In December 1994, NATO members will begin the process of debating possible criteria for new members from Central Europe. Alliance relations with Russia will be a central factor determining the outcome of the debate.

This document provides the functional design criteria required for the Phase 2 Liquid Effluent Treatment and Disposal Project, Project W-252. Project W-252 shall provide new facilities and existing facility modifications required to implement Best Available Technology/All Known, Available, and Reasonable Methods of Prevention, Control, and Treatment (BAT/AKART) for the 200 East Phase II Liquid Effluent Streams. The project will also provide a 200 East Area Phase II Effluent Collection System (PTECS) for connection to a disposal system for relevant effluent streams to which BAT/AKART has been applied. Liquid wastestreams generated in the 200 East Area are currently discharged to the soil column. Included in these wastestreams are cooling water, steam condensate, raw water, and sanitary wastewaters. It is the policy of the DOE that the use of soil columns to treat and retain radionuclides and nonradioactive contaminants be discontinued at the earliest practical time in favor of wastewater treatment and waste minimization. In 1989, the DOE entered into an interagency agreement with Ecology and EPA. This agreement is referred to as the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement). Project W-252 is one of the projects required to achieve the milestones set forth in the Tri-Party Agreement. One …

This User`s Guide describes the installation and use of the Meta- Transport Library protocol base classes. This software package includes the full source code for the implementation, as well as man pages and appropriate documents. The fully built MTL is a C++ library file that is linked into derived protocol code.

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The Xpress Transfer Protocol (XTP) is a transport layer protocol designed to provide a wide range of communication services built on the concept that orthogonal protocol mechanisms can be combined to produce appropriate paradigms within the same basic framework. Rather than using a separate protocol for each type of communication, XTP`s protocol options and control of the packet exchange patterns allow the application to create appropriate paradigms such as unreliable datagrams, unreliable arbitrarily long datagrams, reliable datagrams, transactions, unreliable streams, reliable connections, and many others. Error control, flow control, and rate control are each configured to the needs of the communication. SandiaXTP is an object oriented implementation of XTP 3.7. The core of base classes used in SandiaXTP come from the Meta-Transport Library software. The SandiaXTP implementation of XTP 3.7 is a user space daemon. User`s application code makes request of the daemon, and the daemon satisfies them. This User`s Guide describes the installation and use of the SandiaXTP object-oriented implementation of XTP 3.7. The software package includes the full source code for the implementation, as well as man pages and appropriate documents. The fully built SandiaXTP is a user-space daemon that implements XTP 3.7.

High Level Waste (HLW) generated during Separations processing in the F- and H-Canyons is transferred to the Tank Farms for stage in 51 underground, million gallon storage tanks. The waste is an aqueous solution containing dissolved sodium salts and insoluble metal oxides/hydroxides. The waste solution is evaporated to reduce the volume, and the resulting saltcake and residual supernate are stored. Over the 40 year history of the Tank Farm, routine supernate sampling has been conducted in support of the primary goal of safe storage of HLW. As a result of routine and non-routine activities that are part of managing these highly radioactive wastes, secondary solid waste is generated. Radioactive contamination of over 90% of the solid waste generated is due to contact with BLW supernate or saltcake. In order to comply with the Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for of solid waste in the E-Area Vaults (EAV), the quantity of certain radioisotopes must be manifested for each waste container and a declaration made of whether or not the waste is hazardous. However, solid waste is not amenable to routine analysis, this forces a reliance on analytical data from supernate samples to characterize the contamination. To provide the manifest information, process knowledge …

The Evaporator Pot Temperature Instrumentations and the Steam Condensate Gamma Monitors are two instrumentation systems in the 2H Evaporator facilities that are classified as the critical protection. The temperature high alarm and interlock circuit and the temperature recorder circuit of the pot temperature instrumentation loop are described. From the gamma monitor loop, the high gamma alarm and interlock circuit, failure alarm and interlock circuit, cesium activity recorder circuit, and americium activity recorder circuit are described. (GHH)

The purpose of this document is to provide an initial, rough order of magnitude, evaluation of the relationship between the concentrations of selected radionuclides in process streams of a chemical process plant and the required degree of protective features for plant operations personnel. The evaluation provided in this document specifies ``trigger level`` concentrations of {sup 90}Sr, {sup 137}Cs, and transuranics (TRU) for ``contact maintenance`` activities. Concentrations above the ``trigger levels`` can be accommodated provided offsetting design features are incorporated (e.g., improved shielding partial to total confinement, etc.). This information will assist in defining the degree of reduction of concentrations of radionuclides required for the feed used in a low-level liquid waste processing plant to utilize a contact maintenance design concept. Offsetting design features that influence maintenance personnel exposures in a contact maintenance situation are identified. All concentrations are expressed in terms of actual process fluids before any flushing and decontamination steps.

