One of the most important figures of merit for a synchrotron radiation source, once specified beam intensity and energy have been achieved, is charged particle beam stability. While a significant effort has been expended at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to reduce or eliminate undesirable sources of beam motion, it will be necessary to employ active feedback to stabilize the user photon beams to the very stringent levels required. This becomes especially important when one considers that transverse beam stability is generally quoted as a fraction of beam dimensions. Since source brightness tends to be inversely proportional to these transverse dimensions, it should be evident that x-ray beamline users in general will support any and all efforts to reduce the transverse charged particle beam dimensions. The obvious corollary to this is that coincident with emittance reduction efforts must come improvements in our ability to both measure and correct the particle beam trajectory. Presently, there are at least two active proposals at the APS for reducing both horizontal and vertical emittance. A simple change in lattice functions gives a factor of two reduction in horizontal and vertical beam emittance, while a machine studies program focusing on the correction of horizontal-vertical coupling …

Based on a review of available data, significant contributions to low-level tritium soil contamination in the CP-5 yard have been made by airborne tritium fallout and rainout from the CP-5 ventilation system stack. Based on the distribution of tritium in the yard, it is also likely that leaks in secondary system piping which lead to the cooling towers were a significant contributor to tritium in CP-5 yard subsurface soil. Based on the foregoing analysis, low-level tritium contamination will not prohibit the release of the yard for unrestricted use in the future. Worst case dose estimates based on very conservative assumptions indicate that a 25 rmem annual effective dose equivalent limit will not be exceeded under the most restrictive residential-use family farm scenario. Given the impermeable nature of the glacial till under CP-5, low-level concentrations of tritium may be occasionally detected in the deep well (3300 12D), but the peak concentration will not approach the levels calculated by RESRAD; however, continued monitoring of the deep well is recommended. To ensure that all sources of potential tritium release have been removed from the CP-5 complex, removal of tritiated water from each rod-out hole and an evaluation of the physical integrity of the …

The nation's network of DOE Laboratories and Facilities hold an extensive store of research and development expertise and unique equipment developed for their various missions. The Laboratory Coordinating Council (LCC) gives US industry access to a ``virtual'' laboratory that can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of almost any research project. Established in 1995, the LCC responds to the major process industries' R and D needs with the capabilities of 16 DOE Laboratories and Facilities.

Water flow in partially saturated fractures under thermal drive may lead to fast flow along preferential localized pathways and heat pipe conditions. At the potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, water flowing in fast pathways may ultimately contact waste packages and transport radionuclides to the accessible environment. Sixteen experiments were conducted to visualize heat-driven liquid flow in fracture models that included (1) assemblies of roughened glass plates, (2) epoxy replicas of rock fractures, and (3) a fractured specimen of Topopah Spring tuff. Continuous rivulet flow was observed for high liquid flow rates, intermittent rivulet flow and drop flow for intermediate flow rates, and film flow for lower flow rates and wide apertures. Heat pipe conditions (vapor-liquid counterflow with phase change) were identified in five of the seven experiments in which spatially resolved thermal monitoring was performed, but not when liquid-vapor counterflow was hindered by very narrow apertures, and when inadequate working fluid volume was used.

Responses to a distributed pressure load are typically predicted through the use of a finite-element model. This procedure depends on the model to represent the actual structure accurately. Another technique that is developed in this work is to predict the response based upon an experi- mentally derived model. This model consists of frequency response functions. The pressure distribution is assumed to be known. In this work, the pressure load will be a blast load. The focus of this work will be to simulate a harsh, shock-like environment. Data from a reverse Hopkinson bar (RHB) test is used to generate the response to a symmetric, distributed load. The reverse Hopkinson bar generates a high ampli- tude, high frequency content pulse that excites components at near-blast levels. The frequency response functions gen- erated from the RHB are used to generate an experimental model of the structure, which is then used in conjunction with the known pressure distribution, to estimate the component response to a blast. This result can then be used with a model correlation technique to adjust a finite element model such that data from a true blast test can be used to only fine tune the model. This work details …

Construction of the National Ignition Facility laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory features a large distributed control system constructed using object-oriented software engineering techniques. Control of 60,000 devices is effected using a network of some 500 computers that run software written in Ada and communicating through CORBA. The project has completed its final design review; implementation of the first of five planned increments will be delivered at the end of fiscal year 1998. Preliminary measures of the distributed controls performance confirm the design decisions reported in this paper, and the measurement and supporting simulation of full system performance continue.

