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Characterization, minimization and disposal of radioactive, hazardous, and mixed wastes during cleanup and rransition of the Tritium Research Laboratory (TRL) at Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA)
This document provides an outline of waste handling practices used during the Sandia National Laboratory/California (SNL/CA), Tritium Research Laboratory (TRL) Cleanup and Transition project. Here we provide background information concerning the history of the TRL and the types of operations that generated the waste. Listed are applicable SNL/CA site-wide and TRL local waste handling related procedures. We describe personnel training practices and outline methods of handling and disposal of compactible and non-compactible low level waste, solidified waste water, hazardous wastes and mixed wastes. Waste minimization, reapplication and recycling practices are discussed. Finally, we provide a description of the process followed to remove the highly contaminated decontamination systems. This document is intended as both a historical record and as a reference to other facilities who may be involved in similar work.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Garcia, T.B. & Gorman, T.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of microstructure and crack propagation in alumina using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM)
TEM, while capable of determining misorientation of adjacent grains, can practicably provide information only for a small number of grain boundaries. A more complete description of the structure of a polycrystal can be obtained using a new technique OIM, which uses crystallographic orientation data obtained from Backscattered Electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKP), collected using SEM. This paper describes general OIM results for 99.7 and 99.99% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} samples with grain sizes 4-27 {mu}m. The results include image quality maps, grain boundary maps, pole figures, and lattice misorientations depicted on MacKenzie plots and in Rodrigues space. High quality BEKPs were obtained from all specimens. Images and data readily reveal the grain morphology, texture, and grain boundary structure. Subtle differences in texture and grain boundary structure (crystallite lattice misorientations) are observed for the different alumina specimens. Distributions of misorientations for cracked boundaries in alumina are compared to the bulk distribution of boundaries and generally larger misorientations are observed.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Glass, S. Jill; Michael, Joseph R.; Readey, Michael J.; Wright, Stuart I. & Field, David P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of microstructure and crack propagation in alumina using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). December 1996
A more complete description requires the lattice orientations of a statistically significant number of grains, coupled with morphology such as grain size and shape; this can be obtained using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), which uses crystallographic orientation data from Backscattered Electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKP) collected using a SEM. This report describes the OIM results for alumina; these include image quality maps, grain boundary maps, pole figures, and lattice misorientations depicted on MacKenzie plot and in Rodrigues space. High quality BEKP were obtained and the images and data readily reveal the grain morphology, texture, and grain boundary misorientations, including those for cracked boundaries. A larger number of grains should be measured to make statistical comparisons between materials with different processing histories.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Glass, S. J.; Michael, J. R.; Readey, M. J.; Wright, S. I. & Field, D. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of the MVST waste tanks located at ORNL
During the fall of 1996 there was a major effort to sample and analyze the Active Liquid Low-Level Waste (LLLW) tanks at ORNL which include the Melton Valley Storage Tanks (MVST) and the Bethel Valley Evaporator Service Tanks (BVEST). The characterization data summarized in this report was needed to address waste processing options, address concerns of the performance assessment (PA) data for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), evaluate the characteristics with respect to the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for WIPP and Nevada Test Site (NTS), address criticality concerns, and meet DOT requirements for transporting the waste. This report only discusses the analytical characterization data for the MVST waste tanks. The isotopic data presented in this report support the position that fissile isotopes of uranium and plutonium were ``denatured`` as required by administrative controls. In general, MVST sludge was found to be both hazardous by RCRA characteristics and the transuranic alpha activity was well about the limit for TRU waste. The characteristics of the MVST sludge relative to the WIPP WAC limits for fissile gram equivalent, plutonium equivalent activity, and thermal power from decay heat, were estimated from the data in this report and found to be far below the …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Keller, J.M.; Giaquinto, J.M. & Meeks, A.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterizing large strain crush response of redwood
