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Fabrication of high-density cantilever arrays and through-wafer interconnects (open access)

Fabrication of high-density cantilever arrays and through-wafer interconnects

Processes to fabricate dense, dry released microstructures with electrical connections on the opposite side of the wafer are described. A 10 x 10 array of silicon and polysilicon cantilevers with high packing density (5 tips/mm<sup>2</sup>) and high uniformity (<10 µm length variation across the wafer) are demonstrated. The cantilever release process uses a deep SF<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, plasma etch followed by a HBr plasma etch to accurately release cantilevers. A process for fabricating electrical contacts through the backside of the wafer is also described. Electrodeposited resist, conformal CVD metal deposition and deep SF<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub> plasma etching are used to make 30 µm/side square vias each of which has a resistance of 50 m(omega).
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: A. Harley, J.; Abdollahi-Alibeik, S.; Chow, E. M.; Kenney, T. W.; McCarthy, A. M.; McVittie, J. P. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Boron-enhanced diffusion of boron from ultralow-energy boron implantation (open access)

Boron-enhanced diffusion of boron from ultralow-energy boron implantation

The authors have investigated the diffusion enhancement mechanism of BED (boron enhanced diffusion), wherein the boron diffusivity is enhanced three to four times over the equilibrium diffusivity at 1,050 C in the proximity of a silicon layer containing a high boron concentration. It is shown that BED is associated with the formation of a fine-grain polycrystalline silicon boride phase within an initially amorphous Si layer having a high B concentration. For 0.5 keV B{sup +}, the threshold implantation dose which leads to BED lies between 3 {times} 10{sup 14} and of 1 {times} 10{sup 15}/cm{sup {minus}2}. Formation of the shallowest possible junctions by 0.5 keV B{sup +} requires that the implant dose be kept lower than this threshold.
Date: May 3, 1998
Creator: Agarwal, A.; Eaglesham, D.J.; Gossmann, H.J.; Pelaz, L.; Herner, S.B.; Jacobson, D.C. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Atomic electron correlations in intense laser fields (open access)

Atomic electron correlations in intense laser fields

Abstract. This talk examines two distinct cases in strong opbical fields where electron correlation plays an important role in the dynamic.s. In the first. example, strong coupling in a two-electron-like system is manifested as an intensity-dependent splitting in the ionized electron energy distribution. This two-electron phenomenon (dubbed continuum-continuum Autler-Townes effect) is analogous to a strongly coupled two- level, one-electron atom but raises some intriguing questions regarding the exact nature of electron-electron correlation. The second case examines the evidence for two-electron ionization in the strong-field tunneling limit. Although our ability to describe the one- electron dynamics has obtained a quantitative level of understanding, a description of the two (multiple) electron ionization remains unc
Date: September 3, 1998
Creator: Agostini, P. A.; DiMauro, L. F.; Kulander, K.; Sheehy, B. & Walker, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library

Oral History Interview with John B. Brush, February 3, 1998

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Interview with John Brush, a businessman and WWII POW from White Plains, New York. Brush discusses his family history, school, work for Procter & Gamble Company, marriage, moving to Manila in 1941, the lead up to war, the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, internment by the Japanese army at Santo Tomas Prison Camp, survival with his family, censorship and propaganda, shanties and villages, fake identities to help US servicemen survive, move to Los Baños camp, liberation, and return to the US.
Date: February 3, 1998
Creator: Alexander, William J. & Brush, John B.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 17, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 3, 1998 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 17, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 3, 1998

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: September 3, 1998
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 58, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 3, 1998 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 58, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 3, 1998

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 77, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1998 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 77, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1998

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: December 3, 1998
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 43, Ed. 1 Friday, April 3, 1998 (open access)

University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 43, Ed. 1 Friday, April 3, 1998

Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: April 3, 1998
Creator: Andris, Tonya
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998 captions transcript

Oral History Interview with Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998

Interview with Dan Wallace Bacon, a doctor from Kerrville, Texas. The interview includes his stories of serving as a doctor in Kerrville for over 40 years.
Date: March 3, 1998
Creator: Bacon, Dan Wallace & Bethel, Ann
Object Type: Video
System: The Portal to Texas History
JCZS: An Intermolecular Potential Database for Performing Accurate Detonation and Expansion Calculations (open access)

JCZS: An Intermolecular Potential Database for Performing Accurate Detonation and Expansion Calculations

