High Level Waste (HLW) generated during Separations processing in the F- and H-Canyons is transferred to the Tank Farms for stage in 51 underground, million gallon storage tanks. The waste is an aqueous solution containing dissolved sodium salts and insoluble metal oxides/hydroxides. The waste solution is evaporated to reduce the volume, and the resulting saltcake and residual supernate are stored. Over the 40 year history of the Tank Farm, routine supernate sampling has been conducted in support of the primary goal of safe storage of HLW. As a result of routine and non-routine activities that are part of managing these highly radioactive wastes, secondary solid waste is generated. Radioactive contamination of over 90% of the solid waste generated is due to contact with BLW supernate or saltcake. In order to comply with the Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for of solid waste in the E-Area Vaults (EAV), the quantity of certain radioisotopes must be manifested for each waste container and a declaration made of whether or not the waste is hazardous. However, solid waste is not amenable to routine analysis, this forces a reliance on analytical data from supernate samples to characterize the contamination. To provide the manifest information, process knowledge …

This report documents water column measurements made during the 1994 Loch Linnhe experiment, a joint US/UK radar ocean imaging experiment. Part 1 summarizes the profiles of temperature, salinity, density, Brunt-Vaisala frequency, and horizontal currents resolved into along and cross track directions. Internal wave dispersion relations, phase and group velocities, and eigenfunctions for modes 1 and 2 are computed for each profile. The effect of depth on these derived internal wave parameters is examined as well by computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for two different depths. The trials were conducted in Loch Linnhe, Scotland during the period from September 4, 1994 to September 17, 1994. The measurements reported herein were made from on board the R. V. Calanus, a research vessel operated by the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (DML). The Calanus was moored approximately 125 meters from the track of the wake generating ship, either the R. V. Colonel Templer or a {open_quotes}Dog{close_quotes} class tug, the Collie. The depth at the mooring location was approximately 45 meters, while the depth at the closest point along the ship track was approximately 80 meters. For further details of the experiment, one is referred to the Loch Linnhe Experiment 1994: Trial Plan, Draft Version 3.0.

Calcium metabolism in biology may be better understood by the use of {sup 41}Ca labels, although detection by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is required. Methodologies for preparation of urine samples and subsequent AMS measurement were investigated. Novel attempts at preparing CaH{sub 2} were unsuccessful, but CaF{sub 2} of sufficient purity could be produced by precipitation of calcium from urine as oxalate, followed by separation of calcium by cation exchange chromatography and washing the CaF{sub 2} precipitate. The presence of some remaining impurities could be compensated for by selecting the appropriate accelerated ion charge state for AMS. The use of projectile x rays for isobar discrimination was explored as an alternative to the conventional dE/dx device.

The intent of this pamphlet is to share information with others who are interested in useful protocols for cotton cytogenetics and cytology. The protocols described are a beginning effort and they are expected to be improved. All methods, results and data given pertain to cultivar MD 51ne. We are not satisfied with our results of in situ hybridization.

This procedure will test the 17B MIT sensor inputs to the DACS trailer after installation of new thermocouple multiplexers and associated computer software.

The DACS, which is housed in a trailer located just outside of the north fence at the SY tank farm, receives input signals from a variety of sensors located in and around the SY-101 tank. These sensors provide information such as: tank vapor space and ventilation system H{sub 2} concentration; tank waste temperature; tank pressure; waste density; operating pump parameters such as speed, flow, rotational position, discharge pressure, and internal temperature; strain (for major equipment); and waste level. The output of these sensors is conditioned and transmitted to the DACS computers where these signals are displayed, recorded, and monitored for out-of-specification conditions. If abnormal conditions are detected, then, in certain situations, the DACS automatically generates alarms and causes the system to abort pump operations. The portions of the system to be tested include: new RGA5 gas monitor; existing gas chromatographs; FTIR; B and K (Photo) NH{sub 3} equipment; any new or changed Genesis screens; and I/O Drop 13.

