Meteorite impacts produce enormous pressure and strain in rocks. While the role of pressure on the formation of shock metamorphic features has been well studied, the role of strain and strain rate has not been fully appreciated. We shock loaded single-crystal quartz in Al capsules up to 56 GPa using a novel capsule design that allows for significant strain of the sample but 100% recovery of material. We have made features analogous to type A pseudotachylites at pressures of 42--56 GPa. These pseudotachylites contain Al, Si and minor Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in a matrix of SiO{sub 2} class and cut the sample along radial and concentric fractures. Our results suggest that strain heating is an important energy sink in the formation of large impact craters.

The sectional high-frequency (100--170 GHz) distributed cooled window has been investigated both electromagnetically and thermally previously using computational electromagnetics (EM) and thermal codes. Recent data describes the relationship to some experimental data for the window. Results are presented for time domain CW EM analyses and CW thermal and stress calculations.

This annual report details activities for TRP Flip Chip Attached Project. The IBM/Universal Instruments team has completed the first year effort on the Electrically Conductive Adhesive Flip Chip Attach project. IBM-Yorktown has worked closely with IBM Endicott to develop a Polymer Metal Solvent Paste (PMSP) that can be processed to form a cylindrically shaped deposit. IBM Endicott has done extensive work on bonding. This work has identified the key parameters to bond a Polymer Metal Composite (PMC) bumped die to a substrate.

Perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) are a commercial class of lubricants widely used in computer and aerospace industries. This is a study of the degradation of a perfluorinated ether in the presence of a metal fluoride. Perfluorodiethoxymethane (PFDEM) is a PFPE analog. Temperature programmed desorption shows no contribution of PFDEM toward nickel fluoride on an NiF{sub 2} surface obtained by CF{sub 3}I adsorption. Higher coverages of nickel fluoride do not show any evidence of NiF{sub 2} contribution from PFDEM. The results do not agree with the idea that a fluorinated surface might induce decomposition of PFPEs, leading to addition fluoride formation on the surface. The metal fluoride bond strength is not a legitimate concern for decomposition of PFE lubricants. Impurity in PFPEs might be the cause of initial surface fluoridation leading to breakdown of PFPEs which could cause additional metal fluoride formation. It is clear that the reaction of PFPEs with metals does not involve a direct formation of a simple M-F bond; results do not show any C-F bond cleavage of the fluorinated ether and do not support a proposed autocatalytic mechanism.

This document contains Chapters 3 and 4 from the Mega-Joule Experiment Area Study, 1989. Water frost on the first containment wall is studied in detail in Chapter 3. Considered topics are the computer modeling of frost ablation and shock propagation and the experimental characterization of water frost. The latter is broken down into: frost crystal morphology, experiment configuration, growth rate results, density results, thermal conductivity, crush strength of frost, frost integrity, frost response to simulated soft x-rays. Chapter 4 presents information on surrounding shielding and structures to include: cryogenic spheres for first wall and coolant containment; shield tank concerning primary neutron and gamma ray shielding; and secondary shielding.

Operational experience of the emittance compensated photoinjector at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is presented in this paper. The photoinjector has demonstrated the stability and reliability required for UV and X-ray FEL applications. The RF gun has been routinely running at more than 100 MV/m peak acceleration field; the laser system of the photoinjector has achieved 2% peak to peak energy stability, 0.5% point stability and better than 2 ps timing jitter. The highest measured quantum efficiency of the Cu cathode is 0.05%. The electron beam bunch length was measured to be 10 ps using a linac RF phase scan. The normalized rms emittance for a 0.5 nC charge was measured, to be from 1 to 2 mm-mrad, which agrees with PARMELA simulations.

Further investigations of the initiation of pyrolysis by a solid surface using a variety of catalysts with different surface areas and compositions were carried out during this reporting period. The effects of catalyst surface area, reaction temperature, and presence of ethane have been addressed. In general, catalysts such as {alpha}-A1{sub 2}O{sub 3},SiC, or hexaaluminates were found able to lower the reaction temperature but led to increased {open_quotes}tar{close_quotes} formation. The addition of ethane increased further the conversion at the higher temperatures and lowered the amount of {open_quotes}tar{close_quotes}. There appears to be no correlation between catalytic surface area and activity/selectivity for methane conversion.

Concepts for fitting and installation of the scissor keys, triangular keys, and truss keys in the ITER Toroidal Field (TF) Coil Assembly were developed and evaluated. In addition, the process of remote removal and replacement of a failed TF coil was considered. Two concepts were addressed: central solenoid installed last (Naka Option 1) and central solenoid installed first (Naka Option 2). In addition, a third concept was developed which utilized the favorable features of both concepts. A time line for installation was estimated for the Naka Option 1 concept.

This presentation provides a discussion of the expanding role of non-lethal weapons as envisioned necessary in future warfare.

The Winter Fuels Report is intended to provide concise, timely information to the industry, the press, policymakers, consumers, analysts, and State and local governments on the following topics: distillate fuel oil net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for all Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) and product supplied on a US level; propane net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for PADD`s I, II, and III; natural gas supply and disposition and underground storage for the US and consumption for all PADD`s; as well as selected National average prices; residential and wholesale pricing data for heating oil and propane for those States participating in the joint Energy Information Administration (EIA)/State Heating Oil and Propane Program; crude oil and petroleum price comparisons for the US and selected cities; and a 6--10 Day and 30-Day outlook for temperature and precipitation and US total heating degree-days by city. 36 fig., 13 tabs.