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Application of molten salt oxidation for the minimization and recovery of plutonium-238 contaminated wastes
This paper presents the technical and economic feasibility of molten salt oxidation technology as a volume reduction and recovery process for {sup 238}Pu contaminated waste. Combustible low-level waste material contaminated with {sup 238}Pu residue is destroyed by oxidation in a 900 C molten salt reaction vessel. The combustible waste is destroyed creating carbon dioxide and steam and a small amount of ash and insoluble {sup 2328}Pu in the spent salt. The valuable {sup 238}Pu is recycled using aqueous recovery techniques. Experimental test results for this technology indicate a plutonium recovery efficiency of 99%. Molten salt oxidation stabilizes the waste converting it to a non-combustible waste. Thus installation and use of molten salt oxidation technology will substantially reduce the volume of {sup 238}Pu contaminated waste. Cost-effectiveness evaluations of molten salt oxidation indicate a significant cost savings when compared to the present plans to package, or re-package, certify and transport these wastes to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant for permanent disposal. Clear and distinct cost advantages exist for MSO when the monetary value of the recovered {sup 238}Pu is considered.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Wishau, R.; Ramsey, K.B. & Montoya, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of new techniques for EOS data
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). One area of great uncertainty as well as high physics leverage is that of the material properties of plutonium and other materials including zirconium, uranium-niobium, deuterium-tritium, tantalum, beryllium, and oralloy. These properties include plutonium Hugoniot and melt-curve data to 10 Mbars and the plutonium off-Hugoniot data. Their goal is a proof-of-principle experiment on the Los Alamos Trident laser that will determine the technical and logistical issues involved with performing an accurate equation-of-state (EOS) and melt-curve experiment with plutonium, as well as performing initial measurements on the plutonium Hugoniot. This method can also be used to gather data at relatively low cost for other materials as well. Such a capability would complement existing gas-gun facilities and laser-driven miniflyers.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Hsing, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Reservoir Characterization and Advanced Technology to Improve Recovery and Economics in a Lower Quality Shallow Shelf San Andres Reservoir
The Class 2 Project at West Welch was designed to demonstrate the use of advanced technologies to enhance the economics of improved oil recovery (IOR) projects in lower quality Shallow Shelf Carbonate (SSC) reservoirs, resulting in recovery of additional oil that would otherwise be left in the reservoir at project abandonment. Accurate reservoir description is critical to the effective evaluation and efficient design of IOR projects in the heterogeneous SSC reservoirs. Therefore, the majority of Budget Period 1 was devoted to reservoir characterization. Technologies being demonstrated include: 1.Advanced petrophysics 2.Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic 3.Cross-well bore tomography 4.Advanced reservoir simulation 5.Carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulation treatments 6.Hydraulic fracturing design and monitoring 7.Mobility control agents
Date:
July 31, 1998
Creator:
Taylor, Archie R.; Justice, James J. & Hickman, T. Scott
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Reservoir Characterization and Advanced Technology to Improve Recovery and Economics in a Lower Quality Shallow Shelf San Andres Reservoir
Infill drilling if wells on a uniform spacing without regard to reservoir performance and characterization foes not optimize reservoir development because it fails to account for the complex nature of reservoir heterogeneities present in many low permeability reservoirs, and carbonate reservoirs in particular. New and emerging technologies, such as geostatistical modeling, rigorous decline curve analysis, reservoir rock typing, and special core analysis can be used to develop a 3-D simulation model for prediction of infill locations.
