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1.4 Natural Gas Combustion
This document focus's on the use of natural gas as a major combustion fuel and offers information on firing practices, emissions, and controls.
Date:
1998
Creator:
United States. Environmental Protection Agency.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1-GeV Linac Upgrade Study at Fermilab
A linac injector for a new proton source complex at Fermilab is assumed to have a kinetic energy of 1 GeV. This linac would be sized to accelerate 100 mA of H{sup -} beam in a 200 microsecond pulse at a 15 Hz repetition rate. This would be adequate to produce {approximately}10{sup 14} protons per pulse allowing for future improvements of the new proton source complex. An alternate proposal is to add 600 MeV of side coupled cavity linac at 805 MHz to the existing 400 MeV Linac. This addition may either be in a new location or use the present Booster tunnel. A discussion of these possibilities will be given.
Date:
September 1998
Creator:
Popovic, M.; Moretti, A.; Noble, R. & Schmidt, C. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
O(1/M{sup 3}) effects for heavy-light mesons in lattice NRQCD
The masses of spin-singlet and spin-triplet S-wave mesons containing a single heavy quark are computed in the quenched approximation. The light quark action and gauge field action are both classically-improved and tadpole-improved, and the couplings to the heavy quark are organized by the 1/M expansion of tadpole-improved NRQCD. At each of two lattice spacings, near 0.22fm and 0.26fm, meson masses are obtained for heavy quarks spanning the region between charmed and bottom mesons. Results up to O(1/M), O(1/M{sup 2})and O(1/M{sup 3}) are displayed separately, so that the convergence of the heavy quark expansion can be discussed. Also, the effect of each term in the O(1/M{sup 3}) contribution is computed individually. For bottom mesons the 1/M-expansion appears to be satisfactory, but the situation for charmed mesons is less clear.
Date:
March 1998
Creator:
Lewis, Randy & Woloshyn, R. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2-D electric fields and drifts near the magnetic separatrix in divertor tokamaks
A 2-D calculation is presented for the transport of plasma in the edge region of a divertor tokamak solving continuity, momentum, and energy balance fluid equations. The model uses anomalous radial diffusion, including perpendicular ion momentum, and classical cross-field drifts transport. Parallel and perpendicular currents yield a self-consistent electrostatic potential on both sides of the magnetic separatrix. Outside the separatrix, the simulation extends to material divertor plates where the incident plasma is recycled as neutral gas and where the plate sheath and parallel currents dominate the potential structure. Inside the separatrix, various radial current terms - from viscosity, charge-exchange and poloidal damping, inertia, and {triangledown}B - contribute to the determining the potential. The model rigorously enforces cancellation of gyro-viscous and magnetization terms from the transport equations. The results emphasize the importance of E x B particle flow under the X-point which depends on the sign of the toroidal magnetic field. Radial electric field (E{sub y}) profiles at the outer midplane are small with weak shear when high L-mode diffusion coefficients are used and are large with strong shear when smaller H-mode diffusion coefficients are used. The magnitude and shear of the electric field (E{sub y}) is larger both when the …
Date:
November 15, 1998
Creator:
Mattor, N.; Porter, G. D.; Rognlien, T. D. & Ryutov, D. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2-D Finite Element Cable and Box IEMP Analysis
A 2-D finite element code has been developed for the solution of arbitrary geometry cable SGEMP and box IEMP problems. The quasi- static electric field equations with radiation- induced charge deposition and radiation-induced conductivity y are numerically solved on a triangular mesh. Multiple regions of different dielectric materials and multiple conductors are permitted.