Containers for the transportation of hazardous and radioactive materials incorporate redwood in impact limiters. Redwood is an excellent energy absorber, but only the most rudimentary information exists on its crush properties. The objectives of the study were to fill the information gap by collecting triaxial load-deformation data for redwood; to use these data to characterize redwood crush, assess current wood failure theories, provide developments toward a complete stress-strain theory for redwood; and to review the literature on strain-rate effects on redwood crush performance. The load-deformation responses of redwood at temperature conditions corresponding to ambient (70{degrees}F), 150{degrees}F, and {minus}20{degrees}F conditions were measured in approximately 100 confined compression tests for crush levels leading to material densification. Data analysis provided a more complete description of redwood crush performance and a basis for assessing proposed general orthotropic stress-strain relationships for redwood. A review of existing literature indicated that strain-rate effects cause at most a 20 percent increase in crush stress parallel to grain.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Cramer, S. M.; Hermanson, J. C. & McMurtry, W. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 215, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 1, 1996
Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Bush, Kent
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Christian Chronicle (Oklahoma City, Okla.), Vol. 53, No. 12, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 1, 1996
Monthly newspaper from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma that includes news and information about the Churches of Christ along with advertising.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
McBride, Bailey & Shipp, Glover
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Cladding metallurgy and fracture behavior during reactivity-initiated accidents at high burnup
High-burnup fuel failure during a reactivity-initiated accident has been the subject of safety-related concern. Because of wide variations in metallurgical and simulation test conditions, it has been difficult to understand the complex failure behavior from major tests in NSRR and CABRI reactors. In this paper, a failure model based on fracture toughness and microstructural characteristics is proposed in which fracture toughness of high-burnup cladding is assumed to be sensitive to temperature and exhibit ductile-brittle transition phenomena similar to those of irradiated bcc alloys. Significant effects of temperature and shape of the pulse are predicted when a simulated test is conducted near the material`s transition temperature. Temperature dependence of fracture toughness is, in turn, sensitive to cladding microstructure such as density, distribution, and orientation of hydrides, oxygen distribution in the metallic phase, and irradiation-induced damage. Because all these factors are strongly influenced by corrosion, the key parameters that influence susceptibility to failure are oxide layer thickness and hydriding behavior. Therefore, fuel failure is predicted to be strongly dependent on cladding axial location as well as on burnup. 10 figs, 21 refs.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Chung, H.M. & Kassner, T.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Climate system modeling on massively parallel systems: LDRD Project 95-ERP-47 final report
Global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion, and biodiversity loss are some of the major climate-related issues presently being addressed by climate and environmental scientists. Because unexpected changes in the climate could have significant effect on our economy, it is vitally important to improve the scientific basis for understanding and predicting the earth`s climate. The impracticality of modeling the earth experimentally in the laboratory together with the fact that the model equations are highly nonlinear has created a unique and vital role for computer-based climate experiments. However, today`s computer models, when run at desired spatial and temporal resolution and physical complexity, severely overtax the capabilities of our most powerful computers. Parallel processing offers significant potential for attaining increased performance and making tractable simulations that cannot be performed today. The principal goals of this project have been to develop and demonstrate the capability to perform large-scale climate simulations on high-performance computing systems (using methodology that scales to the systems of tomorrow), and to carry out leading-edge scientific calculations using parallelized models. The demonstration platform for these studies has been the 256-processor Cray-T3D located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Our plan was to undertake an ambitious program in optimization, proof-of-principle and scientific study. …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Mirin, A. A.; Dannevik, W. P.; Chan, B.; Duffy, P. B.; Eltgroth, P. G. & Wehner, M. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Co-firing high sulfur coal with refuse derived fuels. Quarterly report, October - December 1996
The objectives of this quarter of study on the co-firing of high sulfur coal with refuse derived fuels project were two-fold. First, the effect of S0{sub 2} on the formation of chlorine during combustion processes was examined. To simulate the conditions used in the AFBC system, experiments were conducted in a quartz tube in an electrically heated furnace. The principle analytical technique used for identification of the products from this study was GC/MS. The evolved gas was trapped by an absorbent and analyzed with a GC/MS system. The preliminary results indicate an inhibiting effect of S0{sub 2} on the Deacon Reaction. Secondly, information on the evolution of chlorine, sulfur and organic compounds from coals 95031 and 95011 were studied with the AFBC system. 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Pan, W. -P.; Riley, J. T. & Lloyd, W. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal Reburning for Cost Effective NO{sub x} Compliance