Date:
January 31, 1998
Creator:
Taylor, Archie R.; Justice, James J. & Hickman, T. Scott
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of reservoir characterization and advanced technology to improve recovery and economics in a lower quality shallow shelf San Andres reservoir. Quarterly progress report, October 1--December 31, 1997
West Welch Unit is one of four large waterflood units in the Welch Field in the northwestern portion of Dawson County, Texas. The Welch Field produces oil under a solution gas drive mechanism from the San Andres formation at approximately 4,800 ft. The field has been under waterflood for 30 years and a significant portion has been infill-drilled on 20-ac density. A 1982--86 pilot CO{sub 2} injection project in the offsetting South Welch Unit yielded positive results. Recent installation of a CO{sub 2} pipeline near the field allowed the phased development of a miscible CO{sub 2} injection project at the South Welch Unit. The Class 2 Project at West Welch was designed to demonstrate the use of advanced technologies to enhance the economics of improved oil recovery (IOR) projects in lower quality Shallow Shelf Carbonate (SSC) reservoirs, resulting in recovery of additional oil that would otherwise be left in the reservoir at project abandonment. Accurate reservoir description is critical to the effective evaluation and efficient design of IOR projects in the heterogeneous SSC reservoirs. Therefore, the majority of Budget Period 1 was devoted to reservoir characterization. Technologies being demonstrated include: advanced petrophysics; three-dimensional seismic; cross-well bore tomography; advanced reservoir simulation; …
Date:
January 31, 1998
Creator:
Taylor, A. R.; Hickman, T. S. & Justice, J. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of X-ray K-edge densitometry in D and D operations
K-edge densitometry is a nondestructive assay technique which provides accurate measurement of heavy metal contamination in pipes, containers, and other items encountered in D and D operations. A prototype mobile K-edge instrument has been built and demonstrated in several applications. Results from measurements of uranium in pipes and spent reactor fuel plates, and quantification of mercury and lead in waste drums are presented. In this report the authors briefly describe the theory behind K-edge densitometry. They follow that with a description of the prototype system they have developed, and a presentation of results from demonstrations of this system. They conclude with a discussion of the potential for application of K-edge analysis in D and D operations.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Jensen, T.; Aljundi, T. & Gray, J.N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Applications of dielectric barrier discharges
Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in oxygen and air are well established for the production of large quantities of ozone and are more recently being applied to a wider range of plasmachemical processes. Here, the application of DBDs for ozone synthesis, the non-thermal oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, the generation of incoherent (V)UV radiation and surface processing (etching, ashing) is presented. The main plasmaphysical features of sinusoidally-driven DBDs (transient, filamented, non-thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure) are described, and a simple plasmachemical reaction pathway for ozone synthesis are give. Experimental results on the degradation of VOCs (2-propanol, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride), as well as byproduct formation is presented for stand-alone DBD treatment, as well as for simultaneous (V)UV illumination of the discharge. Illumination of the discharge with (V)UV can change the plasmachemistry by enhanced formation of certain species of radicals--and thereby change byproduct formation--but also can change the discharge physics, known as the Joshi effect. As an example for generation of excited dimers and exiplexes for the production of incoherent UV light, experimental results on a XeBr* excimer UV light source are presented. Effects of the total and partial pressure of a Xe/Br{sub 2} system, the gap spacing and the …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Falkenstein, Z.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Applications of inventory difference tool at Los Alamos Plutonium Facility
A prototype computer program reads the inventory entries directly from the Microsoft Access database. Based on historical data, the program then displays temporal trends and constructs a library of rules that encapsulate the system behavior. The analysis of inventory data is illustrated using a combination of realistic and simulated facility examples. Potential payoffs of this methodology include a reduction in time and resources needed to perform statistical tests and a broad applicability to DOE needs such as treaty verification.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Hench, K.W.; Longmire, V.; Yarbro, T.F. & Zardecki, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 53, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 31, 1998
Weekly newspaper from Archer City, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Lewis, Shelley
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Architectural design criteria for f-block metal ion sequestering agents. 1998 annual progress report
