Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Charles Haley"

The contractual work is in three parts: Part I - Effect of rotation on enhanced cooling passage heat transfer, Part II - Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) spallation on surface heat transfer, and Part III - Effect of surface roughness and trailing edge ejection on turbine efficiency under unsteady flow conditions. Each section of this paper has been divided into three parts to individually accommodate each part. Part III is further divided into Parts IIIa and IIIb.

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) has an integrated gasification hot gas cleanup facility to develop gasification, hot particulate and desulfurization process performance data for IGCC systems. The objective of our program is to develop fluidized-bed process performance data for hot gas desulfurization and to further test promising sorbents from lab-scale screening studies at highpressure (300 psia), and temperatures (1,200{degrees}F) using coal-derived fuel gases from a fluid-bed gasifier. The 10-inch inside diameter (ID), nominal 80 lb/hr, air blown gasifier is capable of providing about 300 lb/hr of low BTU gas at 1,000{degrees}F and 425 psig to downstream cleanup devices. The system includes several particle removal stages, which provide the capability to tailor the particle loading to the cleanup section. The gas pressure is reduced to approximately 300 psia and filtered by a candle filter vessel containing up to four filter cartridges. For batch-mode desulfurization test operations, the filtered coal gas is fed to a 6-inch ID, fluid-bed reactor that is preloaded with desulfurization sorbent. Over 400 hours of gasifier operation was logged in 1993 including 384 hours of integration with the cleanup rig. System baseline studies without desulfurization sorbent and repeatability checks with zinc ferrite sorbent were conducted before testing …

The thermographic-phosphor (TP) method can measure temperature, heat flux, strain, and other physical quantities remotely in hostile and/or inaccessible environments such as the first-stage turbine components in turbine engines. It is especially useful in situations in which no other known method works well. This paper is a brief review of engine tests that demonstrated the utility of the TP method. For the most part, the results presented here are discussed only qualitatively. The papers in the bibliography describe these and other experiments and results in detail. The first viewgraph summarizes the many desirable features of the TP method. The second viewgraph describes TPs, and the third summarizes how the TP method works. To measure single-point temperatures in turbine-engine applications, we use the decay-time method, which depends on the fact that the luminescence following an impulse of ultraviolet excitation decays, with a characteristic decay time that. Is a monotonically decreasing function of temperature over some range of temperatures. The viewgraph is a set of calibration curves showing the behavior of some useful emission lines for ten important TPs. Consider Lu PO{sub 4}:Eu as an example. Below the {open_quotes}quenching{close_quotes} temperature near 900 Y, the decay time is nearly constant. Above it, the …

Advanced technologies such as the photoinjector, the short-period microwigglers, and harmonic lasing enable free-electron-laser operation in the infrared with a low-energy ({approximately} 10 MeV) electron beam and thus reduce the size and cost of FELs. The next-generation, rf-linac FEL will fit in a small laboratory and produce high-power, picosecond infrared.

For the past several years, the integration of containment and surveillance (C/S) with nondestructive assay (NDA) sensors for monitoring the movement of nuclear material has focused on the hardware and communications protocols in the transmission network. Little progress has been made in methods to utilize the combined C/S and NDA data for safeguards and to reduce the inspector time spent in nuclear facilities. One of the fundamental problems in the integration of the combined data is that the two methods operate in different dimensions. The C/S video data is spatial in nature; whereas, the NDA sensors provide radiation levels versus time data. The authors have introduced a new method to integrate spatial (digital video) with time (radiation monitoring) information. This technology is based on pattern recognition by neural networks, provides significant capability to analyze complex data, and has the ability to learn and adapt to changing situations. This technique has the potential of significantly reducing the frequency of inspection visits to key facilities without a loss of safeguards effectiveness.

Sunrise is a Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) project started in October 1993. It is intended to be a prototype National Information Infrastructure development project. A main focus of Sunrise is to tie together enabling technologies (networking, object-oriented distributed computing, graphical interfaces, security, multi-media technologies, and data-mining technologies) with several specific applications. A diverse set of application areas was chosen to ensure that the solutions developed in the project are as generic as possible. Some of the application areas are materials modeling, medical records and image analysis, transportation simulations, and K-12 education. This paper provides a description of Sunrise and a view of the architecture and objectives of this evolving project. The primary objectives of Sunrise are three-fold: (1) To develop common information-enabling tools for advanced scientific research and its applications to industry; (2) To enhance the capabilities of important research programs at the Laboratory; (3) To define a new way of collaboration between computer science and industrially-relevant research.