Date:
December 17, 1998
Creator:
Scivner, G.J. & Turner, C.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2-D linear motion system. Innovative technology summary report
The US Department of Energy's (DOE's) nuclear facility decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) program requires buildings to be decontaminated, decommissioned, and surveyed for radiological contamination in an expeditious and cost-effective manner. Simultaneously, the health and safety of personnel involved in the D and D activities is of primary concern. D and D workers must perform duties high off the ground, requiring the use of manlifts or scaffolding, often, in radiologically or chemically contaminated areas or in areas with limited access. Survey and decontamination instruments that are used are sometimes heavy or awkward to use, particularly when the worker is operating from a manlift or scaffolding. Finding alternative methods of performing such work on manlifts or scaffolding is important. The 2-D Linear Motion System (2-D LMS), also known as the Wall Walker{trademark}, is designed to remotely position tools and instruments on walls for use in such activities as radiation surveys, decontamination, and painting. Traditional (baseline) methods for operating equipment for these tasks require workers to perform duties on elevated platforms, sometimes several meters above the ground surface and near potential sources of contamination. The Wall Walker 2-D LMS significantly improves health and safety conditions by facilitating remote operation of equipment. …
Date:
November 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A 3-D hydrodynamic dispersion model for modeling tracer transport in Geothermal Reservoirs
A 3-D hydrodynamic dispersion model for tracer transport is developed and implemented into the TOUGH2 EOS3 (T2R3D) module. The model formulation incorporates a full dispersion tensor, based on a 3-D velocity field with a 3-D, irregular grid in a heterogeneous geological system. Two different weighting schemes are proposed for spatial average of 3-D velocity fields and concentration gradients to evaluate the mass flux by dispersion and diffusion of a tracer or a radionuclide. This new module of the TOUGH2 code is designed to simulate processes of tracer/radionuclide transport using an irregular, 3-D integral finite difference grid in non-isothermal, three-dimensional, multiphase, porous/fractured subsurface systems. The numerical method for this transport module is based on the integral finite difference scheme, as in the TOUGH2 code. The major assumptions of the tracer transport module are: (a) a tracer or a radionuclide is present and transported only within the liquid phase, (b) transport mechanisms include molecular diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion in the liquid phase in addition to advection, and (c) first order decay and linear adsorption on rock grains are taken into account. The tracer or radionuclide is introduced as an additional mass component into the standard TOUGH2 formulation, time is discretized fully implicitly, …
Date:
January 26, 1998
Creator:
Wu, Yu-Shu & Pruess, Karsten
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization of Contaminant Plumes
The overall objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for characterizing contaminant plumes in the earth's subsurface using field measurements of induced polarization (IP) effects. Three specific objectives towards this end are: (1) Understanding IP at the laboratory level through measurements of complex resistivity as a function of frequency in rock and soil samples with varying pore geometries, pore fluid conductivities and saturations, and contaminant chemistries and concentrations. (2) Developing effective data acquisition techniques for measuring the critical IP responses (time domain or frequency domain) in the field. (3) Developing modeling and inversion algorithms that permit the interpretation of field IP data in terms of subsurface geology and contaminant plume properties.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Morgan, F. Dale; Rodi, William & Lesmes, David
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization of Contaminant Plumes. 1998 Annual Progress Report
'The overall objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for characterizing contaminant plumes in the earth''s subsurface using field measurements of induced polarization (IP) effects. Three specific objectives towards this end are: (1) understanding IP at the laboratory level through measurements of complex resistivity as a function of frequency in rock and soil samples with varying pore geometries, pore fluid conductivities and saturations, and contaminant chemistries and concentrations; (2) developing effective data acquisition techniques for measuring the critical IP responses (time domain or frequency domain) in the field; (3) developing modeling and inversion algorithms that permit the interpretation of field IP data in terms of subsurface geology and contaminant plume properties. The authors laboratory experiments to date are described in Appendices A and B, which consist of two papers submitted to the annual SAGEEP conference (Frye et al., 1998; Sturrock et al., 1998). The experiments involved measurements of complex resistivity vs. frequency on a suite of brine saturated sandstone samples. In one set of experiments, the fluid chemistry (pH, ionic strength, and cation type) was varied. In a second set of experiments, the microgeometry of the rock matrix was varied. The experiments showed that spectral IP responses …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Morgan, F. D.; Rodi, W. & Lesmes, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3 MW, 110 GHz ECH system for the DIII-D tokamak
To support the Advanced Tokamak (AT) operating regimes in the DIII-D tokamak, methods need to be developed to control the current and pressure profiles across the plasma discharge. In particular, AT plasmas require substantial off-axis current in contrast to normal tokamak discharges where the current peaks on-axis. An effort is under way to use Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) as a method of sustaining the off-axis current in AT plasmas. The first step in this campaign is the installation of three megawatts of electron cyclotron heating power. This involves the installation of three rf systems operating at 110 GHz, the second harmonic resonance frequency on DIII-D, with each system generating nominally 1 MW. The three systems will use one GYCOM (Russian) gyrotron and two CPI (formerly Varian) gyrotrons, all with windowless evacuated corrugated low loss transmission lines. The first two of three 1 MW ECH systems is operating routinely at DIII-D with injected power at 110 GHz of approximately 1.5 MW with good power accountability. Transport experiments using modulated ECH have been performed confirming the power deposition location. On-axis and off-axis current drive experiments have been successfully performed with on-axis ECCD currents of 170 kA being observed.
