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94-1 Research and Development Project lead laboratory support: Fiscal year 1997. Progress report
On May 26, 1994, the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) issued Recommendation 94-1, which expressed the board`s concern about nuclear materials left in the manufacturing pipeline after the US halted its nuclear weapons production activities. The DNFSB emphasized the need for remediation of these materials. As part of Recommendation 94-1, the DNFSB defined research objectives as follows: that a research program be established to fill any gaps in the information base needed for choosing among the alternate processes to be used in safe conversion of various types of fissile materials to optimal forms for safe interim storage and the longer-term disposition. To achieve this objective a research and technology development program with two elements is needed: a technology-specific program that is focused on treating and storing materials safety, with concomitant development of storage criteria and surveillance requirements, centered around 3- and 8-year targets; and a core technology program to augment the knowledge base about general chemical and physical processing and storage behavior and to assure safe interim material storage until disposition policies are formulated. The paper reports the progress on the following: materials identification and surveillance; stabilization process development; surveillance and monitoring; core technologies; and project management.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
McKee, S.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1996 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book) is published annually by BPA and establishes the planning basis for supplying electricity to customers. It serves a dual purpose. First, the White Book presents projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. Second, the White Book serves as a benchmark for annual BPA determinations made pursuant to the 1981 regional power sales contracts. Specifically, BPA uses the information in the White Book for determining the notice required when customers request to increase or decrease the amount of power purchased from BPA. Aside from these purposes, the White Book is used for input to BPA`s resource planning process. The White Book compiles information obtained from several formalized resource planning reports and data submittals, including those from the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). 11 figs., 12 tabs.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3001 canal radiological characterization and waste removal report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
An underground steel reinforced concrete transfer and storage canal was built in 1943 and operated as an integral part of the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor Building (3001) until 1963 when the reactor was shutdown. During operation, the canal was used for under water transfer of irradiated materials and other metals from the reactor in Building 3001 to the Building 3019 hot cell for further processing. After shutdown of the reactor, the canal was used for storage of irradiated materials and fission products until 1990 when the larger materials were removed and stored in the Department of Energy (DOE) approved solid waste management storage facilities. At that time it was discovered that a considerable amount of sludge had accumulated over the intervening years and subsequent analysis showed that the sludge contained Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) materials that violated quantities allowed by the RCRA regulations. It was also recognized in 1990 that the canal was losing water to evaporation and the ground at the rate of approximately 400 gallons per day. To maintain water quality; i.e., radionuclide content at or near DOE derived concentration guidelines (DCG), the water in the canal is constantly demineralized using a demineralizer in the Building …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Ritchie, M.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Doppler current profiling from the JGOFS Arabian Sea cruises aboard the RV T.G. Thompson
Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data is part of the core data for the US JGOFS Arabian Sea project, along with hydrographic and nutrient data. Seventeen cruises are scheduled to take place between September 1994 and January 1996 on the R/V T.G. Thompson. Seven of the cruises follow a standard cruise track, taking hydrographic, chemical and biological measurements. The rest of the cruises, which take place generally within the standard cruise region defined by a set track, are for the deployment and recovery of moored equipment and towing of a SeaSoar. Detailed description of ADCP hardware, the AutoADCP data acquisition system, and the collection of navigation and compass data on the Thompson is documented in Section 2. Followed by data collection for each cruise together with a cruise track, Section 3 presents the processing and analysis of velocity and acoustic backscatter intensity data. Section 5 shows results of profile quality diagnosis.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Kim, H. S.; Flagg, C. N. & Shi, Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Actinide complexation kinetics: rate and mechanism of dioxoneptunium (V) reaction with chlorophosphonazo III