Energy weighted integrals of the difference in helicity-dependent photo-production cross sections ({sigma}{sub {1/2}} - {sigma}{sub 3/2}) provide information on the nucleon`s Spin-dependent Polarizability ({gamma}), and on the spin-dependent part of the asymptotic forward Compton amplitude through the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov (DHG) sum rule. (The latter forms the Q{sup 2}=0 limit of recent spin-asymmetry experiments in deep-inelastic lepton-scattering.) There are no direct measurements of {sigma}{sub {1/2}} or {sigma}{sub 3/2}, for either the proton or the neutron. Estimates from current {pi}-photo-production multipole analyses, particularly for the proton-neutron difference, are in good agreement with relativistic-l-loop Chiral calculations ({chi}PT) for {gamma} but predict large deviations from the DHG sum rule. Either (a) both the 2-loop corrections to the Spin-Polarizability are large and the existing multipoles are wrong, or (b) modifications to the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule are required to fully describe the isospin structure of the nucleon. The helicity-dependent photo-reaction amplitudes, for both the proton and the neutron, will be measured at LEGS from pion-threshold to 470 MeV. In these double-polarization experiments, circularly polarized photons from LEGS will be used with SPHICE, a new frozen-spin target consisting of {rvec H} {center_dot} {rvec D} in the solid phase. Reaction channels will be identified in SASY, a large detector …

Specular reflection of neutrons or x rays has been developed recently as a tool to probe density variations in the neighborhood of flat interfaces. The techniques have been applied to a variety of materials problems ranging from polymer adsorption to hydrogenation of carbon films and the structure of magnetic multilayers. In addition to the specular scattering, diffuse scattering is often observed, sometimes in strikingly beautiful patterns. This scattering is caused by imperfections such as interfacial roughness or density fluctuations within a layer. As a general rule, the diffuse, off-specular scattering measures the density-density correlation function within and between the interfaces responsible for the specular scattering. Interpretation of diffuse x-ray and neutron scattering from surfaces and interfaces is in its infancy using theoretical schemes that are still being developed. In this talk the author shows examples of diffuse scattering patterns and offers some guidelines for their interpretation.

The design of many devices involves numerical predictions of the material strength and fracture of brittle materials. The materials of interest include ceramics that are used in armor packages; glass that is used in windshields; and rock and concrete that are used in oil wells. As part of a program to develop advanced hydrocode design tools, the authors have implemented a brittle fracture model for glass into the SPHINX smooth particle hydrodynamics code. The authors have evaluated this model and the code by predicting data from tungsten rods impacting glass. Since fractured glass properties, which are needed in the model, are not available, they did sensitivity studies of these properties, as well as sensitivity studies to determine the number of particles needed in the calculations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the data.

During the 1993 AGS heavy ion run, experiment E886 conducted a strangelet search in Au + Pt reactions, with beam momentum of 10.8 GeV/c per nucleon. Presented here are the upper limit for strangelet production, invariant cross sections for p, t, d, {sup 3}He, {sup 4}He, {sup 6}He, {sup 8}He, {sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li, {sup 8}Li and {sup 7}Be, along with a demonstration of their agreement with a coalescence model fit to data collected by E886 during the 1992 engineering run, and upper limits for production cross sections for other rare objects, such as (H dibaryon)-nucleus systems. All results reported are preliminary.

This document is to certify the installation and testing of the Radio Fire Alarm Reporting box (RFAR). The Hanford Fire Dept. will be notified of troubles via RFAR. The document outlines prerequisites, necessary equipment, and the fire alarm system test to insure the system is operating correctly.

Peebles has suggested an interesting method to trace back in time positions of galaxies called the least action method. This method applied on the Local Group galaxies seems to indicate that we live in an {Omega} {approx} 0.1 Universe. The authors have studied a cold dark matter (CDM) N-body simulation with {Omega} = 0.2 and H = 50kms{sup {minus}1}/Mpc and compare trajectories traced back from the Least Action Principle and the center of mass of the particle forming CDM halos. They have shown that the agreement between these set of trajectories is at best qualitative. They have also shown that the line of sight peculiar velocities are underestimated. This discrepancy is due to orphans, CDM particles which do not end up in halos. By varying the density parameter {Omega} in the least action principle the authors show that using this method they would underestimate the density of the Universe by a factor of 4-5.

The neutron is the ideal probe for studying the positions and motions of atoms in condensed matter. The main advantage of the neutron in inelastic scattering results from its heavy mass when compared to other particles which are used to probe materials such as the photon (light, x-rays, or {gamma}-rays) or the electron. The author discusses the application of neutron scattering to study a number of different materials related problems, including, hard magnets, shape memory effects, and hydrogen distribution in metals.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has prepared an environmental assessment (EA) (DOE/EA-0347) on the proposed surface remediation of the Maybell uranium mill processing site in Moffat County, Colorado. The mill site contains radioactively contaminated materials from processing uranium ore that would be stabilized in place at the existing tailings pile location. Based on the analysis in the EA, DOE has determined that the proposed action does not constitute a major federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, Public Law 91-190 (42 U.S.C. {section}4321 et seq.), as amended. Therefore, preparation of an environmental impact statement is not required and DOE is issuing this Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI).

Traditional manufacturing practice has depended upon Statistical Process Control (SPC) to eliminate defects. However, our research demonstrates that these sampling based methods significantly underestimate the tails of a distribution. As a consequence of the limitations of SPC, mistakes require different methods of control to achieve defect rates in the tens of parts per million range. Furthermore, product complexity contributes to defects resulting from both mistakes and excess variation. Correlations between defects and complexity lead to a new opportunity for selecting superior product concepts.

