresses is significant it will affect the vessel's response, for instance the yielding pressure and possibly the failure pressure. This paper will address the effect of metal forming residual stresses on the response of a generic pressure vessel to internal pressurization. A scoping analysis investigated the effect of residual forming stresses on the response of an internally pressurized vessel. A simple model was developed to gain understanding of the mechanics of the problem. Residual stresses due to the welding process were not considered in this investigation.

The sitewide savings system week feeds Putnam detailed employee information. Once Putnam validates the feed, Treasure executes and electronic funds transfer to Putnam.

Intracellular calcium is sequestered in closed membranes such as the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula and released at discretely distributed protein/receptor channels. The release kinetics can result in the propagation of waves of elevated calcium concentration. The main physical processes are reactions at the release sites and diffusion between the sites. The theory of chemical wave propagation in reaction-diffusion systems is in large part devoted to the study of systems in which there are no extrinsic inhomogeneities. The discrete distribution of the release sites plays a key role in determining the nature of the propagating wave. The authors analyze some simple reaction-diffusion models in order to elucidate the role of discreteness for chemical wave propagation.

This position paper provides the approach and detail pertaining to a sensitivity analysis for the Phase II definition of weighted evaluation criteria weights and utility function values on the total utility scores for each Initial List alternative due to uncertainty and bias in engineering judgment.

A small, non-contact optical sensor invented by the author attaches to a robot (or other machines), enabling the robot to detect objects, adjust its alignment in all six degrees of freedom (SixDOF), and read a task from a code on the part. Thus, the SixDOF sensor provides robots more intelligence to operate autonomously and adapt to changes without human intervention. A description of the sensor is provided. Also, an operating arrangement of a robot using the SixDOF sensor is presented with performance results described.

Transpired air collectors preheat building ventilation air by using the building's ventilation fan to draw fresh air through the system. The intake air is heated as it passes through the perforated absorber plate and up the plenum between the absorber and the south wall of the building. Reduced heating costs will pay for the systems in 3--12 years.

SolMaT works with manufacturers to lower the cost of manufacturing components for concentrating solar power systems.

{sup 139}La NQR studies in lightly doped La{sub 2}Cu{sub 1-x}Li{sub x}O{sub 4} and La{sub 1.8-x}Eu{sub 0.2}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} are reviewed. A strong enhancement of the {sup 139}La relaxation rate with a peak accompanied by a sudden increase of the local field at low T has been observed similarly to La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4}. The anomalous magnetic properties are discussed in the light of the microscopic segregation of doped holes into hole-rich domain walls separating undoped AF domains.

The compact multi-pass laser design and the extensive use of optical component assemblies as line replaceable units (LRU) are essential to achieve the cost efficiency of the National Ignition Facility design. These design philosophies require a new approach to start-up operation of the NIF 192-beam-line high-energy laser compared to existing fusion laser facilities. The limited access to the beam-line optics and the limited on-line verification and maintenance capability require that extensive component verification and alignment take place in off-line facilities before the LRUÕs are installed in the laser structure. We are developing a detailed plan for the start-up of the NIF facility. This plan includes systematic off-line component and LRU verification tests, LRU installation and prealignment, and sub-system acceptance tests, followed by a well defined set of operational test procedures to verify integrated performance. During integrated performance testing laser performance parameters of individual beam lines will be verified using a precision diagnostic system located in the NIF switchyard. If additional on-line calibration or performance testing is required, the LRU based architecture can accommodate the insertion of specialized in-line diagnostic LRUs at locations that require such additional testing during start-up. Multiple beam focal spot characteristics on disk targets in the NIF …