Estimates were made of the volume of sludge expected from Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) processing fuel elements and in the fuel storage canisters in K East Basin, These were based on visual observations of fuel element condition in the basin and laboratory measurements of canister sludge density. The estimates, made in early 1997, are reviewed and the basic assumptions used discussed.

Estimates were made of the volume of sludge expected from Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) processing of the fuel and in the fuel storage canisters in K West Basin. These were based on visual observations of fuel element condition in the basin and laboratory measurements of canister sludge density. These estimates, made in early 1997, are reviewed and the basic assumptions used discussed.

Kaon electroproduction on deuterium and hydrogen targets has been measured at beam energies of 3.245 and 2.445 GeV and momentum transfer Q{sup 2}=0.38 and 0.5 GeV{sup 2}. Associated {Lambda} production off a proton in the deuteron exhibits a quasifree production mechanism. The production of {Sigma}{sup {minus}} off the neutron could be extracted for the first time with reasonable errors.

We are using a defect analysis capabilities based on two positron beam lifetime spectrometers: the first is based on a 3 MeV electrostatic accelerator and the second on our high current linac beam. The high energy beam lifetime spectrometer is routinely used to perform positron lifetime analysis with a 3 MeV positron beam on thick sample specimens. It is being used for bulk sample analysis and analysis of samples encapsulated in controlled environments for in situ measurements. A second, low energy, microscopically focused, pulsed positron beam for defect analysis by positron lifetime spectroscopy is under development at the LLNL high current positron source. This beam will enable defect-specific, 3-dimensional maps of defect concentration with sub-micron location resolution. When coupled with first principles calculations of defect specific positron lifetimes it will enable new levels of defect concentration mapping and defect identification.

When the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) begins operations, it will be capable of colliding nuclei of various sizes, from protons up to Au, at center-of-mass energies of 200 to 500 GeV per nucleon pair. Some of these collisions are expected to produce a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), in which quarks are no longer confined to individual hadrons and in which chiral symmetry has been restored. Numerous predictions have been made as to how a phase transition to a QGP would affect the particle spectra produced in these collisions (see, for example, a recent review by Harris and Mueller). The PHENIX physics philosophy is to detect and systematically study the QGP via a simultaneous measurement of many different probes/signatures of the plasma, as a function of the energy density achieved in the nucleus-nucleus collision. To achieve this goal, the PHENIX detector has been designed as a multi-purpose spectrometer, capable of concurrently measuring hadrons, leptons and photons, as well as global properties of the collision, e.g. energy density, as will be detailed below.

The room-temperature elastic moduli, fracture strength, and fracture toughness of dense, fine-grained, pure Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 1.95} and composites containing 1.3 and 9.1 wt. % Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were investigated. Addition of 9.1 wt.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} to Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 1.95} changed the fracture mode from intergranular to transgranular and increased room-temperature fracture strength from 65 to 125 MPa and fracture toughness from 1.3 to 1.6 MPam{sup 1/2}. In addition, steady-state compressive creep was measured for Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 1.95} and the Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 2{minus}x} + 9.1 wt.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite. The stress exponent {approx}1.3 and the activation energy {approx}480 kJ/mole for Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 1.95} suggested diffusional flow controlled by the cations. There was no difference in creep rate between Ce{sub 0.9}Gd{sub 0.1}O{sub 2{minus}x} and the composite.

The basic mechanisms of single-event upset are reviewed, including charge collection in silicon junctions and transistors, and properties of single-event upset in CMOS static random access memory (SRAM) cells. The mechanisms are illustrated through the use of three-dimensional device and circuit simulations. Technology trends and implications for commercial devices are discussed.