'The objective of this project is to provide a means to optimize ligand architecture for f-block metal recognition. The authors strategy builds on an innovative and successful molecular modeling approach in developing polyether ligand design criteria for the alkali and alkaline earth cations. The hypothesis underlying this proposal is that differences in metal ion binding with multidentate ligands bearing the same number and type of donor groups are primarily attributable to intramolecular steric factors. They propose quantifying these steric factors through the application of molecular mechanics models. The research involves close integration of theoretical and experimental chemistry. The experimental work entails synthesizing novel ligands and experimentally determining structures and binding constants for metal ion complexation by series of ligands in which architecture is systematically varied. The theoretical work entails using electronic structure calculations to parameterize a molecular mechanics force field for a range of metal ions and ligand types. The resulting molecular mechanics force field will be used to predict low energy structures for unidentate, bidentate, and multidentate ligands and their metal complexes through conformational searches. Results will be analyzed to assess the relative importance of several steric factors including optimal M-L length, optimal geometry at the metal center, optimal …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Hay, Benjamin P.; Dixon, David A.; Roundhill, D. Max; Rogers, Robin D.; Paine, Robert T. & Raymond, Kenneth N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
D-area oil seepage basin bioventing optimization test plan
The D Area Oil Seepage Basin (DOSB) was used from 1952 to 1975 for disposal of petroleum-based products (waste oils), general office and cafeteria waste, and apparently some solvents [trichloroethylene (TCE)/tetrachloroethylene (PCE)]. Numerous analytical results have indicated the presence of TCE and its degradation product vinyl chloride in groundwater in and around the unit, and of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils within the unit. The DOSB is slated for additional assessment and perhaps for environmental remediation. In situ bioremediation represents a technology of demonstrated effectiveness in the reclamation of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents, and has been retained as an alternative for the cleanup of the DOSB. The Savannah River Site is therefore proposing to conduct a field treatability study designed to demonstrate and optimize the effectiveness of in situ microbiological biodegradative processes at the DOSB. The introduction of air and gaseous nutrients via two horizontal injection wells (bioventing) is expected to enhance biodegradation rates of petroleum components and stimulate microbial degradation of chlorinated solvents. The data gathered in this test will allow a determination of the biodegradation rates of contaminants of concern in the soil and groundwater, allow an evaluation of the feasibility of in situ bioremediation …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Berry, C.J.; Radway, J.C.; Alman, D. & Hazen, T.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The ARM eddy correlation system for monitoring surface fluxes
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program was established by the Department of Energy as part of the US Global Climate Change Research Program to improve methods of determining radiative transfer and cloud processes in large-scale models. The ARM observational facility in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the US uses various types of instrument systems to make continuous measurements of the state of the atmosphere, cloud properties, radiative transfer, and other forms of energy transfer. Most of the instrument systems for these continuous observations come from commercial sources; many are adaptations of systems that have been used previously, mostly in short-term field campaigns. Eddy correlation systems (ECORs) are used to measure the air-surface exchange rates of heat, moisture, and momentum at eight locations in the overall area (350 km by 400 km) of the SGP site. At most locations, measurements are made at a height of about three meters above the ground over tilled agricultural land. At 14 other locations, air-surface exchange is measured above grasslands with an energy balance Bowen ratio system.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Hart, R.L.; Cook, D.R. & Wesely, M.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Array design and expression evaluation in POOMA II
POOMA is a templated C++ class library for use in the development of large-scale scientific simulations on serial and parallel computers. POOMA II is a new design and implementation of POOMA intended to add richer capabilities and greater flexibility to the framework. The new design employs a generic Array class that acts as an interface to, or view on, a wide variety of data representation objects referred to as engines. This design separates the interface and the representation of multidimensional arrays. The separation is achieved using compile-time techniques rather than virtual functions, and thus code efficiency is maintained. POOMA II uses PETE, the Portable Expression Template Engine, to efficiently represent complex mathematical expressions involving arrays and other objects. The representation of expressions is kept separate from expression evaluation, allowing the use of multiple evaluator mechanisms that can support nested where-block constructs, hardware-specific optimizations and different run-time environments.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Karmesin, S.; Crotinger, J.; Cummings, J.; Haney, S.; Humphrey, W.; Reynders, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Artificial neural network simulation of battery performance
Although they appear deceptively simple, batteries embody a complex set of interacting physical and chemical processes. While the discrete engineering characteristics of a battery such as the physical dimensions of the individual components, are relatively straightforward to define explicitly, their myriad chemical and physical processes, including interactions, are much more difficult to accurately represent. Within this category are the diffusive and solubility characteristics of individual species, reaction kinetics and mechanisms of primary chemical species as well as intermediates, and growth and morphology characteristics of reaction products as influenced by environmental and operational use profiles. For this reason, development of analytical models that can consistently predict the performance of a battery has only been partially successful, even though significant resources have been applied to this problem. As an alternative approach, the authors have begun development of a non-phenomenological model for battery systems based on artificial neural networks. Both recurrent and non-recurrent forms of these networks have been successfully used to develop accurate representations of battery behavior. The connectionist normalized linear spline (CMLS) network has been implemented with a self-organizing layer to model a battery system with the generalized radial basis function net. Concurrently, efforts are under way to use the feedforward …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