Depleted uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) at the US Department of Energy`s K-25 Site at Oak Ridge, TN has been stored in large steel cylinders which have undergone significant atmospheric corrosion damage over the last 35 years. A detailed experimental program to characterize and monitor the corrosion damage was initiated in 1992. Large amounts of corrosion scale and deep pits are found to cover cylinder surfaces. Ultrasonic wall thickness measurements have shown uniform corrosion losses up to 20 mils (0.5 mm) and pits up to 100 mils (2.5 mm) deep. Electrical resistance corrosion probes, time-of-wetness sensors and thermocouples have been attached to cylinder bodies. Atmospheric conditions are monitored using rain gauges, relative humidity sensors and thermocouples. Long-term (16 years) data are being obtained from mild steel corrosion coupons on test racks as well as attached directly to cylinder surfaces. Corrosion rates have been found to intimately related to the times-of-wetness, both tending to be higher on cylinder tops due to apparent sheltering effects. Data from the various tests are compared, discrepancies are discussed and a pattern of cylinder corrosion as a function of cylinder position and location is described.

This document presents equal hazard response spectra for the W236A project for the 200 East and West new high-level waste tanks. The hazard level is based upon WHC-SD-W236A-TI-002, Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis, DOE Hanford Site, Washington. Spectral acceleration amplification is plotted with frequency (Hz) for horizontal and vertical motion and attached to this report. The vertical amplification is based upon the preliminary draft revision of Standard ASCE 4-86. The vertical spectral acceleration is equal to the horizontal at frequencies above 3.3Hz because of near-field, less than 15 km, sources.

This report describes the progress of a project to encourage students and professionals to participate in math, science, and technology education at the elementary and middle grades. The topics of the report include documenting activities and procedures for the purposes of evaluation and dissemination of descriptive information, generating case studies of the students going through this program to provide research and evaluation data on the process of attracting technically qualified people into elementary and middle school teaching, establishing a program of mentoring between scientists, engineers, and mathematicians and prospective teachers in the program, and establishing a program of mentoring between master teachers in area schools and prospective teachers.

Source size parameters measured via two-particle interferometry in experiment NA44 for 200 GeV/nucleon S+Pb collisions are compared to calculations using the RQMD event generator. Reasonable agreement is found in most cases. The event generator is then used to compare the {open_quotes}true{close_quotes} size of the particle-emitting source to the measured size parameters and to discuss the difficulties in defining the {open_quotes}true{close_quotes} source size.

For the very first time, it has recently proved possible to make a well-motivated, physically plausible, and self-consistent prediction of the Hyades G- and K-dwarf (Li,T{sub eff}) relationship that matches the long-unexplained observations. The method employs the latest Iglesias &, Rogers (OPAL) interior opacities and Alexander surface opacities (whose respective values are now themselves close to empirical predictions or estimates made earlier in this Hyades project), King`s recently discovered [O/Fe] enhancement (another prediction!) and utterly conventional PMS (pre-main-sequence) evolution unaided by arbitrary and ad hoc adjustable parameters. Thus, the following assumptions form a self-consistent set explaining the Hyades G- and K-dwarf (Li,T{sub eff}) observations: (i) Pop. I interior opacities are now essentially correct; (ii) Pop. I surface opacities are now essentially correct; (iii) The Hyades distance is now essentially correct; (iv) The Hyades [Fe/H] and [O/Fe] are now essentially correct, and possible changes in [Ne, Mg., or Si/Fe] are likely to have only a small effect; (v) Convective envelope overshooting is negligible; (vi) Quarreling with the above means finding at least two compensating errors in assumptions (i) through (v).

The Department of Energy (DOE) has successfully performed decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) on many production reactors it. DOE now has the challenge of performing D&D on a wide variety of other nuclear facilities. Because so many facilities are being closed, it is necessary to place many of them into a safe-storage status before conducting D&D-for perhaps as much as 20 yr. The challenge is to achieve this safe-storage condition in a cost-effective manner while remaining in compliance with applicable regulations. The DOE Office of Environmental Management, Office of Transition and Management, commissioned a lessons learned study of commercial experience with safe storage and transition to D&D. Although the majority of the commercial experience has been with reactors, many of the lessons learned presented in this paper are directly applicable to transitioning the DOE Weapons Complex.

The NSLS consists of two storage rings, a booster and a linac. A major upgrade of the control system (installed in 1978) was undertaken and has been completed. The computer architecture is being changed from a three level star-network to a two level distributed system. The microprocessor subsystem, host computer and workstations, communication link and the main software components are being upgraded or replaced. Since the NSLS rings operate twenty four hours a day a year with minimum maintenance time, the key requirement during the upgrade phase is a non-disruptive transition with minimum downtime. Concurrent with the upgrade, some immediate improvements were required. This paper describes the various components of the upgraded system and outlines the future plans.

This report describes the progress of a project to encourage students and professionals to participate in math, science, and technology education at the elementary and middle grades. The topics of the report include developing a model laboratory/classroom for teacher education, providing financial incentives for students with technical majors to complete the program, and emphasizing issues of equity and minority participation in mathematics, science and technology education through recruitment procedures and in course content.