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Scaling behavior in interference lithography (open access)

Scaling behavior in interference lithography

Interference lithography is an emerging, technology that provides a means for achieving high resolution over large exposure areas (approximately 1 m{sup 2}) with virtually unlimited depth of field. One- and two-dimensional arrays of deep submicron structures can be created using near i-line wavelengths and standard resist processing. In this paper, we report on recent advances in the development of this technology, focusing, in particular, on how exposure latitude and resist profile scale with interference period We present structure width vs dose curves for periods ranging from 200 nm to 1 um, demonstrating that deep submicron structures can be generated with exposure latitudes exceeding 30%. Our experimental results are compared to simulations based on PROLITIV2.
Date: February 27, 1998
Creator: Agayan, R.R.; Banyai, W.C. & Fernandez, A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Z-Pinch Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Target Physics Research at Sandia National Laboratories (open access)

Z-Pinch Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Target Physics Research at Sandia National Laboratories

Three hohlraum concepts are being pursued at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to investigate the possibility of using pulsed power driven magnetic implosions (z-pinches) to drive high gain targets capable of yields in the range of 200-1000 MJ. This research is being conducted on SNL'S.Z facility that is capable of driving peak currents of 20 MA in z-pinch loads producing implosion velocities as high as 7.5X 107 cm/s, x-ray energies approaching 2 MJ, and x-ray powers exceeding 200 TW. This paper will discuss each of these hohlraum concepts and will overview the experiments that have been conducted on these systems to date.
Date: October 27, 1998
Creator: Alberts, T. E.; Asay, J. R.; Baca, P. M.; Baker, K. L.; Breeze, S. P.; Chandler, G. A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 53, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 27, 1998 (open access)

The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 83, No. 53, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 27, 1998

Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: October 27, 1998
Creator: Allam, Heather
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Multi-Level Micromachined Systems-on-a-Chip: Technology and Applications (open access)

Multi-Level Micromachined Systems-on-a-Chip: Technology and Applications

Researchers at Sandia have recently designed and built several research prototypes, which demonstrate that truly complex mechanical systems can now be realized in a surface micromachined technology. These MicroElectro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS) include advanced actuators, torque multiplying gear tmins, rack and pinion assemblies, positionable mirrors, and mechanical discriminators. All of tile mechanical components are batch fabricated on a single chip of silicon using the infrastructure origimdly developed to support today's highly reliabk; and robust microelectronics industry. Sand ia is also developing the technology 10 integrate microelectronic circuits onto the s,ime piece of silicon that is used to fabricate the MEMS devices. This significantly increases sensitivity and reliability, while fhrther reducing package size and fabrication costs. A review of the MEMS technology and capabilities available at Sandia National Laboratories is presented.
Date: October 27, 1998
Creator: Allen, J. J.; Krygowski, T. W.; Miller, S. L.; Montague, S.; Rodgers, M. S.; Smith, J. H. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, February 27, 1998 (open access)

University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, February 27, 1998

Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: February 27, 1998
Creator: Andris, Tonya
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, March 27, 1998 (open access)

University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, March 27, 1998

Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date: March 27, 1998
Creator: Andris, Tonya
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Use of alternating-Z doubling in high-dynamic-range tripling: design and evaluation of an optimized prototype tripler (open access)

Use of alternating-Z doubling in high-dynamic-range tripling: design and evaluation of an optimized prototype tripler

We designed and tested an alternating-Z tripler that consisted of two detuned, Type-1, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KD*P) doublers and one KD*P mixer. The crystal thicknesses were, respectively, 13, 10 and 10 mm, and the detunings of the doublers were +420 and -520 µrad. All three crystals were fabricated from 80% deuterated KDP. Conversion efficiency was measured and calculated for input 1053- nm pulses with approximately rectangular waveforms and durations of either 1 or 6 ns, and for 20-ns pulses that exhibited intensity variation by a factor of 10. The measured peak conversion efficiency was more than 80%, and energy conversion efficiencies ranged from 62-80% depending on the waveform of the input pulse. The expected large dynamic range in input intensity, 9-10, was observed, and the measured and calculated efficiencies were in excellent agreement.
Date: July 27, 1998
Creator: Auerbach, J. M.; Barker, C.; Eimerl, D.; Milan, D. & Milonni, P. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Human events reference for ATHEANA (HERA) database description and preliminary user`s manual (open access)

Human events reference for ATHEANA (HERA) database description and preliminary user`s manual

The Technique for Human Error Analysis (ATHEANA) is a newly developed human reliability analysis (HRA) methodology that aims to facilitate better representation and integration of human performance into probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) modeling and quantification by analyzing risk-significant operating experience in the context of existing behavioral science models. The fundamental premise of ATHEANA is that error-forcing contexts (EFCs), which refer to combinations of equipment/material conditions and performance shaping factors (PSFs), set up or create the conditions under which unsafe actions (UAs) can occur. Because ATHEANA relies heavily on the analysis of operational events that have already occurred as a mechanism for generating creative thinking about possible EFCs, a database, called the Human Events Reference for ATHEANA (HERA), has been developed to support the methodology. This report documents the initial development efforts for HERA.
Date: May 27, 1998
Creator: Auflick, J.L.; Hahn, H.A. & Pond, D.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The dimensional stability of lightly-loaded epoxy joints (open access)

The dimensional stability of lightly-loaded epoxy joints

The use of adhesives to bond metal mounting structures to optical components can significantly simplify the design of an optical system. In precision applications, dimensional instability of the adhesive must be included as a component of the overall error budget. This paper describes the qualification testing of a balanced heterodyne interferometer system in a carefully controlled environment for the purpose of measuring joint stability. Results of this qualification test are reported.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Badami, V G; Lawton, K M; Patterson, S R & Tajbakhsh, H
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Role of intergrowths in the properties of the naturally layered manganites. (open access)

Role of intergrowths in the properties of the naturally layered manganites.