MPLUS is a DOE designated User Facility providing extensive Technical Expertise and Specialized Facilities to assist Industrial and Academic Partners in becoming more Energy Efficient and enhancing US Competitiveness in the World market. MPLUS focusing on 7 major vision industries (aluminum, chemical, forest products, glass, metals castings, refineries, and steel) identified by DOE as being energy intensive, as well as cross-cutting industries such as welding and heat treating. MPLUS consists of four primary facilities: (1) Materials Processing, (2) Materials Joining, (3) Materials Characterization and Properties, and (4) Materials Process Modeling. Each facility provides rapid access to unique, state-of-the-art equipment, capabilities, and technical expertise necessary for solving materials processing issues that limit the development and implementation of emerging technologies. These capabilities include: (1) materials synthesis; (2) deformation processing; (3) materials characterization; (4) joining and mathematical modeling.

A method is presented for connecting dissimilar finite element meshes in three dimensions. The method combines the concept of master and slave surfaces with the uniform strain approach for surface, corrections finite elements- By modifyhg the are made to element formulations boundaries of elements on the slave such that first-order patch tests are passed. The method can be used to connect meshes which use different element types. In addition, master and slave surfaces can be designated independently of relative mesh resolutions. Example problems in three-dimensional linear elasticity are presented.

{Lambda} binding energy data for total baryon number A {le} 208 and for {Lambda} angular momenta {ell}{sub {Lambda}} {le} 3 are analyzed in terms of phenomenological (but generally consistent with meson-exchange) {Lambda}N and {Lambda}NN potentials. The Fermi-Hypernetted-Chain technique is used to calculate the expectation values for the {Lambda} binding to nuclear matter. Accurate effective {Lambda}N and {Lambda}NN potentials are obtained which are folded with the core nucleus nucleon densities to calculate the {Lambda} single particle potential U{sub {Lambda}}(r). We use a dispersive {Lambda}NN potential but also include an explicit {rho} dependence to allow for reduced repulsion in the surface, and the best fits have a large {rho} dependence giving consistency with the variational Monte Carlo calculations for {sub {Lambda}}{sup 5}He. The exchange fraction of the {Lambda}N space-exchange potential is found to be 0.2-0.3 corresponding to m{sub {Lambda}}* {approx_equal} (0.74-0.82)m{sub {Lambda}}. Charge symmetry breaking is found to be significant for heavy hypernuclei with a large neutron excess, with a strength consistent with that obtained from the A = 4 hypernuclei.

Dry deposition, an essential component in the atmospheric budget of many trace chemicals, can deliver a major portion of the chemicals deposited at sensitive receptors at the surface of the Earth. Dry deposition in atmospheric numerical models is often described with modules that provide estimates of the deposition velocity V{sub d}, which is the downward flux divided by concentration at a specified height. A fairly common practice in dry deposition modules is to describe surface conditions that affect dry deposition in terms of broad land use and seasonal categories. This practice can lead to unrealistic values for V{sub d}, however, when vegetative conditions for one land use category vary considerably within the domain, when abrupt changes in surface conditions are imposed by a change in seasonal category, or when environmental conditions change vegetative properties within one season. To improve this situation, surface spectral reflectance sensed by environmental satellites can be used to provide more realistic depictions of the spatial and temporal variations in surface conditions. Such an approach is explored here, by extending of methods described by Gao (1995) and Gao and Wesely (1995), in conjunction with a previously developed dry deposition module (Wesely, 1989). In addition, because simulations of …

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Scanning force microscopy (SFM) was applied to direct nanoscale investigation of the mechanism of retention loss in ferroelectric thin films. Experiments were conducted by performing local polarization reversal within an individual grain with subsequent imaging of a resulting domain structure at various time intervals. A conductive SFM tip was used for domain switching and imaging in the SFM piezoresponse mode.

This Technical Implementation Procedure (TIP) describes the field operation, and the management of data records pertaining to neutron logging and density logging in welded tuff. This procedure applies to all borehole surveys performed in support of Engineered Barrier System Field Tests (EBSFI� ), including the Earge Block Tests (LBT) and Initial Engineered Barrier System Field Tests (IEBSFT) - WBS 1.2.3.12.4. The purpose of this TIP is to provide guidelines so that other equally trained and qualified personnel can understand how the work is performed or how to repeat the work if needed. The work will be documented by the use of Scientific Notebooks (SNs) as discussed in 033-YMP-QP 3.4. The TIP will provide a set of guidelines which the scientists will take into account in conducting the mea- surements. The use of this TIP does not imply that this is repetitive work that does not require profes- sional judgment.

