We present results of the first measurements of density, shock speed and particle speed in compressed liquid deuterium at pressures in excess in 1 Mbar. We have performed equation of state (EOS) measurements on the principal Hugoniot of liquid deuterium from 0.2 to 2 Mbar. We employ high-resolution radiography to simultaneously measure the compression of the sample. We are also attempting to measure the color temperature of the shocked D2. Key to this effort is the development and implementation of interferometric methods in order to carefully characterized the profile and steadiness of the shock and the level of preheat in the samples. These experiments allow us to differentiate between the accepted EOS model for D2 and a new model which included the effects of molecular dissociation on the EOS.

This report discusses activity at Los Alamos on the nuclear optical model. In particular, the following topics are discussed: format of the optical model parameter library; contents of the library; validation of the optical model library; and conclusions and recommendations.

A research program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) which deals with the development and application of processes for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges has led to the identification and design of cost-efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methodology. Initially the primary goal of the processing was to convert geothermal wastes into disposable materials whose chemical composition would satisfy environmental regulations. An expansion of the R&D effort allowed to identify a combination of biochemical and chemical processes which became a basis for the development of a technology for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges. The new technology satisfies environmental regulatory requirements and concurrently converts the geothermal brines and sludges into commercially promising products. Because the chemical composition of geothermal wastes depends on the type of the resource and therefore differs, the emerging technology has to be also flexible so that it can be readily modified to suit the needs of a particular type of resource. Recent conceptional designs for the processing of hypersaline and low salinity brines and sludges will be discussed.

The evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability at an embedded, or classical, interface is examined in a series of experiments at the Nova laserfacility .[reference for Nova] These experiments focused on the transition from the linear to nonlinear regimes for both single- and multimode initialperturbations. The development of a single mode at the embedded interface is compared to its evolution at an ablation front and the effect of ablativestabilization is experimentally demonstrated. The multimode experiments have shown evidence of the process of bubble competition, whereinneighboring structures either continue to rise or are washed downstream in the flow depending upon their relative size. The experiments with simulations performed with either the LASNEX are comparedcode [G. B.Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2,51 (1975).], a two-dimensional Lagrangian radiation-hydrodynamics code, or CALE [R. Tipton, reference for CALE], a two-dimensional arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian radiation-hydrodynamics code.

This paper uses high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a LaB6 gun and the newest commercial field emission guns, to obtain high magnification images of intact clostridial spores throughout the activation/germination/outgrowth process. By high resolution SEM, the clostridial exosporial membrane can be seen to produce numerous delicate projections (following activation), that extend from the exosporial surface to a nutritive substrate (agar), or cell surface when anaerobically incubated in the presence of human cells (embryonic fibroblasts and colon carcinoma cells). Magnifications of 20,000 to 200,000Xs at accelerating voltages low enough to minimize or eliminate specimen damage (1--5 kV) have permitted the entire surface of C.sporogenes and C.difficile endospores to be examined during all stages of germination. The relationships between the spore and the agar or human cell surface were also clearly visible.

None

Article on a computational study of C-H bond strengths in polyfluoroalkanes.

The properties of an ion-optical device consisting of twelve long parallel rods placed equidistantly on a circle are briefly reviewed. The use of this device in its dodecapole configuration to deflect ions in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the dodecapole is discussed. Results of trajectory computations made with the SIMION ion-optics computer program demonstrate that the device works remarkably well in separating the constituents of a multiply-charged ion beam. The use of this device to merge an ion beam with an optical beam is proposed.

We describe the status of a distributed radiator heavy ion target design. In integrated calculations this target ignited and produced 390-430 MJ of yieldwhen driven with 5.8-6.5 MJ of 3-4 GeV Pb ions. The target has cylindrical symmetry with disk endplates. The ions uniformly illuminate these endplates in a 5mm radius spot. We discuss the considerations which led to this design together with some previously unused design features: low density hohlraum walls in approximate pressure balance with internal low-Z fill materials, radiationsymmetry determined by the position of the radiator materials and particle ranges, and early time pressure symmetry possibly influenced by radiation shims. We discuss how this target scales to lower input energy or to lower beam power. Variant designs with more realistic beam focusing strategies are also discussed. We show the tradeoffs required for targets which accept higher particle energies.