The project establishes the necessary experiment and laboratory facilities at Xavier University. This phase of the work has taken a considerable amount of time, due to the limited laboratory space and the involved administrative policies and procedures in procuring the necessary chemicals, glassware and auxiliary supplies. Though there still remain some minor problems with space, the laboratory is now equipped for preparation of catalysts. During this period, the authors focused their attention toward analyzing the magnetic nature of extensively used trimetallic catalyst system Cu-Co-Cr for the production of higher alcohols. The authors decided to investigate the effect of method of preparation and intermetallic ratio on the magnetic behavior of the system.

Goal of the work was to develop computer models of organic aerogel structures, and to study transport process within these materials. During the course of the research understanding of the structure of all aerogels including acid and neutral-catalyzed silica aerogel was developed. The modeling of transport focused on fluid flow in aerogels. We successfully modified a novel state-of-the-art lattice Boltzmann code to simulate flow at low Knudsen number, and developed a simple molecular dynamics code for gas flow at extremely high Knudsen number (low density). These flow-modeling techniques can be used to study aerogel applications for technology transfer; in addition, these techniques can be used to study flow through other porous materials.

The Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a bench-scale treatability study on a pluto crib soil sample from 100 Area of the Hanford Site. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of physical separation (wet sieving), treatment processes (attrition scrubbing, and autogenous surface grinding), and chemical extraction methods as a means of separating radioactively-contaminated soil fractions from uncontaminated soil fractions. The soil washing treatability study was conducted on a soil sample from the 116-F-4 Pluto Crib that had been dug up as part of an excavation treatability study. Trace element analyses of this soil showed no elevated concentrations above typically uncontaminated soil background levels. Data on the distribution of radionuclide in various size fractions indicated that the soil-washing tests should be focused on the gravel and sand fractions of the 116-F-4 soil. The radionuclide data also showed that {sup 137}Cs was the only contaminant in this soil that exceeded the test performance goal (TPG). Therefore, the effectiveness of subsequent soil-washing tests for 116-F-4 soil was evaluated on the basis of activity attenuation of {sup 137}Cs in the gravel- and sand-size fractions.

Martin Marietta Specialty Components, Inc., and the US Department of Energy are committed to successfully administering a high quality Environmental Management Program at the Pinellas Plant in Pinellas County, Florida. Part of this commitment includes accurately documenting and communicating to the Pinellas Plant stakeholder the results of their environmental compliance and monitoring activities. The Annual Site Environmental Report presents a comprehensive summary of the results of the environmental monitoring, waste management, and environmental restoration programs at the Pinellas Plant for 1993. This report also includes the plant`s performance in the areas of compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and standards and identifies major environmental management program initiatives and accomplishments for 1993.

The initial technical goal in the project was to develop a chemical method for the cost effective removal of both inorganic and organic sulfur from Ohio coals. Verifying and using a process of reacting ethanol vapors with coal under conditions disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,888,029, the immediate technical objectives were to convert a small scale laborative batch process to a larger scale continuous process which can serve as the basis for commercial development of the technology. This involved getting as much information as possible from small scale batch autoclave or fluid bed laboratory reactors for use in pilot plant studies. The laboratory data included material balances on the coal and sulfur, temperature and pressure ranges for the reaction, minimum reaction times at different conditions, the effectiveness of different activators such as oxygen and nitric oxide, the amount and nature of by-products such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde, the effect of coal particle size on the speed and completeness of the reaction, and the effectiveness of the reaction on different Ohio coals. Because the laboratory experiments using the method disclosed in U.S. 4,888,029 were not successful, the objective for the project was changed to develop a new laboratory process …

An in situ investigation of the dissolution behavior of duplex stainless steel has been carried out in acidic solutions containing 2.0 M HCl with 2.0 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} to determine differences in dissolution rates of the austenitic and ferritic phases. The current density distribution over the dissolving steel surface was measured using a vibrating electrode. The study demonstrated that this technique could quantify the differences in dissolution rates of the austenitic and ferritic phases under the conditions tested. The dissolution rates for the two phases peak at different potentials resulting in multiple current maxima. In addition, transients in dissolution behavior of the two phases at different potentials were observed using optical microscopy. Electron microscopy of the dissolved surface showed very high levels of aluminum and silicon enrichment on the austenitic phase.