Exponential-13,6 (EXP-13,6) potential pammeters for 750 gases composed of 48 elements were determined and assembled in a database, referred to as the JCZS database, for use with the Jacobs Cowperthwaite Zwisler equation of state (JCZ3-EOS)~l) The EXP- 13,6 force constants were obtained by using literature values of Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential functions, by using corresponding states (CS) theory, by matching pure liquid shock Hugoniot data, and by using molecular volume to determine the approach radii with the well depth estimated from high-pressure isen- tropes. The JCZS database was used to accurately predict detonation velocity, pressure, and temperature for 50 dif- 3 Accurate predictions were also ferent explosives with initial densities ranging from 0.25 glcm3 to 1.97 g/cm . obtained for pure liquid shock Hugoniots, static properties of nitrogen, and gas detonations at high initial pressures.
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: Baer, Melvin R.; Hobbs, Michael L. & McGee, Bruce C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Quantum Debye-Hueckel theory and the possible plasma phase transition (open access)

Quantum Debye-Hueckel theory and the possible plasma phase transition

In this paper the author first sketches the calculation of the pressure of a neutral, ion-electron gas as an expansion in powers of the electron charge, e, by means of the Matsubara, finite-temperature, many-body, perturbation theory. He then goes on to derive the Debye-H{umlt u} term and other equations to support his contentions. His results support but do not prove the existence of a phase transition.
Date: September 3, 1998
Creator: Baker, G., Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Progress in stabilization of plutonium and residues since DNFSB recommendation 94-1 (open access)

Progress in stabilization of plutonium and residues since DNFSB recommendation 94-1

There are approximately 100 metric tons of residues at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site containing approximately 3 metric tons of plutonium. The residues are byproducts of past plutonium operations incinerator ash; pyrochemical salts; graphite; sand, slag, and crucible; and miscellaneous forms of combustibles, glass, metal, and sludges. In September 1993, a report was released (Reference 1) which identified concerns with the chemical stability of the residues and with the integrity of packaging. In May 1997, the Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board published recommendation 94-1 citing a concern for the residue stability and requiring that the possibly unstable residues be processed within 3 years and all others within 5 years. A risk categorization scheme was developed which assigned a numerical risk to each residue type based on the probability and consequence of occurrence of failures associated with the hazards identified. The residues were ranked for priority of stabilization actions. Urgent concerns were resolved. All residue drums were vented to eliminate the potential for hydrogen and other explosive gas accumulation. Leaded rubber gloves and ion exchange resins were washed to eliminate the explosion potential. An aggressive characterization program was implemented to search for any additional safety or environmental concerns and to …
Date: March 3, 1998
Creator: Ball, J.M. & Dustin, D.F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emittance growth in heavy ion rings due to effects of space charge and dispersion (open access)

Emittance growth in heavy ion rings due to effects of space charge and dispersion

We review the derivation of moment equations which include the effects of space charge and dispersion in bends first presented in ref [1]. These equations generalize the familiar envelope equations to include the dispersive effects of bends. We review the application of these equations to the calculation of the change in emittance resulting from a sharp transition from a straight section to a bend section, using an energy conservation constraint. Comparisons of detailed 2D and 3D simulations of intense beams in rings using the WARP code (refs [2,3]) are made with results obtained from the moment equations. We also compare the analysis carried out in ref [1], to more recent analyses, refs [4,5]. We further examine self-consistent distributions of beams in bends and discuss the relevance of these distributions to the moment equation formulation.
Date: June 3, 1998
Creator: Barnard, J.J., LLNL
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 3, 1998 (open access)

News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 3, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Castroville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: September 3, 1998
Creator: Barnes, Thomas
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1998 (open access)

News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 3, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Castroville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: December 3, 1998
Creator: Barnes, Thomas
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Diode-pumped solid-state lasers: next generation drivers for inertial fusion energy and high energy density plasma physics (open access)

Diode-pumped solid-state lasers: next generation drivers for inertial fusion energy and high energy density plasma physics

We are in the process of developing and building a laser system as the first in a series of a new generation of diode-pumped solid-state Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) lasers at LLNL (see Fig. 1 below). This laser system named �Mercury� will be the first integrated demonstration of a scalable laser architecture compatible with advanced high energy density (HED) physics applications. Primary performance goals include 10% efficiencies at 10 Hz and a 1- 10 ns pulse with lo energies of 100 J and with 2(omega)J/3(omega) frequency conversion.
Date: August 3, 1998
Creator: Beach, R. J.; Bibeau, C.; Ebbers, C. A.; Emanuel, M. A.; Honea, E. C.; Krupke, W. F. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electromagnetic induction tomography field experiment at Lost Hills, CA (open access)