In this work we present measurements of the wavelengths of the nickel-like 3d9 4d IS0 + 3d94p � P, X-ray laser line in several low-Z nickel-like ions ranging from yttrium (Z=39) to cadmium (Z=45). With the help of these laser results, we identify this line to very high accuracy in nonlasing plasmas from gallium (Z=3 1) to molybdenum (Z=42). The measured wavelengths are compared with optimized level calculations using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock code of Grant et al. As an example, for yttrium, we calculate a wavelength of 240.2 A, and measure wavelengths of 240.1 I i 0.30 A in the lasing plasma and 240.135 + 0.015 A in the nonlasing plasma. Accurate values of these wavelengths are essential for performing plasma imaging and interferometry experiments with multilayer optics which use the X-ray laser to backlight other plasmas. These results also provide important atomic data which is currently missing about the energy of the Id � S, level in the Ni I sequence and help guide evperimentalists who are looking for lasing in these materials for the first time. We also observe lasing on the nickel-like 3d9 4f � P, + 3d94d � P, X-ray laser line in Zr, Nb, and …

A system for forming a thick flowing liquid metal, in this case lithium, layer on the inside wall of a toroid containing the plasma of a deuterium-tritium fission reactor. The presence of the liquid metal layer or first wall serves to prevent neutron damage to the walls of the toroid. A poloidal current in the liquid metal layer is oriented so that it flows in the same direction as the current in a series of external magnets used to confine the plasma. This current alignment results in the liquid metal being forced against the wall of the toroid. After the liquid metal exits the toroid it is pumped to a heat extraction and power conversion device prior to being reentering the toroid.

A method for analyzing metal in a fluid is provided comprising maintaining a first portion of a continuous filter media substrate at a temperature coinciding with the phase in which the metal is to be analyzed; contacting the fluid to a first portion of said substrate to retain the metal on the first portion of said substrate; preventing further contact of the fluid to the first portion of substrate; and contacting the fluid to a second portion of said substrate to retain metal on the second portion of the said substrate while simultaneously analyzing the first portion for metal. Also provided is a device for the simultaneous monitoring and analysis of metal in a fluid comprising a continuous filter media substrate; means for maintaining a first portion of said filter media substrate at a temperature coinciding with the phase in which the metal is to be analyzed; a means for contacting the fluid to the first portion of said substrate; a means for preventing further contact of the fluid to the first portion of substrate; a means for contacting the fluid to a second portion of said substrate to retain metal on the second portion of the said substrate; and …

The use of natural excitation response data for the extraction of modal parameters has been an alluring idea for many years, The primary reason is that it offers the real world inputs (both spatial and temporal) and the associated responses of the system without the cost of a complex excitation system. The use of NExT allows for a linear representation of the system at operating levels, which is ideal for predictive linear simulation. The NExT parameter estimation methods have relied on using standard modal parameter extraction routines that do not exploit the special model form of NExT data. A parameter estimation method is developed here that is consistent with the form, thereby providing a more robust estimator in the presence of noise. This paper presents the basic methods used in NExT as well as some of the critical issues when using NExT.

The NIF PEPC Mechanical Test Stand is to be used in the building 432. Building 432 is being used to test components and processes for NIF. The test stand is to be bolted to the floor. The test stand provides a platform from which the PEPC kinematic repeatability and vibrational characteristics of the PEPC LRU can be tested. The test stand will allow user access to the LRU to install instrumentation and to make adjustments to the kinematics. The mechanical test stand is designed to hold the 1700 lb. PEPC LRU.

Calcium oxide injected in a slagging combustor reacts with the sulfur from coal combustion to form sulfur-bearing particles, which are deposited on the liquid slag layer on the combustor wall. Due to the low solubility of sulfur in slag, it must be rapidly drained from the combustor to limit sulfur gas re-evolution. Analysis indicated that slag mass flow rates in excess of 400 lb/hr should limit sulfur re-evolution. The objective of this 36 month project was to perform a series of tests to determine the factors that control the retention of the sulfur in the slag. 19 days of testing were completed prior to 9/30/97. In the present quarterly reporting period ending 12/31/97, 13 tests days were completed on co-firing coal and a high ash, rice husk biomass, which was selected to produce a high slag flow rate. Most of the test effort focussed on developing methods for feeding the very low density rice husks into combustor. Various levels of mineral matter from coal ash, rice husk ash, calcium sulfate, and calcium oxide was injected in the combustor during these 13 tests. The peak mineral matter, injection rate was 592 lb/hr for a period of about one-hour. No significant sulfur …