Date:
July 1998
Creator:
Callis, R. W.; Lohr, J.; Ponce, D.; Harris, T. E.; O`Neill, R. C.; Remsen, D.B. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3(omega) damage threshold evaluation of final optics components using Beamlet mule and off-line testing
A statistics-based model is being developed to predict the laser-damage-limited lifetime of UV optical components on the NIF laser. In order to provide data for the model, laser damage experiments were performed on the Beamlet laser system at LLNL. An early prototype NIF focus lens was exposed to twenty 35 1 nm pulses at an average fluence of 5 J/cm{sup 2}, 3ns. Using a high resolution optic inspection system a total of 353 damage sites was detected within the 1160 cm{sup 2} beam aperture. Through inspections of the lens before, after and, in some cases, during the campaign, pulse to pulse damage growth rates were measured for damage initiating both on the surface and at bulk inclusions. Growth rates as high as 79 {micro}m/pulse (surface diameter) were observed for damage initiating at pre-existing scratches in the surface. For most damage sites on the optic, both surface and bulk, the damage growth rate was approximately l0{micro}m/pulse. The lens was also used in Beamlet for a subsequent 1053 {micro}m/526 {micro}m campaign. The 352 {micro}m-initiated damage continued to grow during that campaign although at generally lower growth rate.
Date:
July 27, 1998
Creator:
Kozlowski, M. F.; Maricle, S.; Mouser, R.; Schwartz, S.; Wegner, P. & Weiland, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
4-D conformal field theories and strings on orbifolds
None
Date:
March 16, 1998
Creator:
Kachru, Shamit & Silverstein, Eva
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5 Cookies
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Recording of Paul Geladi's 5 Cookies. This piece is based on percussive sounds that come mainly from 5 cookie jars and a broken aluminum broomstick. It is a reworked version of "5 cookie jars and a broomstick" from 1995.
Date:
1998
Creator:
Geladi, Paul
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5 Interazioni cicliche alle differenze sensibili
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Recording of Scipio di Agostino's 5 Interazioni cicliche alle differenze sensibili. This work consists of 5 untitled movements. This composition was written for string quartet and computer processing. The string instrumentals are not meant to sound like their traditional timbre and instead have become something that is algorithmically conceived and interactively regulated.
Date:
1998
Creator:
di Scipio, Agostino
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5-level polysilicon surface micromachine technology: Application to complex mechanical systems
The authors recently reported on the development of a 5-level poly-ilicon surface micromachine fabrication process consisting of four levels of mechanical poly plus an electrical interconnect layer. They are now reporting on the first components designed for and fabricated in this process. These are demonstration systems, which definitively show that five levels of polysilicon provide greater performance, reliability, and significantly increased functionality. This new technology makes it possible to realize levels of system complexity that have so far only existed on paper, while simultaneously adding to the robustness of many of the individual subassemblies.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Rodgers, M. S. & Sniegowski, J. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5 little things mother taught me
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Recording of Jeffrey Faustman's 5 little things mother taught me. This work is a collection of five miniatures composed from three sound sources: the soprano voice from Edgar Varese's "Poem Electrique", the composer's voice, and a radio broadcast. The movements are titled: 1. Cantare, 2. Tedium, 3. Traumen, 4. Distance, and 5. Escape/Hallucination.
Date:
1998
Creator:
Faustman, Jeffrey
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5 little things mother taught me
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Recording of Jeffrey Faustman's 5 little things mother taught me. This work is a collection of five miniatures composed from three sounds. Most of the material was generated from a single sample of an analog recording of a soprano voice - the soprano voice from Edgar Varese's POEM ELECTRIQUE "to be exact. The other two sound sources are the composer's voice and a radio broadcast.