O`Gorman, C. C.; Ingersoll, D.; Jungst, R. G. & Paez, T. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessing the potential of bioenergy. Final report, October 1, 1997--September 30, 1998
As electricity restructuring proceeds, traditional concepts of how energy is produced, transported, and utilized are likely to change dramatically. Marketplace, policy, and regulatory changes will shape both the domestic and global energy industry, improving opportunities for clean, low-cost energy, competitively priced fuels, and environmentally responsible power systems. Many of these benefits may be obtained by commercial deployment of advanced biomass power conversion technologies. The United BioEnergy Commercialization Association represents the US biomass power industry. Its membership includes investor-owned and public utilities, independent power producers, state and regional bioenergy, equipment manufacturers, and biomass energy developers. To carry out its mission, UBECA has been carrying out the following activities: production of informational and educational materials on biomass energy and distribution of such materials at public forums; technical and market analyses of biomass energy fuels, conversion technologies, and market issues; monitoring of issues affecting the biomass energy community; and facilitating cooperation among members to leverage the funds available for biomass commercialization activities.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Kirschner, J. & Badin, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of capital requirements for alternative fuels infrastructure under the PNGV program
This paper presents an assessment of the capital requirements of using six different fuels in the vehicles with tripled fuel economy (3X vehicles) that the Partnership for a new Generation of Vehicles is currently investigating. The six fuels include two petroleum-based fuels (reformulated gasoline and low-sulfur diesel) and four alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen). This study develops estimates of cumulative capital needs for establishing fuels production and distribution infrastructure to accommodate 3X vehicle fuel needs. Two levels of fuel volume-70,000 barrels per day and 1.6 million barrels per day-were established for meeting 3X-vehicle fuel demand. As expected, infrastructure capital needs for the high fuel demand level are much higher than for the low fuel demand level. Between fuel production infrastructure and distribution infrastructure, capital needs for the former far exceed those for the latter. Among the four alternative fuels, hydrogen bears the largest capital needs for production and distribution infrastructure.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Stork, K.; Singh, M.; Wang, M. & Vyas, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of cold neutron radiography capability
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The authors goals were to demonstrate and assess cold neutron radiography techniques at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), Manual Lujan Neutron Scattering Center (Lujan Center), and to investigate potential applications of the capability. The authors have obtained images using film and an amorphous silicon detector. In addition, a new technique they have developed allows neutron radiographs to be made using only a narrow range of neutron energies. Employing this approach and the Bragg cut-off phenomena in certain materials, they have demonstrated material discrimination in radiography. They also demonstrated the imaging of cracks in a sample of a fire-set case that was supplied by Sandia National Laboratory, and they investigated whether the capability could be used to determine the extent of coking in jet engine nozzles. The LANSCE neutron radiography capability appears to have applications in the DOE stockpile maintenance and science-based stockpile stewardship (SBSS) programs, and in industry.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
McDonald, Thomas E., Jr. & Roberts, Joyce A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Astrophysical Equation of State and Opacity
None
Date:
August 31, 1998
Creator:
Dappen, W. & Guzik, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Asymmetry in inclusive {pi}{sup {+-}}, p production at 22 GeV, BNL E925
Preliminary results from Experiment E925 on inclusive pion asymmetries from a 22 GeV/c polarized proton beam on a carbon target show significant asymmetries for {pi}{sup {+-}} production similar to those observed earlier at the ZGS and Fermilab with beams of 12 and 200 GeV respectively. This experiment demonstrates the viability of using the analyzing power in inclusive pion production for high energy beam polarimetry at RHIC. Inclusive proton asymmetries are consistent with zero.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Makdisi, Y.; Allgower, C. & Bai, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Asymptotic persistence of collective modes in shear flows
A new nonasymptotic method is presented that reveals an unexpected richness in the spectrum of fluctuations sustained by a shear flow with nontrivial arbitrary mean kinematics. The vigor of the method is illustrated by analyzing a two-dimensional, compressible hydrodynamic shear flow. The temporal evolution of perturbations spans a wide range of nonexponential behavior from growth-cum oscillations to monotonic growth. The principal characteristic of the revealed exotic collective modes in their asymptotic persistence. {open_quotes}Echoing{close_quotes} as well as unstable (including parametrically-driven) solutions are displayed. Further areas of application, for both the method and the new physics, are outlined.