This paper presents the application of micronized coal reburning to a cyclone-fired boiler in order to meet RACT emissions requirements in New York State. Discussed in the paper are reburning technology, the use of a coal micronizer, and the application of the technology to an Eastman Kodak unit. The program is designed to demonstrate the economical reduction of NO{sub x} emissions without adverse impact to the boiler.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Folsom, B. A.; Sommer, T. M.; Engelhardt, D. A.; Moyeda, D. K.; Rock, R. G.; Hunsicker, S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Columbia River: Terminal fisheries research project. 1994 Annual report
Columbia River terminal fisheries have been conducted in Youngs Bay, Oregon, since the early 1960`s targeting coho salmon produced at the state facility on the North Fork Klaskanine River. In 1977 the Clatsop County Economic Development Council`s (CEDC) Fisheries Project began augmenting the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife production efforts. Together ODFW and CEDC smolt releases totaled 5,060,000 coho and 411,300 spring chinook in 1993 with most of the releases from the net pen acclimation program. During 1980-82 fall commercial terminal fisheries were conducted adjacent to the mouth of Big Creek in Oregon. All past terminal fisheries were successful in harvesting surplus hatchery fish with minimal impact on nonlocal weak stocks. In 1993 the Northwest Power Planning Council recommended in its` Strategy for Salmon that terminal fishing sites be identified and developed. The Council called on the Bonneville Power Administration to fund a 10-year study to investigate the feasibility of creating and expanding terminal known stock fisheries in the Columbia River Basin. The findings of the initial year of the study are included in this report. The geographic area considered for study extends from Bonneville Dam to the river mouth. The initial year`s work is the beginning of a …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Hirose, P.; Miller, M. & Hill, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Columbia River : Terminal Fisheries Research Report : Annual Report 1994.
In 1993 the Northwest Power Planning Council recommended in its Strategy for Salmon that terminal fishing sites be identified and developed. The Council called on the Bonneville Power Administration to fund a 10-year study to investigate the feasibility of creating and expanding terminal known stock fisheries in the Columbia River Basin.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Hirose, Paul; Miller, Marc & Hill, Jim
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combined Air Sparge and Bioremediation of an Underground Coal Gasification Site
EG&G Technical Services of West Virginia (TSWV) Inc. is successfully remediating a former underground coal gasification (UCG) test site in northeastern Wyoming. EG&G is demonstrating the effectiveness of combined air sparge and biostimulation technology. This project is being conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) - Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), the lease holder of the site. UCG testing from 1976 through 1979 contaminated three water-bearing units at the site with benzene. Previous pump and treat operations at the site showed the presence of a persistent non-dissolved benzene source material. The Felix I coal seam is the most contaminated unit at the site and was the target unit for the initial demonstration. Air sparging was selected to strip dissolved benzene, volatilize the non- dissolved benzene source material, and to provide oxygen for increasing aerobic bacteria populations. Indigenous bacteria populations were stimulated with ammonium phosphate addition. EG&G designed the remediation system to take advantage of the hydrogeologic environment to produce a cost-effective approach to the groundwater remediation. Groundwater pumping was used to manipulate subsurface air flow, nutrient transport, and biomass management. Demonstration operations began on September 29, 1995, and were suspended on April 30, 1996 to begin demonstration expansion. …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Covell, J. R. & Thomas, M. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combustor oscillation attenuation via the control of fuel-supply line dynamics
Combustion oscillation control in combustion systems using hydrocarbon fuels is provided by acoustically tuning a fuel-delivery line to a desired phase of the combustion oscillations for providing a pulse of a fuel-rich region at the oscillating flame front at each time when the oscillation produced pressure in the combustion chamber is in a low pressure phase. The additional heat release produced by burning such fuel-rich regions during low combustion chamber pressure effectively attenuates the combustion oscillations to a selected value.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Richards, George A. & Gemmen, Randall S.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comment and response document for the long-term surveillance plan for the Gunnison disposal site, Gunnison, Colorado
This report contains site inspection concerns and recommendations relating to the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project to clean up uranium mill tailings and other surface contamination at an abandoned uranium mill site in Gunnison, Colorado. Plans for implementation of these recommendations are also included.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commissioning results of the next generation photoinjector