The current U.S. approach for a driver for inertial confinement fusion power production is a heavy-ion induction accelerator; high-current beams of heavy ions are focused onto the fusion target. The space-charge of the high-current beams affects the behavior more strongly than does the temperature (the beams are described as being ``space-charge dominated``) and the beams behave like non-neutral plasmas. The particle simulation code WARP has been developed and used to study the transport and acceleration of space-charge dominated ion beams in a wide range of applications, from basic beam physics studies, to ongoing experiments, to fusion driver concepts. WARP combines aspects of a particle simulation code and an accelerator code; it uses multi-dimensional, electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) techniques and has a rich mechanism for specifying the lattice of externally applied fields. There are both two- and three-dimensional versions, the former including axisymmetric (r-z) and transverse slice (x-y) models. WARP includes a number of novel techniques and capabilities that both enhance its performance and make it applicable to a wide range of problems. Some of these have been described elsewhere. Several recent developments will be discussed in this paper. A transverse slice model has been implemented with the novel capability of including …

One of the frontiers of today�s nuclear science is the �journey to the limits� of atomic charge and nuclear mass, of neutron-to-proton ratio, and of angular momentum. The tour to the limits is not only a quest for new, exciting phenomena, but the new data are expected, as well, to bring qualitatively new information about the fundamental properties of the nucleonic many-body system, the nature of the nuclear interaction, and nucleonic correlations at various energy-distance scales. In this series of lectures, current developments in nuclear structure at the limits are discussed from a theoretical perspective, mainly concentrating on medium-mass and heavy nuclei.

We explored the optimum conditions in modulation of the program temperature and sample preparation to obtain absolute values of heat capac- ity from quasi-isothermal measurements of temperature-modulated differen- tial scanning calorimetry. A Mettler-Toledo 820 calorimeter and Perkin-Elmer DSC 7 were used for this work, using saw-tooth modulation as well as sinu- soidal modulation. We adopted a simple model to analyze the temperature response of the calorimeters and calibrated the results more precisely.

A seaport simulation model, PORTSIM, has been developed for the Department of Defense (DOD) at Argonne National Laboratory. PORTSIM simulates the detailed processes of cargo loading and unloading in a seaport and provides throughput capability, resource utilization, and other important information on the bottlenecks in a seaport operation, which are crucial data in determining troop and equipment deployment capability. There are two key problems to solve in developing the HLA-compliant PORTSIM model. The first is the cargo object ownership transfer problem. In PORTSIM, cargo items, e.g. vehicles, containers, and pallets, are objects having asset attributes. Cargo comes to a seaport for loading or unloading. The ownership of a cargo object transfers from its carrier to the port and then from the port to a new carrier. Each owner of the cargo object is responsible for publishing and updating the attributes of the cargo object when it has the ownership. This creates a unique situation in developing the PORTSIM federate object model, that is, the ownership of the object instead of the attributes needs to be changed in handling the cargo object in the PORTSIM federate. The ownership management service provided by the current RTI does not directly address this issue. …

Copper powder was sprayed by the cold-gas dynamic method. In-flight particle velocities were measured with a laser-two-focus system as a function of process parameters such as gas temperature, gas pressure, and powder feed rate. Particle velocities were uniform in a relatively large volume within the plume and agreed with theoretical predictions. The presence of the substrate was found to have no significant effect on particle velocities. Cold-spray deposition efficiencies were measured on aluminum substrates as a function of particle velocity and incident angle of the plume. Deposition efficiencies of up to 95% were achieved. The critical velocity for deposition was determined to be about 640 meters per second. This work investigates both the in-flight characteristics of copper particles in a supersonic cold-spray plume and the build-up of the subsequent coating on aluminum substrates. Velocities were found to be relatively constant within a large volume of the plume. Particle counts dropped off sharply away from the central axis. The presence of a substrate was found to have no effect on the velocity of the particles. A substantial mass-loading effect on the particle velocity was observed; particle velocities begin to drop as the mass ratio of powder to gas flow rates exceeds …