Rates of complex formation and dissociation in NpO{sub 2}{sup +}- Chlorophosphonazo III (2,7-bis(4-chloro-2-phosphonobenzeneazo)-1,8- dihydroxynapthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid)(CLIII) were investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Also, limited studies were made of the rates of reaction of La{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, and Fe{sup 3+} with CLIII. Rate determining step in each system is an intramolecular process, the NpO{sub 2}{sup +}-CLIII reaction proceeding by a first order approach to equilibrium in the acid range from 0.1 to 1.0 M. Complex formation occurs independent of acidity, while both acid dependent and independent dissociation pathways are observed. Activation parameters for the complex formation reaction are {Delta}H=46.2{+-}0.3 kJ/m and {Delta}S=7{+-} J/mK (I=1.0 M); these for the acid dependent and independent dissociation pathways are {Delta}H=38.8{+-}0.6 kJ/m, {Delta}S=-96{+-}18 J/mK, {Delta}H=70.0{+-} kJ/m, and {Delta}S=17{+-}1 J/mK, respectively. An isokinetic relationship is observed between the activation parameters for CLIII complex formation with NpO{sub 2}{sup +}, UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, Th{sup 4+}, and Zr{sup 4+}. Rates of CLIII complex formation reactions for Fe{sup 3+}, Zr{sup 4+}, NpO{sub 2}{sup +}, UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}, Th{sup 4+}, La{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}, and Dy{sup 3+} correlate with cation radius rather than charge/radius ratio.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Fugate, G.; Feil-Jenkins, J.F.; Sullivan, J.C. & Nash, K.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adherent diamond like carbon coatings on metals via plasma source ion implantation
Various techniques are currently used to produce diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on various materials. Many of these techniques use metallic interlayers, such as Ti or Si, to improve the adhesion of a DLC coating to a ferrous substrate. An alternative processing route would be to use plasma source ion implantation (PSII) to create a carbon composition gradient in the surface of the ferrous material to serve as the interface for a DLC coating. The need for interlayer deposition is eliminated by using a such a graded interfaces PSII approach has been used to form adherent DLC coatings on magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, brass, nickel, and tungsten. A PSII process tailored to create a graded interface allows deposition of adherent DLC coatings even on metals that exhibit a positive heat of formation with carbon, such as magnesium, iron, brass and nickel.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Walter, K.C.; Nastasi, M. & Munson, C.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Byproduct Recovery: Direct Catalytic Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Elemental Sulfur. Fifth quarterly technical progress report, December 1996
More than 170 wet scrubber systems applied, to 72,000 MW of U.S., coal-fired, utility boilers are in operation or under construction. In these systems, the sulfur dioxide removed from the boiler flue gas is permanently bound to a sorbent material, such as lime or limestone. The sulfated sorbent must be disposed of as a waste product or, in some cases, sold as a byproduct (e.g. gypsum). Due to the abundance and low cost of naturally occurring gypsum, and the costs associated with producing an industrial quality product, less than 7% of these scrubbers are configured to produce usable gypsum (and only 1% of all units actually sell the byproduct). The disposal of solid waste from each of these scrubbers requires a landfill area of approximately 200 to 400 acres. In the U.S., a total of 19 million tons of disposable FGD byproduct are produced, transported and disposed of in landfills annually. The use of regenerable sorbent technologies has the potential to reduce or eliminate solid waste production, transportation and disposal. In a regenerable sorbent system, the sulfur dioxide in the boiler flue gas is removed by the sorbent in an adsorber. The S0{sub 2}s subsequently released, in higher concentration, in …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO(2) Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Reservoir
Progress has been made in the area of laboratory analysis of Spraberry oil/brine/rock interactions during this quarter. Water imbibition experiments were conducted under ambient conditions, using cleaned Spraberry cores, synthetic Spraberry reservoir brine, and Spraberry oil. It has been concluded that the Spraberry reservoir cores are weakly water-wet. The average Amott wettability index to water is about 0.55. The average oil recovery due to spontaneous water imbibition is about 50% of original oil in place.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Schechter, David
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Target Concepts for RIB Generation