An experimental signature for detecting spontaneous lateral composition modulation in a (InAs){sub n}/(GaAs){sub m} short period superlattice on an InP substrate based on magnetoexciton spectroscopy described. The authors find by aligning the magnetic field in three crystallographic directions, one parallel to and the other two perpendicular to the composition modulation direction, that the magnetoexciton shifts are anisotropic and are a good indicator for the presence of composition modulation.

We are presently adding the capability to irradiate indirectly-driven Nova targets with two rings of illumination inside each end of the hohlraum for studies of time-dependent second Legendre (P2) and time- integrated fourth Legendre (P4) flux asymmetry control. The rings will be formed with specially designed kinoform phase plates (KPPs), which will direct each half of each beam into two separate rings that are nearly uniform azimuthally. The timing and temporal pulse shape of the outer rings will be controlled independently from those of the inner rings, allowing for phasing of the pulse shapes to control time dependent asymmetry. Modifications to the incident beam diagnostics (IBDS) will enable us to verify that acceptable levels of power balance among the contributing segments of each ring have been achieved on each shot. Current techniques for precision beam pointing and timing are expected to be sufficiently accurate for these experiments. We present a design for an affordable retrofit to achieve beam phasing on Nova, results of a simplified demonstration, and calculations highlighting the anticipated benefits.

The quark Dyson-Schwinger equation shows that there are distinct differences between light and heavy quarks. The dynamical mass function of the light quarks is characterized by a sharp increase below 1 GeV, whereas the mass function of the heavy quarks is approximately constant in this infrared region. As a consequence, the heavy meson masses increase linearly with the current quark masses, whereas the light pseudoscalar meson masses are proportional to the square root of the current quark masses.

None

Physical security technologies have been unable to address most `Trojan Horse' scenarios at vehicle portals which provide access through the perimeter of a secure area. Thorough visual searches of vehicle cargo containers are time consuming, involve a number of security personnel and are cursory at best. Vehicles entering or exiting a protected site provide an adversary with an easy pathway across secure boundaries. A method to detect the presence of persons hiding within a vehicle's enclosed cargo container has been developed by LQckheed Martin Energy Systems. The system measures vibrations coupled to the container and generated by the human heart. Each time the human heart beats, it generates a small but measurable shock wave. This shock wave is propagated through the body and transmitted to anything with which the body has contact. This wave is referred to as a baflistocardiograrn and is the mechanical equivalent to an electrocardiogram. Systems have been installed in several State prisons and have been independently tested and evaluated. The effectiveness of the system has been determined by the Thunder Mountain Evaluation Center at Fort Huachuca. Arizona. Sympathetic vibrations of the cargo container's surface can be collected using any of several detection methods, i.e. infrared, Doppler …

The electrostatic comb finger drive has become an integral design for microsensor and microactuator applications. This paper reports on utilizing the levitation effect of comb fingers to design vertical-to-the-substrate actuation for interferometric applications. For typical polysilicon comb drives with 2 {micro}m gaps between the stationary and moving fingers, as well as between the microstructures and the substrate, the equilibrium position is nominally 1-2 {micro}m above the stationary comb fingers. This distance is ideal for many phase shifting interferometric applications. Theoretical calculations of the vertical actuation characteristics are compared with the experimental results, and a general design guideline is derived from these results. The suspension flexure stiffnesses, gravity forces, squeeze film damping, and comb finger thicknesses are parameters investigated which affect the displacement curve of the vertical microactuator. By designing a parallel plate capacitor between the suspended mass and the substrate, in situ position sensing can be used to control the vertical movement, providing a total feedback-controlled system. Fundamentals of various capacitive position sensing techniques are discussed. Experimental verification is carried out by a Zygo distance measurement interferometer.

The accelerator production of tritium (APT) facility, with its high beam current and high beam energy, would be an ideal supplier of radioisotopes for medical research, imaging, and therapy. By-product radioisotopes will be produced in the APT window and target cooling systems and in the tungsten target through spallation, neutron, and proton interactions. High intensity proton fluxes are potentially available at three different energies for the production of proton- rich radioisotopes. Isotope production targets can be inserted into the blanket for production of neutron-rich isotopes. Currently, the major production sources of radioisotopes are either aging or abroad, or both. The use of radionuclides in nuclear medicine is growing and changing, both in terms of the number of nuclear medicine procedures being performed and in the rapidly expanding range of procedures and radioisotopes used. A large and varied demand is forecast, and the APT would be an ideal facility to satisfy that demand.