Date:
1998
Creator:
Faustman, Jeffrey
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
9 M.y. record of southern Nevada climate from Yucca Mountain secondary minerals
Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is presently the object of intense study as a potential permanent repository for the Nation`s high-level radioactive wastes. The mountain consists of a thick sequence of volcanic tuffs within which the depth to water table ranges from 500 to 700 meters below the land surface. This thick unsaturated zone (UZ), which would host the projected repository, coupled with the present day arid to semi-arid climate, is considered a favorable attribute of the site. Evaluation of the site includes defining the relation between climate variability, as the input function or driver of site- and regional-scale ground-water flow, and the possible future transport and release of radionuclides to the accessible environment. Secondary calcite and opal have been deposited in the UZ by meteoric waters that infiltrated through overlying soils and percolated through the tuffs. The oxygen isotopic composition ({delta}{sup 18}O values) of these minerals reflect contemporaneous meteoric waters and the {delta}{sup 13}C values reflect soil organic matter, and hence the resident plant community, at the time of infiltration. Recent U/Pb age determinations of opal in these occurrences, coupled with the {delta}{sup 13}C values of associated calcite, allow broadbrush reconstructions of climate patterns during the past 9 M.y.
Date:
December 1998
Creator:
Whelan, Joseph F. & Moscati, Richard J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE 15 LAYER SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR TRACKER IN EXPERIMENT 896.
Large linear silicon drift detectors have been developed and are in production for use in several experiments. Recently 15 detectors were used as a tracking device in BNL-AGS heavy ion experiment (E896). The detectors were successfully operated in a 6.2 T magnetic field. The behavior of the detectors, such as drift uniformity, resolution, and charge collection efficiency are presented. The effect of the environment on the detector performance is discussed. Some results from the experimental run are presented. The detectors performed well in an experimental environment. This is the first tracking application of these detectors.
Date:
November 8, 1998
Creator:
Pandy, S. U.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
25. anniversary of the 1973 oil embargo: Energy trends since the first major U.S. energy crisis
The purpose of this publication is not to assess the causes of the 1973 energy crisis or the measures that were adopted to resolve it. The intent is to present some data on which such analyses can be based. Many of the trends presented here fall into two distinct periods. From 1973 to the mid-1980`s, prices continued at very high levels, in part because of a second oil shock in 1979--80. During this period, rapid progress was made in raising American oil production, reducing dependence on oil imports, and improving end-use efficiency. After the oil price collapse of the mid-1980`s, however, prices retreated to more moderate levels, the pace of efficiency gains slowed, American oil production fell, and the share of imports rose. 30 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
60 kilograms high explosive containment with multi-diagnostic capability
In anticipation of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) proposes to construct a 60 kilogram (kg) firing chamber to provide blast-effects containment for most of its open-air, high explosives, firing operations. Even though these operations are within current environmental limits, containment of the blast effects and hazardous debris will further drastically reduce emissions to the environment and minimize the generated hazardous waste.
Date:
September 17, 1998
Creator:
Simmons, L. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
S 98-7
Loose brown, white and black brushstrokes scraped and smeared with a gradation from white to black motif floating in the center of the canvas.
Date:
1998
Creator:
Falsetta, Vincent
Object Type:
Artwork
System:
The UNT Digital Library
105-K Basin material design basis feed description for spent nuclear fuel project facilities
Revisions 0 and 0A of this document provided estimated chemical and radionuclide inventories of spent nuclear fuel and sludge currently stored within the Hanford Site`s 105-K Basins. This Revision (Rev. 1) incorporates the following changes into Revision 0A: (1) updates the tables to reflect: improved cross section data, a decision to use accountability data as the basis for total Pu, a corrected methodology for selection of the heat generation basis fee, and a revised decay date; (2) adds section 3.3.3.1 to expand the description of the approach used to calculate the inventory values and explain why that approach yields conservative results; (3) changes the pre-irradiation braze beryllium value.
Date:
January 8, 1998
Creator:
Praga, A. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
105-K Basin material design basis feed description for spent nuclear fuel project facilities. Volume 2: Sludge
Volume 2 provides the design feed compositions for the baseline K East and K West Basin sludge process streams expected to be generated during Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Project activities. Four types of feeds are required to support evaluation of specific facility and process considerations during the development of new facilities and processes. These four design feeds provide nominal and bounding conditions for design evaluations. Volume 2 includes definition of inventories for: (1) KE and KW Basins sludge locations (pit sludges, floor sludge, canister.sludge, and wash sludge components), (2) nominal feed for each of five process feed streams, (3) shielding design feed, (4) safety/regulatory assessment feed, and (5) criticality assessment feed.
Date:
August 30, 1998
Creator:
Pearce, K. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library