The central objective of this research has been to develop efficient numerical methods for computing multi-fluid flows with large interfacial deformations, and apply these methods to study the rheology of suspensions of deformable particles with viscous and non-Newtonian interfacial behavior. The mathematical formulation employs boundary-integral, immersed-boundary, and related numerical methods. Particles of interest include liquid drops with constant surface tension and capsules whose interfaces exhibit viscoelastic and incompressible characteristics. In one family of problems, the author has considered the shear-driven and pressure-driven flow of a suspension of two-dimensional liquid drops with ordered and random structure. In a second series of investigations, the author carried out dynamic simulations of two-dimensional, unbounded, doubly-periodic shear flows with random structure. Another family of problems addresses the deformation of three-dimensional capsules whose interfaces exhibit isotropic surface tension, viscous, elastic, or incompressible behavior, in simple shear flow. The numerical results extend previous asymptotic theories for small deformations and illuminate the mechanism of membrane rupture.

The ETTP, formerly known as the K-25 Site, occupies about 4,700 acres, or 14% of the Oak Ridge Reservation. ETTP was established in 1942 to produce enriched uranium. The Operations Office awarded a $238 million contract for the D and D of three enriched uranium process buildings (K-29, K-31, and K-33) in August 1997. However, the health, safety, and environmental risks associated with Buildings K-29, K-31, and K-33 were not as significant as the risks associated with Building K-25. The objective of this audit was to determine whether the Operations Office reduced health, safety, and environmental risks through D and D projects at the ETTP. The Operations Office reduced health, safety, and environmental risks through D and D projects at the ETTP. However, the major ongoing D and D project at the ETTP did not involve the facility which posed the greatest risks from exposure to radioactive waste, hazardous or toxic materials, and structural collapse.

In the introductory material, we overview the typical MPP environment for real application computing and the special tools available such as parallel debuggers and performance analyzers. Next, we draw from a series of real applications codes and discuss the specific challenges and problems that are encountered in parallelizing these individual applications. The application areas drawn from include biomedical sciences, materials processing and design, plasma and fluid dynamics, and others. We show how it was possible to get a particular application to run efficiently and what steps were necessary. Finally we end with a summary of the lessons learned from these applications and predictions for the future of industrial parallel computing. This tutorial is based on material from a forthcoming book entitled: �Industrial Strength Parallel Computing� to be published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (ISBN l-55860-54).

In this report is presented first a brief review of the regional geologic setting of the Savannah River Site, descriptions of the plutonic rock units sampled here, whole rock geochemical data on the plutonic igneous rocks, and finally, a discussion of how the crystalline basement rocks of the Savannah River Site formed and how they may correlate with other terranes exposed in the Piedmont of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Virginia.

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In the last quarterly report, it was noticed that the baseline dewatering data varied significantly. This abnormality was attributed to the use of house vacuum which varied significantly during the testing. This quarter tests were repeated using a portable vacuum pump which provided a constant vacuum of 25 inches of mercury. Using 30 secs cake drying time and 30 secs cake formation time, the high- and low-porosity ceramic leaf filters provided 21.5% and 18.0% filter cake moistures, respectively. The solids loading on the high- and low-porosity filters were 0.8 Kg/m 2 and 0.44 Kg/m 2 , respectively. Addition of 10 g/t of an anionic flocculant lowered the filter cake moisture from 22.0% to 14.0% using the high-porosity filter, and 18.0% to 13.5% using the low-porosity filter. Addition of 15 g/t of a cationic flocculant lowered filter cake moisture from 18.0% to 16.0% using the low-porosity filter. High-porosity filter did not provide any lowering of filter cake moisture, however, the solids loading increased from 1.5 kg/m 2 to 5.8 kg/m 2 at a flocculant dosage of 25 g/t. This high solids loading indicated thicker filter cake which would retain a high moisture. Among the three surfactants studied, only the non-ionic and …

The Poisson spot was established using a collimated laser beam from a 3-mW diode laser. It was monitored on a quadrant detector and found to be very sensitive to vibration and air disturbances. Therefore, for future work we strongly recommend a sealed vacuum tube in which the Poisson line may be propagated. A digital single-axis feedback system was employed to generate an straight line reference (SLR) on the X axis. Pointing accuracy was better than 8 {+-} 2 microns at a distance of 5 m. The digital system was found to be quite slow with a maximum bandwidth of 47 {+-} 9 Hz. Slow drifts were easily corrected but any vibration over 5 Hz was not. We recommend an analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for high bandwidth and smooth operation of the kinematic mirror. Although the Poisson alignment system (PAS) at the Advanced Photon Source is still in its infancy, it already shows great promise as a possible alignment system for the low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL). Since components such as wigglers and quadruples will initially be aligned with respect to each other using conventional means and mounted on some kind of rigid rail, the goal would be to align six …