In an era of increasingly complex technology, some of the atmospheric quantities most difficult to measure and observe are yielding their secrets to increasingly complex instruments and combinations of instruments. For example, water vapor profiles, a long-time nemesis to detailed examination, have become measurable with the use of Raman lidar; temperature profile measurements are becoming relatively routine with radio acoustic sounding systems (RASSs) or infrared Fourier transform instrumentation such as the atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI); and radar, lidar, or combinations of the two are enabling wind profile measurements to increasing altitudes. What, then, is the role of the relatively pedestrian sodar in such an era? Because the sodar's propagation speed in the atmosphere is six orders of magnitude smaller than that of its electromagnetic counterparts (3 x 10{sup 2} vs. 3 x 10{sup 8} m/s), severely limiting its rate of interrogation, and because the sodar's signal limit frequency modulation techniques, many high-technology advances associated with enormous increases in computation speed and available memory have had relatively little direct impact on acoustic remote sensing. However, the principal elements of acoustic remote sensing continue to make it a useful, even essential, tool for obtaining a better understanding of the physics of …

The objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate a Proof-of-Concept (POC) scale oil agglomeration technology capable of increasing the recovery and improving the quality of fine coal strearrts. Two distinct agglomeration devices will be tested, namely, a conventional high shear mixer and a jet processor. To meet the overall objective an eleven task work plan has been designed. The work ranges from batch and continuous bench-scale testing through the design, commissioning and field testing of POC-scale agglomeration equipment.

This is a multiyear experimental research program focused on improving relevant material properties of high-T{sub c} superconductors and on development of fabrication methods that can be transferred to industry for production of commercial conductors. The development of teaming relationships through agreements with industrial partners is a key element of this program. Recent work on microstructural development and current distribution in Bi-2223 powder-in-tube tapes and a novel application for high-temperature superconductors are discussed.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under design and construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), will be the world`s biggest laser. The optics for the multipass, 192-beam, high-power, neodymium-glass laser will be assembled and aligned in the NIF Optics Assembly Building (OAB), adjacent to the huge Laser and Target Area Building (LTAB), where they will be installed. To accommodate the aggressive schedule for initial installation and activation, rapid assembly and alignment of large aperture optics into line replaceable units (LRUs) will occur through the use of automated handling, semi-autonomous operations, and strict protocols. The OAB will have to maintain rigorous cleanliness levels, achieve both commonality and versatility to handle the various optic types, and allow for just-in-time processing and delivery of the optics into the LTAB without undoing their strict cleanliness and precise alignment. This paper describes the Project`s design philosophy of modularity and hardware commonality and presents the many design challenges encountered. It also describes how, by using a mixture of commercially available and newly designed equipment, we have developed unique systems for assembly and alignment, inspection and verification, and LRU loading and transfer.

The purpose of this Specific Test and Evaluation Plan (STEP) is to provide a detailed written plan for the systematic testing of modifications made by the addition of the SN-631 transfer line from the AZ-O1A pit to the AZ-02A pit by the W-314 Project. The STEP develops the outline for test procedures that verify the system`s performance to the established Project design criteria. The STEP is a lower tier document based on the W-314 Test and Evaluation P1 an (TEP). Testing includes Validations and Verifications (e.g., Commercial Grade Item Dedication activities, etc), Factory Tests and Inspections (FTIs), installation tests and inspections, Construction Tests and Inspections (CTIs), Acceptance Test Procedures (ATPs), Pre-Operational Test Procedures (POTPs), and Operational Test Procedures (OTPs). The STEP will be utilized in conjunction with the TEP for verification and validation.