This revision responds to RL comments and increases the discussion of the ``effective hazard categorization`` and the readiness review basis. The safety assessment is made for the activities for the preparation and installation of the discharge chute isolation barriers. The safety assessment includes a hazard assessment and comparison of potential accidents/events to those addressed by the current safety basis documentation. No significant hazards were identified. An evaluation against the USQ evaluation questions were made and the determination made that the activities do not represent a USQ. Hazard categorization techniques were used to provide a basis for readiness review classification.

The Process Chemistry Laboratories were requested to support the 242-A Evaporator restart as part of the overall 222-S laboratory effort. The net purpose of these studies is to determine the characteristics of double-shell tank materials as they are processed in the evaporator. The results for the boildown study (which includes pressure and temperature versus % waste volume reduction and density of final boildown residue) supporting the 242-A Evaporator restart are reported below. The boildown was performed in a vacuum distillation apparatus with an adjustable vacuum limiting manometer and an isolatable collection graduated cylinder. The boildown was conducted over a seven hour period. The evaporation was done at 60 torr (to avoid excessive foaming and bumping of solution) for approximately half of the boildown, the pressure then being reduced to 40 torr when the reduction in solution volume allowed this to be done. Percent waste volume reduction was measured by observing the amount of condensate collected in a graduated cylinder. As the graduated cylinder became full, it was isolated from the rest of the system and the condensate removed. Pressure was set using an electronic manometer with a low pressure limiter set at the desired level. Temperature was measured using a …

Mixing tests for the Multifunction Waste Tank Facility (MWTF) were conducted in 1/25 and 1/10 scale test tanks with different slurry levels, solids concentrations, different jet mixers and with simulated in-tank structures. The same test procedure was used as in the Title I program, documented in WHC-SD-W236A-ER-005. The test results support the scaling correlation derived previously in the Title I program. The tests also concluded that a partially filled tank requires less mixing power, and horizontal and angled jets in combination (H/A mixer) are significantly more effective than the two horizontal jet mixers (H/H mixer) when used for mixing slurry with a high solids concentrations.

The Multistation Offgas Analysis System (MOAS) is a fully automated instrument which can independently measure the gases emitted by up to four samples in containers heated in ovens. A mass spectrometer is used to determine accurately their flow rates. There are six interconnected high vacuum pumping stations, one for each of the sample containers, one for the mass spectrometer, and one for the calibrated leaks which are used to calibrate the mass spectrometer. Quadstar 421{trademark} is the software package marketed by Balzers, the manufacturer of the mass spectrometer. This software used by MOAS is a combination of Quadstar 421{trademark}, special routines, called sequences in the Balzers nomenclature, and compiled programs that controls MOAS. Tests are run repeatedly on each of the four oven stations, while stations that are not ready, or do not have a sample are skipped. While the computer is sitting idle between tests, the software monitors the vacuum system. If necessary, the software will shut down a pumping station that is not operating correctly. The status of pumping stations and tests, filenames for data and oven temperatures are stored on disk, so the software can recover from a power failure. The operator can use the software to …

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A novel flue gas desulfurization technology has been developed at the University of Cincinnati incorporating a circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA) reactor with dry sorbent. The main features of CFBA are high sorbent/gas mixing ratios, excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics, and the ability to recycle partially utilized sorbent. Subsequently, higher SO{sub 2} removal efficiencies with higher overall sorbent utilization can be realized compared with other dry sorbent injection scrubber systems.

This report describes a method for calculating mixed heat transfer through the multilayer insulation used to insulate a 4 K liquid helium cryostat. The method described here permits one to estimate the insulation potential for a multilayer insulation system from first principles. The heat transfer regimes included are: radiation, conduction by free molecule gas conduction, and conduction through continuum gas conduction. Heat transfer in the transition region between the two gas conduction regimes is also included.