The structural and magnetic properties of the two-layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase SrO(La{sub 1{minus}x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}){sub 2} with x = 0.3 and x = 0.4 are investigated. These naturally layered manganites exhibit a colossal magnetoresistance, a magnetic anisotropy which is strongly composition-dependent, almost no remanence, and a non-vanishing magnetization in an extended temperature range above the Curie temperature (T{sub c}). The magnetization in this temperature range is not intrinsic to the crystal, but is attributed to intergrowths. These two-dimensional lattice imperfections consist of additional or missing SrO layers and have been observed in transmission electron micrographs. The magnetic properties of the intergrowths differ from the bulk crystal which results in unusual magnetic behavior.
Date: October 27, 1998
Creator: Bader, S. D.; Berger, A.; Jiang, J. S.; Miller, D. J.; Mitchell, J. F. & Osgood, R. M., III
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
In-process weld sampling during hot end welds of type W overpacks (open access)

In-process weld sampling during hot end welds of type W overpacks

Establish the criteria and process controls to be used in obtaining, testing, and evaluating in-process weld sample during the hot end welding of Type W Overpack capsules used to overpack CsCl capsules for storage at WESF.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Barnes, G. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998 (open access)

News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 39, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Castroville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Barnes, Thomas
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice (open access)

Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice

This report provides an overview of constitutional provisions, procedure, and practice of impeachment.
Date: February 27, 1998
Creator: Bazan, Elizabeth B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
First-principles calculation of atomic structure and electrochemical potential of Li{sub 1+x}V{sub 3}O{sub 8}. (open access)

First-principles calculation of atomic structure and electrochemical potential of Li{sub 1+x}V{sub 3}O{sub 8}.

Interest in the {gamma}-bronze, Li{sub 1+x}V{sub 3}O{sub g}, as a possible electrode material in rechargeable Li batteries has stimulated several experimental studies on this system. Detailed interpretation of the electrochemical and physical-property measurements is complicated by uncertainties regarding the structural arrangement of Li atoms as a function of x and by a phase transition between two monoclinic structures ({gamma}{sub a}, {gamma}{sub b}) during intercalation. To elucidate the atomic structures and the phase transition, first-principles calculations are performed with the local-density-functional-theory (LDFT) planewave pseudopotential method for both {gamma}{sub a} and {gamma}{sub b}, as a function of lithiation. Calculations for the compositions 1 + x = 1.5 and 1 + x = 4 confirm that the Li configuration determined in the existing x-ray diffraction structure refinements (at 1 + x = 1.2 and 1 + x = 4 respectively), coincide with the predicted low-energy configurations. Structure predictions were made at intermediate compositions, for which no experimental structure measurement is available. The order in which the tetrahedrally coordinated Li sites are filled at equilibrium as a function of x in {gamma}{sub a}, was predicted. Calculated electrochemical potentials as a function of composition agree well with experimental data.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Benedek, R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 54, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 27, 1998 (open access)

The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 54, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 27, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 27, 1998
Creator: Bishop, Karen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 92, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 27, 1998 (open access)

The Harper Herald (Harper, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 92, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 27, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 27, 1998
Creator: Bishop, Karen
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Decommissioning plan for the National Ignition Facility (open access)

Decommissioning plan for the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a US Department of Energy inertial confinement laser fusion experimental facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). To ensure that decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) issues at the end-of-life are manageable, this subject has received attention from an early stage. This paper summarizes the NIF D&D issues, and the status of the D&D plan.
Date: May 27, 1998
Creator: Brereton, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safety and environmental process for the design and construction of the National Ignition Facility (open access)

Safety and environmental process for the design and construction of the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laser fusion experimental facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This paper describes the safety and environmental processes followed by NIF during the design and construction activities.
Date: May 27, 1998
Creator: Brereton, S.J., LLNL
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Goldthwaite Eagle (Goldthwaite, Tex.), Vol. 105, No. 5, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998 (open access)

The Goldthwaite Eagle (Goldthwaite, Tex.), Vol. 105, No. 5, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 27, 1998

Weekly newspaper from Goldthwaite, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Bridges, G. Frank & Bridges, Georgie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Hidden quasars in ultraluminous infared galaxies (open access)

Hidden quasars in ultraluminous infared galaxies

Abstract. Many ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGS) are pow- ered by quasars hidden in the center, but many are also powered by starbursts. A simply diagnostic diagram is proposed that can iden- tify obscured quasars in ULIRGs by their high-ionization emission lines ([0 III]X5007/HP ,? 5), and �warm� IR color (&/f6s 2 0.25).
Date: August 27, 1998
Creator: Brotherton, M. S.; Stanford, S. A.; Tran, H. & van Breugel, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
PDJ Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 18, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 27, 1998 (open access)

PDJ Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 18, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 27, 1998

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 27, 1998
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
PDJ Weekender (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, February 27, 1998 (open access)

PDJ Weekender (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, February 27, 1998

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 27, 1998
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
PDJ Weekender (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 61, Ed. 1 Friday, March 27, 1998 (open access)

PDJ Weekender (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 61, Ed. 1 Friday, March 27, 1998

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 27, 1998
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History