In this report, we describe highly permeable composite target matrices that simultaneously incorporate the short diffusion lengths, high permeabilities, and heat removal properties necessary to effect maximum diffusion release rates of short-lived, radioactive species as required for efficient radioactive ion beam (RIB) generation in nuclear physics and astrophysics research programs. The RIB species are generated by either fusion or fission nuclear reactions between high energy {sup 1}H, {sup 2}H, {sup 3}He or {sup 4}He ion beams and specific nuclei which make up the target material. The target materials may be used directly as small diameter particulates coated or uncoated with Re or Ir to minimize adsorption following diffusion release and eliminate sintering of the particulates at elevated temperatures; plated onto both sides of thin disks of C, for example; or plated, in thin layers, onto low density, Ir or Re coated carbon-bonded-carbon-fiber (CBCF) or reticulated-carbon-fiber (RCF) to form sponge-like composite target matrices; or in other cases, where applicable, the target material of interest can be grown in crystalline fibrous form and fabricated in woven mats of the target material to form a highly permeable fibrous structure.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Alton, G. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An alternative LEU design for the FRM-II
The Alternative LEU Design for the FRM-II proposed by the RERTR Program at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has a compact core consisting of a single fuel element that uses LEU silicide fuel with a uranium density of 4.5 g/cm{sup 3} and has a power level of 32 MW. Both the HEU design by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the alternative LEU design by ANL have the same fuel lifetime (50 days) and the same neutron flux performance. LEU silicide fuel with 4.5 g/cm{sup 3} has been thoroughly tested and is fully-qualified, licensable, and available now for use in a high flux reactor such as the FRM-II. The following issues raised by TUM were addressed in Ref. 1: qualification of HEU and LEU silicide fuels, gamma heating in the heavy water reflector, radiological consequences of larger fission product and plutonium inventories in the LEU core, and cost and schedule. The conclusions of these analyses are summarized below. This paper addresses three additional safety issues that were raised by TUM in Ref. 2: stability of the involute fuel plates, a hypothetical accident involving the configuration of the reflector, and a loss of primary coolant flow transient due to an interrupted …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Hanan, N. A.; Mo, S. C.; Smith, R. S. & Matos, J. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative measures of potential predictability applied to ensemble simulations of seasonal land-surface climate
The potential predictability (PP) of seasonal climate at the land surface is of enormous human import, and therefore merits close investigation. The PP of a seasonal land-surface variable may be defined as the upper bound in mean forecast to be expected when the seasonal state of the oceans is known precisely (as when SST`s are prescribed), but when the initial conditions are known imprecisely. The PP of a seasonal land-surface variable is related to its degree of insensitivity to the choice of initial conditions when the ocean boundary conditions are invariant. There are various ways of measuring this initial-condition insensitivity, two of which are utilized here. The PP of a seasonal mean variable can be estimated from an ensemble of repeated simulations of a mul period in which the ocean boundary conditions are the same, but in which the initial conditions of the model`s land/atmosphere system are different. It should be noted that a truly accurate determination of PP following this approach requires use of a perfect model. Estimates of PP made with current generation models there fore must be regarded as quite imprecise.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Phillips, Thomas J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternatives to traditional transportation fuels 1995
This report provides information on transportation fuels other than gasoline and diesel, and the vehicles that use these fuels. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) provides this information to support the U.S. Department of Energy`s reporting obligations under Section 503 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT). The principal information contained in this report includes historical and year-ahead estimates of the following: (1) the number and type of alterative-fueled vehicles (AFV`s) in use; (2) the consumption of alternative transportation fuels and {open_quotes}replacement fuels{close_quotes}; and (3) the number and type of alterative-fueled vehicles made available in the current and following years. In addition, the report contains some material on special topics. The appendices include a discussion of the methodology used to develop the estimates (Appendix A), a map defining geographic regions used, and a list of AFV suppliers.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 96, No. 224, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 1, 1996
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Aluminum-U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} interdiffusion and its implications for the performance of highly loaded fuel operating at higher temperatures and fission rates