Electromagnetic induction tomography field experiment at Lost Hills, CA

We have collected borehole to surface electromagnetic induction field data for a shallow steam injection that is underway at Mobil Oil� s Lost Hills-3 field in San Joaquin Valley. Earlier work had been done at the same site by Wilt et al. (1996). This site is an interesting test for techniques under development for environmental engineering, because it can be viewed as an excellent analog of a shallow environmental remediation using steam injection. Surface magnetic field data (vertical and radial fields, magnitude and phase) were collected using 18 receiver stations along two profiles which ran radially from the EM transmitter well from 5 m to 120 m. The data at each surface station were collected while the EM transmitter was raised slowly from a depth of 120 m to a final depth of 20 m. As part of this experiment, a calibration of the EM transmitter was also performed. Magnetic field data from Lost Hills were successfully collected, including both vertical and horizontal (surface radial) magnitude and phase data along a northerly profile and along a westerly profile. We have observed that the radial receiver data appear to be better behaved than the vertical receiver data, suggesting that these data …
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: Berryman, J G & Buettner, H M
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Letter to Clara Luper offering assistance on the annual convention (open access)

Letter to Clara Luper offering assistance on the annual convention

Letter to Clara Luper offering assistance on the annual convention of the NAACP.
Date: June 3, 1998
Creator: Bess, Reginald A. Dr.
Object Type: Letter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Oral History Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998 (open access)

Oral History Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998

Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, a physician from Kerrville, Texas, who also served as the city and Kerr County health officer. Dr. Bacon discusses his family history, as well as his education, medical career, brief stint in the Air Force, and general town life in Kerrville. While working at Peterson Hospital in Kerrville, he treated trauma victims from car accidents on Highway 27. In the Air Force, he briefly practiced psychiatry, served as a prison doctor, and finally switched to obstetrics and gynecology. He relates stories from his time as an obstetrician, as well as a general practitioner and family physician. He also discusses the history of minority communities in Kerrville, especially during integration, and the founding of the Kerrville Veteran's Hospital. Dr. Bacon's further remembrances, as well as a historical profile of the Kerrville VA Hospital, are included at the end of the interview transcript.
Date: March 3, 1998
Creator: Bethel, Ann & Bacon, Dan Wallace
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Oral History Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998, Supplement (open access)

Oral History Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998, Supplement

Supplemental materials to accompany an interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, physician and musician of Kerr County, including photographs of family, his career as a doctor, musical activities, and newspaper clippings.
Date: March 3, 1998
Creator: Bethel, Ann & Bacon, Dan Wallace
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 55, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 3, 1998 (open access)

The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 55, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 3, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 3, 1998
Creator: Bishop, Karen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 59, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 3, 1998 (open access)

The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 59, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 3, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 3, 1998
Creator: Bishop, Karen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 93, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 3, 1998 (open access)

The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 93, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 3, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: Bishop, Karen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Multimedia Superabrasive, Laser Cladding, and Waterjet Technology Performance Support System (open access)

Multimedia Superabrasive, Laser Cladding, and Waterjet Technology Performance Support System

The objective of this project was to create a system that delivered the appropriate information to the machine tool user just when needed and in the most appropriate form. The expertise of FM&amp;T in the areas of instructional system design and multimedia creation was employed. Huffman brought together their subject matter experts from engineering, manufacturing, technical writing, and technical support. AlliedSignal FM&amp;T worked together with Huffman as a design team to determine what tasks must be accomplished throughout the machine tool production phases, who performs those tasks, what skills are utilized, and what information is required to support the tasks. This project resulted in the identification of information flow throughout the life cycle of the machine tool products. Specialized tools required for assembly and calibration procedures were identified and their images captured, digitized, and stored for easy retrieval within the PSS. Subject matter experts were interviewed to determine which tasks require highly specialized knowledge and skills. These tasks were then performed on actual machines and the technicians' actions captured on video tape. The resulting video segments were edited, digitized, and integrated into the information system portion of the PSS where they are available for viewing alongside procedural information presented on …
Date: April 3, 1998
Creator: Bohley, M.C. & Ciccateri, T.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library