Date:
March 31, 1998
Creator:
Mahajan, S. M. & Rogava, Andria D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Base Distance Optimization for SQUID Gradiometers
The measurement of magnetic fields generated by weak nearby biomagnetic sources is affected by ambient noise generated by distant sources both internal and external to the subject under study. External ambient noise results from sources with numerous origins, many of which are unpredictable in nature. Internal noise sources are biomagnetic in nature and result from muscle activity (such as the heart, eye blinks, respiration, etc.), pulsation associated with blood flow, surgical implants, etc. Any magnetic noise will interfere with measurements of magnetic sources of interest, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), in various ways. One of the most effective methods of reducing the magnetic noise measured by the SQUID sensor is to use properly designed superconducting gradiometers. Here, the authors optimized the baseline length of SQUID-based symmetric axial gradiometers using computer simulation. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used as the optimization criteria. They found that in most cases the optimal baseline is not equal to the depth of the primary source, rather it has a more complex dependence on the gradiometer balance and the ambient magnetic noise. They studied both first and second order gradiometers in simulated shielded environments and only second order gradiometers in a simulated unshielded environment. The noise source …
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Garachtchenko, Alexander; Matlashov, Andrei & Kraus, Robert
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Base program on energy related research. Quarterly report, August 1, 1993--October 31, 1993
Progress in four major research areas is summarized in this report. In the area of oil and gas, subtasks reported on are CROW process modeling and miscible-immiscible gas injection processes. Advanced systems applications research includes four subtasks: (1) development and optimization of a process for the production of a premium solid fuel from western U.S. coals, (2) development of an on-line alkali monitoring probe, (3) optimization of the recycle oil process for eastern oil shale, and (4) process support and development. Solid waste management and remediation of contaminated soils are reported on for the environmental technologies research area. Under applied energy science, heavy oil/plastics co-processing activities are described. Information supplied for each subtask includes an account status report, which includes budget and schedule data, and a brief project summary consisting of research objectives, accomplishments, and activities scheduled for the next quarter. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Base program on energy related research. Quaterly report, February 1, 1997--April 30, 1997
Progress in four major research areas is summarized in this report. In the area of oil and gas, subtasks reported on are miscible-immiscible gas injection processes, development of a portable data acquisition system and coalbed methane simulator, tank bottom waste processing using the TaBoRR Process, and bench-scale testing and verification of pyrolysis concept for remediation of tank bottoms. Advanced systems applications research includes design, assembly, and testing of a bench-scale fuel preparation and delivery system for pressurized application using coal fines. Five subtasks are reported on for the environmental technologies research area: (1) conditioning and hydration reactions associated with clean coal technology ash disposal/utilization, (2) remediation of contaminated soils, (3) the Syn-Ag Process: coal combustion ash management option, (4) the Maxi-Acid Process: in-situ amelioration of acid mine drainage, and (5) PEAC value-added project. Under applied energy science, heavy oil/plastics co-processing activities and fossil fuel and hydrocarbon conversion using hydrogen-rich plasmas are described. Information supplied for each subtask includes an account status report, which includes budget and schedule data, and a brief project summary consisting of research objectives, accomplishments, and activities scheduled for the next quarter. 2 tabs.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basis for low beam loss in the high-current APT linac
The present evidence that the APT proton linac design will meet its goal of low beam loss operation. The conclusion has three main bases: (1) extrapolation from the understanding of the performance of the 800-MeV LANSCE proton linac at Los Alamos, (2) the theoretical understanding of the dominant halo-forming mechanism in the APT accelerator from physics models and multiparticle simulations, and (3) the conservative approach and key principles underlying the design of the APT linac, which are aimed at minimizing beam halo and providing large apertures to reduce beam loss to a very low value.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Wangler, T. P.; Gray, E. R.; Krawczyk, F. L.; Kurennoy, S. S.; Lawrence, G. P.; Ryne, R. D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library