Recent irradiation tests of U{sub 3}Si-Al dispersion fuel have shown performance limitations of this fuel when high volume fractions of U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} operate at high temperatures and high fission rates. This potential problem is associated with high rates of Al-U{sub 3}Si{sub 2} interdiffusion that may lead to complete consumption of matrix aluminum and the formation of excessive porosity.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Hofman, G.L.; Rest, J.; Snelgrove, J.L.; Wiencek, T. & Koster van Groos, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 106, No. 33, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 1, 1996
Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Schwind, Jim & Chionsini Gavigan, Brandi
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.12-1987: Criticality control of plutonium-uranium mixtures
The first version of this standard, which only included subcritical limits on homogeneous PuO{sub 2}-UO{sub 2} fuel mixtures, was approved July 17, 1978. The current version was revised to include limits on heterogeneous systems as well. This paper provides additional information on the limits, which cover 3 to 30% PuO{sub 2} in PuO{sub 2}+UO{sub 2} in water.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Clayton, E. D. & McLaughlin, T. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Americium/curium extraction from a lanthanide borosilicate glass
A solution containing kilogram quantities of highly radioactive isotopes of americium and curium (Am/Cm) and lanthanide fission products is currently stored in a process tank at the Department of Energy`s Savannah River Site (SRS). This tank and its vital support systems are old, subject to deterioration, and prone to possible leakage. For this reason, a program has been initiated to stabilize this material as a lanthanide borosilicate (LBS) glass. The Am/Cm has commercial value and is desired for use by the heavy isotope programs at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). A recovery flowsheet was demonstrated using a curium containing glass to extract the Am/Cm from the glass matrix. The procedure involved grinding the glass to less than 200 mesh and dissolving in concentrated nitric acid at 110 {degrees}C. Under these conditions, the dissolution was essentially 100% after 2 hours except for the insoluble silicon. Using a nonradioactive surrogate, the expected glass dissolution rate during Am/Cm recovery was bracketed by using both static and agitated conditions. The measured rates, 0.0082 and 0.040 g/hr.sq cm, were used to develop a predictive model for the time required to dissolve a spherical glass particle in terms of the glass density, particle size, and …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Rudisill, T. S.; Pareizs, J. M. & Ramsey, W. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of accident sequences and source terms at treatment and storage facilities for waste generated by US Department of Energy waste management operations
This report documents the methodology, computational framework, and results of facility accident analyses performed for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (WM PEIS). The accident sequences potentially important to human health risk are specified, their frequencies assessed, and the resultant radiological and chemical source terms evaluated. A personal-computer-based computational framework and database have been developed that provide these results as input to the WM PEIS for the calculation of human health risk impacts. The WM PEIS addresses management of five waste streams in the DOE complex: low-level waste (LLW), hazardous waste (HW), high-level waste (HLW), low-level mixed waste (LLMW), and transuranic waste (TRUW). Currently projected waste generation rates, storage inventories, and treatment process throughputs have been calculated for each of the waste streams. This report summarizes the accident analyses and aggregates the key results for each of the waste streams. Source terms are estimated, and results are presented for each of the major DOE sites and facilities by WM PEIS alternative for each waste stream. Key assumptions in the development of the source terms are identified. The appendices identify the potential atmospheric release of each toxic chemical or radionuclide for each accident scenario studied. …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Mueller, C.; Nabelssi, B.; Roglans-Ribas, J.; Folga, S.; Policastro, A.; Freeman, W. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of burnable poison in Ford Nuclear Reactor fuel to extend fuel lifetime. Final report, August 1, 1994--September 29, 1996
The objective of the project was to establish the feasibility of extending the lifetime of fuel elements for the Ford Nuclear Reactor (FNR) by replacing current aluminide fuel with silicide fuel comprising a heavier uranium loading but with the same fissile enrichment of 19.5 wt% {sup 235}U. The project has focused on fuel designs where burnable absorbers, in the form of B{sub 4}C, are admixed with uranium silicide in fuel plates so that increases in the control reactivity requirements and peak power density, due to the heavier fuel loading, may be minimized. The authors have developed equilibrium cycle models simulating current full-size aluminide core configurations with 43 {approximately} 45 fuel elements. Adequacy of the overall equilibrium cycle approach has been verified through comparison with recent FNR experience in spent fuel discharge rates and simulation of reactor physics characteristics for two representative cycles. Fuel cycle studies have been performed to compare equilibrium cycle characteristics of silicide fuel designs, including burnable absorbers, with current aluminide fuel. These equilibrium cycle studies have established the feasibility of doubling the fuel element lifetime, with minimal perturbations to the control reactivity requirements and peak power density, by judicious additions of burnable absorbers to silicide fuel. Further …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Burn, R. R. & Lee, J. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Progress report for FY 1996