The cross section for photoproduction of a prompt photon in association with a jet is studied in Next-to-Leading Order at the DESY ep collider HERA. The effect of various cuts imposed on the cross section by the ZEUS collaboration including isolation cuts on the photon is examined. Comparisons with the ZEUS preliminary data using various parametrizations of the photon structure function is made, and good agreement is found. The preliminary data is not yet precise enough to make a distinction between various models for the photon structure function.

The thickness and high absorptivity of single hairs typically result in the saturation of major infrared bands and their distortion. Single human hairs longitudinally microtomed and mounted on mirror slides were scanned routinely in the past with a 20 {micro}m x 100 {micro}m aperture that limited spatial resolution for localized probing and detailed mapping. Use of the nondivergent, bright, and low-noise synchrotron source for FT-IR microspectroscopy enables good S/N even at apertures as small as 5--6 {micro}m. Functional group mapping as well as localized probing for extraneous materials illustrates the utility of this powerful probe.

The effect of beam structure on propagation through underdense plasma is examined in two different examples. First, it is shown that the distribution of intensities within a laser beam affects how the beam deflects in the presence of transverse plasma flow. A detailed analysis of beam deflection shows that the rate scales linearly with intensity and plasma density, and inversely with plasma temperature. When the plasma flow is subsonic, the deflection rate is proportional to the ion damping decrement, and scales as M/(1 - M{sup 2}){sup 3/2}, where M is the transverse flow Mach number. When the plasma flow is supersonic, the deflection rate scales as 1/[M(M{sup 2} - 1){sup 1/2}]. Next, the effect of beam structure on channel formation by very intense laser beer is studied. A diffraction-limited beam with 40 TW of input power forms a channel through 4OOpm of plasma, whereas when this beam is phase aberrated, channel formation does not occur.

Biometric measurements derived from finger- or voiceprints, hand geometry, retinal vessel pattern and iris texture characteristics etc. can be identifiers of individuals. In each case, the measurements can be coded into a statistically unique bit-string for each individual. While in electronic commerce and other electronic transactions the proof of identity of an individual is provided by the use of either public key cryptography or biometric data, more secure applications can be achieved by employing both. However the former requires the use of exact bit patterns. An error correction procedure allows us to successfully combine the use of both to provide a general procedure for remote secure proof of identity using a generic biometric device. One such procedure has been demonstrated using a device based on hand geometry.

The use of a magnetic field within a fusion target is now known as Magnetized Target Fusion in the US and as MAGO (Magnitnoye Obzhatiye, or magnetic compression) in Russia. In contrast to direct, hydrodynamic compression of initially ambient-temperature fuel (e.g., ICF), MTF involves two steps: (a) formation of a warm, magnetized, wall-confined plasma of intermediate density within a fusion target prior to implosion; (b) subsequent quasi-adiabatic compression and heating of the plasma by imploding the confining wall, or pusher. In many ways, MTF can be considered a marriage between the more mature MFE and ICF approaches, and this marriage potentially eliminates some of the hurdles encountered in the other approaches. When compared to ICF, MTF requires lower implosion velocity, lower initial density, significantly lower radial convergence, and larger targets, all of which lead to substantially reduced driver intensity, power, and symmetry requirements. When compared to MFE, MTF does not require a vacuum separating the plasma from the wall, and, in fact, complete magnetic confinement, even if possible, may not be desirable. The higher density of MTF and much shorter confinement times should make magnetized plasma formation a much less difficult step than in MFE. The substantially lower driver requirements …

Article on the solubility of anthracene in binary alcohol + 2-methoxyethyl ether solvent mixtures.

Article discussing the solubility of anthracene in binary alkane + 2-butoxyethanol solvent mixtures at 298.2 K.

Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure spin wave excitations in the quasi-one dimensional S = 3/2 magnetic material CsVBr{sub 3}. Dispersion relations were determined using standard triple-axis methods. Fits to linear spin wave theory yield model Hamiltonian parameters describing magnetic interactions in the system.