The Next Generation Photoinjector (NGP) developed by the BNL SLAC / UCLA collaboration was installed at the Brookhaven National Laboratories Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). The commissioning results and performance of the photocathode injector are present. The Next Generation Photoinjector consists of the symmetrized BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell S-band Photocathode RF gun and a single solenoidal magnet for transverse emittance compensation. The highest acceleration field achieved on the cathode is 150 m V, and the RF guns normal operating field is 130 MV/m. The quantum efficiency of the copper cathode was measured to be 4.5 x 10{sup -5}`. The transverse emittance and bunch length of the photoelectron beam were measured. The optimized rms normalized emittance for a charge of 300 pC is 0.77 {pi} mm mrad. The bunch length dependency of photoelectron beam on the RF gun phase and acceleration fields were experimentally investigated.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Palmer, D. T.; Miller, R. H.; Pellegrini, C.; Winick, H.; Wang, X. J.; Babzien, M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A comparison of tetrahedral mesh improvement techniques
Automatic mesh generation and adaptive refinement methods for complex three-dimensional domains have proven to be very successful tools for the efficient solution of complex applications problems. These methods can, however, produce poorly shaped elements that cause the numerical solution to be less accurate and more difficult to compute. Fortunately, the shape of the elements can be improved through several mechanisms, including face-swapping techniques that change local connectivity and optimization-based mesh smoothing methods that adjust grid point location. The authors consider several criteria for each of these two methods and compare the quality of several meshes obtained by using different combinations of swapping and smoothing. Computational experiments show that swapping is critical to the improvement of general mesh quality and that optimization-based smoothing is highly effective in eliminating very small and very large angles. The highest quality meshes are obtained by using a combination of swapping and smoothing techniques.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Freitag, L.A. & Ollivier-Gooch, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Completion report for the isolation and remediation of inactive liquid low-level radioactive waste tanks 7562, H-209, and T-30 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
A human health risk analysis was conducted on inactive tanks 7562, H-209 and T-30 to determine the method for remediating the tanks. Risk analysis results indicated that the health risk associated with these tanks were within or below the EPA range of concern of 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} to 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}6}. On the basis of these results, and with regulator approval, it was determined that either no action or in-place stabilization of the tanks would satisfy risk-based remediation goals. Therefore, a decision was made and approved by DOE to remediate these tanks in-place as a maintenance action. Tanks H-209 and T-30 were isolated from associated piping, electrical systems, and instrumentation and grouted in-place. Due to regulatory concerns over the location of tank 7562 relative to an area of subsurface soil contamination, tank 7562 was isolated from associated piping and instrumentation and left in-place empty. Completion of these maintenance actions has met the intent of the Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) for remediation of inactive tanks H-209 and T-30. EPA and Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) will be requested to approve a change to the FFA removing tanks H-209 and T-30 from the Appendix F list of inactive …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Completion report for the isolation and remediation of inactive liquid low-level radioactive waste tanks LA-104, WC-7, and 4501-P at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
This report provides documentation of the maintenance action completion for remediation of tanks LA-104, WC-7, and 4501-P at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This report will serve as the remediation completion documentation for the request to remove these tanks from the Federal Facility Agreement listing.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Comprehensive Documentation of Grant Application by Aldridge Elementary School, Plano]
A document about a grant application submitted by Aldridge Elementary School in Plano. Explore the intricacies of the application, unraveling the school's strategic vision, proposed initiatives, and the anticipated impact on education.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Comprehensive Grant Application and Evaluation Checklist from Mitchell Elementary School]
A detailed grant application submitted by Mitchell Elementary School, accompanied by an attached application evaluation checklist. The grant application proposal uncover the school's strategic vision, proposed initiatives, and anticipated impact on education outlined in the application. The attached evaluation checklist provides a structured approach to assess the merits of the application, ensuring a thorough and fair evaluation process.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Comprehensive Grant Application and Evaluation Checklist - North Hi Mount Elementary School]
A document providing an in-depth exploration of the grant application submitted by North Hi Mount Elementary School, accompanied by the attached Application Evaluation Checklist.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Comprehensive Grant Application Proposal by Oakhurst Elementary School with Attached Evaluation Checklist]
A document providing an in-depth exploration of Oakhurst Elementary School's grant application proposal, showcasing the school's innovative initiatives and strategic vision. Additionally, the attached application evaluation checklist serves as a comprehensive tool used to assess and rate key aspects of the proposal.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library