The purpose of this report is to summarize the activities of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for Fiscal Year (FY) 1996. This annual report is the thirteenth for the ACL. It describes effort on continuing and new projects and contributions of the ACL staff to various programs at ANL. The ACL operates in the ANL system as a full-cost-recovery service center, but has a mission that includes a complementary research and development component: The Analytical Chemistry Laboratory will provide high-quality, cost-effective chemical analysis and related technical support to solve research problems of our clients -- Argonne National Laboratory, the Department of Energy, and others -- and will conduct world-class research and development in analytical chemistry and its applications. Because of the diversity of research and development work at ANL, the ACL handles a wide range of analytical chemistry problems. Some routine or standard analyses are done, but the ACL usually works with commercial laboratories if our clients require high-volume, production-type analyses. It is common for ANL programs to generate unique problems that require significant development of methods and adaption of techniques to obtain useful analytical data. Thus, much of the support work done by the …
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Green, D. W.; Boparai, A. S. & Bowers, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytical expressions for maximum wind turbine average power in a Rayleigh wind regime
Average or expectation values for annual power of a wind turbine in a Rayleigh wind regime are calculated and plotted as a function of cut-out wind speed. This wind speed is expressed in multiples of the annual average wind speed at the turbine installation site. To provide a common basis for comparison of all real and imagined turbines, the Rayleigh-Betz wind machine is postulated. This machine is an ideal wind machine operating with the ideal Betz power coefficient of 0.593 in a Rayleigh probability wind regime. All other average annual powers are expressed in fractions of that power. Cases considered include: (1) an ideal machine with finite power and finite cutout speed, (2) real machines operating in variable speed mode at their maximum power coefficient, and (3) real machines operating at constant speed.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Carlin, P. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annual Hanford seismic report -- fiscal year 1996
Seismic monitoring (SM) at the Hanford Site was established in 1969 by the US Geological Survey (USGS) under a contract with the US Atomic Energy Commission. Since 1980, the program has been managed by several contractors under the US Department of Energy (USDOE). Effective October 1, 1996, the Seismic Monitoring workscope, personnel, and associated contracts were transferred to the USDOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). SM is tasked to provide an uninterrupted collection and archives of high-quality raw and processed seismic data from the Hanford Seismic Network (HSN) located on and encircling the Hanford Site. SM is also tasked to locate and identify sources of seismic activity and monitor changes in the historical pattern of seismic activity at the Hanford Site. The data compiled are used by SM, Waste Management, and engineering activities at the Hanford Site to evaluate seismic hazards and seismic design for the Site.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Hartshorn, D. C. & Reidel, S. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Anomalous U(1) and low-energy physics: the power of D-flatness and holomorphy
In models with an anomalous abelian symmetry broken at a very large scale, we study which requirements to impose on the anomalous charges in order to prevent standard model fields from acquiring large vacuum expectation values. The use of holomorphic invariants to study D-flat directions for the anomalous symmetry, proves to be a very powerful tool. We find that in order to forbid unphysical configurations at that scale, the superpotential must contain many interaction terms, including the usual Yukawa terms. Our analysis suggests that the anomalous charge of the {mu}-term is zero. It is remarkable that, together with the seesaw mechanism, and mass hierarchies, this implies a natural conservation of R-parity.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
Binetruy, P.; Irges, N.; Lavignac, S. & Ramond, P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Application Checklist and Filled Grant Application for Leonard Middle School - Partner Schools Program]
A document about Leonard Middle School's application for the Partner Schools Program. Included is the Application Evaluation Checklist, meticulously filled out to assess the school's eligibility and alignment with program criteria.
Date:
December 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library