This document lays out the Bonneville Power Administration`s ``Power Subscription Strategy,`` a process that will enable the people of the Pacific Northwest to share the benefits of the Federal Columbia river Power System after 2001 while retaining those benefits within the region for future generations. The strategy also addresses how those who receive the benefits of the region`s low-cost federal power should share a corresponding measure of the risks. This strategy seeks to implement the subscription concept created by the Comprehensive Review in 1996 through contracts for the sale of power and the distribution of federal power benefits in the deregulated wholesale electricity market. The success of the subscription process is fundamental to BPA`s overall business purpose to provide public benefits to the Northwest through commercially successful businesses.

Recently, the technique of using a nsec pulse to preform and ionize the plasma followed by a psec pulse to heat the plasma has enabled low-Z neon-like and nickel-like ions to lase driven by small lasers with only ten joules of energy. In this work we model recent experiments done using the COMET laser at LLNL to illuminate I cm long slab targets of Ti with a 4.8 J, 800 ps prepulse followed 1.6 nsec later by a 6 J, 1 psec drive pulse. The LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities fo the XRASER code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. The temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma is studied both with and without radiation transport included for the 3d and 3s (arrow) 2p Ne-like Ti resonance lines. Large regions with gains greater than 80 cm_minus1 are predicted for the 3p ¹S₀ (arrow), 3s ¹P,₁Ne-like Ti laser line at 326 Å. Given the large gain and low gradients in these plasmas, we do propagation calculations including refraction to understand which regions have the right combination of high gain and low gradients to contribute …

Single-phase polycrystalline PbZrO{sub 3} (PZ) thin films, 3000-6000 {angstrom} thick, have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates at {approximately}525 C. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the PZ films grown on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO{sub 2}/Si (Pt/Ti/Si) showed preferred pseudocubic (110) orientation. In contrast, PZ films grown on 150 {angstrom} thick PbTiO{sub 3} (PT) template layers exhibited a pseudocubic (100) preferred orientation, and PZ films deposited on TiO{sub 2} template layers consisted of randomly oriented grains. The PZ films grown on Pt/Ti/Si with or without templates exhibited dielectric constants of 120-200 and loss tangents of 0.03-0.01. The PZ films with (110) orientation exhibited an electric-field-induced transformation from the antiferroelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase with a polarization of {approx}34 {micro}C/cm{sup 2}, and the energy that was stored during switching was 7.1 J/cm{sup 3}. The field needed to excite the ferroelectric state and that needed to revert to the antiferroelectric state were 350 and 250 kV/cm, respectively. Relationships between the MOCVD processing and the film microstructure and properties are discussed.

The technical feasibility of separating mineral matter and pyrite from coal as it is transported from pulverizers to burners in pulverized coal combustion units will be examined. The charge imparted on coal during pulverization and transport to pulverized coal (PC) burners in a utility boiler will be quantified. In addition to field charge measurements, an existing computational model will be extended to numerically simulate charged particle motion in a turbulent gas through an electric field. Results from the field tests and numerical modeling will be employed in design and construction of a laboratory scale pulverizer/classifier. This laboratory unit will be used to quantify the magnitude and differential charge imparted on bituminous and subbituminous coals during pulverization and classification at temperatures and with gaseous constituents typical to utility PC units. An electrostatic separator, designed for in-line operation between pulverizers and PC boilers, will be used to clean prepulverized coals. Theoretical and experimental data are to be used in preparing a preliminary design for a full-scale, (15 ton/hr) in-line, electrostatic coal cleaning device. Finally, the economic potential for application to PC units will be assessed.

The technical feasibility of separating mineral matter and pyrite from coal as it is transported from pulverizers to burners in pulverized coal combustion units will be examined. The charge imparted on coal during pulverization and transport to pulverized coal (PC) burners in a utility boiler will be quantified. In addition to field charge measurements, an existing computational model will be extended to numerically simulate charged particle motion in a turbulent gas through an electric field. Results from the field tests and numerical modeling will be employed in design and construction of a laboratory scale pulverizer/classifier. This laboratory unit will be used to quantify the magnitude and differential charge imparted on bituminous and subbituminous coals during pulverization and classification at temperatures and with gaseous constituents typical to utility PC units. An electrostatic separator, designed for in-line operation between pulverizers and PC boilers, will be used to clean prepulverized coals. Theoretical and experimental data are to be used in preparing a preliminary design for a full-scale, (15 ton/hr) in-line, electrostatic coal cleaning device. Finally, the economic potential for application to PC units will be assessed.