This work focuses on substrate morphology and on fragments synthesized by thermal, electron, and photon activation. The following work is complete: (1) Low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy were used to determine the local morphology of rhodium films on titania. (2) A new tool was developed for diagnosing surface reactions that involve C-H bond cleavage -- predosed oxygen TPD (POTPD), a technique based on scavenging surface H(a) by small amounts of preadsorbed 0(a) to form water. (4) For {pi}-bonded benzene on Ag(111), exposure to low energy electrons results in selective decomposition Of C{sub 6}D{sub 6}(a) to surface D atoms and phenyl fragments, which recombine and desorb as biphenyl between 275-390 K. Similarly, vinyl fragments have been prepared from ethylene. These fragments open the way for kinetic and spectroscopic characterization of interesting hydrocarbon reactions on transition metals. (5) Using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, we have studied how coadsorbates, particularly carbon monoxide, inhibit the decomposition of ethylidyne. The experiments were done in an ambient pressure of CO in order to maintain a sizable coverage into the temperature regime where ethylidyne normally decomposes. One aspect of our present work involves morphological studies of Rh on planar TiO{sub 2} …

The objective of this project is to increase the oil production and reserves in the Uinta Basin, Utah, by demonstration of improved completion techniques in the Bluebell field. Low productivity is attributed to gross production intervals of several thousand feet that contain perforated thief zones, water-bearing zones, and unperforated oil-bearing intervals. Geologic and engineering characterization and computer simulation of the Tertiary Green River and Wasatch Formations in the Bluebell field will determine reservoir heterogeneities related to fractures and depositional trends. This phase will be followed by drilling and recompletion of several wells to demonstrate improved completion techniques based on the reservoir characterization. Transfer of the project results will be an ongoing component of the project. Technical progress is described for: outcrop studies of the Green River Formation; subsurface studies of the Bluebell field; and engineering studies of the reservoirs in the Green River Formation and the Wasatch Formation.

The granular activated carbon (GAC)-filled canister that overheated was being used to adsorb carbon tetrachloride vapors drawn from a well near the 216-Z-9 Trench, a subsurface disposal site in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. The overheating incident resulted in a band of discolored paint on the exterior surface of the canister. Although there was no other known damage to equipment, no injuries to operating personnel, and no releases of hazardous materials, the incident is of concern because it was not anticipated. It also poses the possibility of release of carbon tetrachloride and other hazardous vapors if the incident were to recur. All soil vapor extraction system (VES) operations were halted until a better understanding of the cause of the incident could be determined and controls implemented to reduce the possibility of a recurrence. The focus of this report and the intent of all the activities associated with understanding the overheating incident has been to provide information that will allow safe restart of the VES operations, develop operational limits and controls to prevent recurrence of an overheating incident, and safely optimize recovery of carbon tetrachloride from the ground.

The PHENIX Management Plan provides the baselines and controls that the PHENIX and RHIC Projects will follow to meet the technical, cost, and schedule goals for the PHENIX detector at RHIC. This plan will be reviewed and updated as required, with revisions made by agreement among the signed participants.

The electron beam technology demonstration at SRS has potential benefit to some groundwater remediation projects at SR and other DOE facilities. At SRS, organic contaminants are the most commonly found contaminants in groundwaters, consequently, this technology has the potential to remove the contaminants fro the groundwaters effectively. The primary objective is to provide site-specific data to support SRS remediation actions. The secondary objective for the technology demonstration will be to obtain necessary information for a full-scale remediation treatment system. The information will include operating and construction costs, removal efficiency, potential operating problems, and process chemical dosages if applied.

The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, JHU/API, in support of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LLNL, is conducting aerodynamic, trajectory, and structural analysis of the Advanced Single Stage Technology Rapid Insertion Demonstration (ASTRID) vehicle, being launched out of Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in February 1994. The launch is designated ASTRID-1 and is the first in a series of three that will be launched out of VAFB. Launch dates for the next two flights have not been identified, but they are scheduled for the 1994-1995 time frame. The primary goal of the ASTRID-1 flight is to test the LLNL light weight thrust on demand bi-propellant pumped divert propulsion system. The system is employed as the main thrusters for the ASTRID-1 vehicle and uses hydrazine as the mono-propellant. The major conclusions are: (1) The vehicle is very stable throughout flight (stability margin = 17 to 24 inches); (2) The aerodynamic frequency and the roll rate are such that pitch-roll interactions will be small; (3) The high stability margin combined with the high launcher elevation angle makes the vehicle flight path highly sensitive to perturbations during the initial phase of flight, i.e., during the first second of flight after leaving the rail; (4) …

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This report documents water column measurements made during the 1994 Loch Linnhe experiment, a joint US/UK radar ocean imaging experiment. Part 1 summarizes the profiles of temperature, salinity, density, Brunt-Vaisala frequency, and horizontal currents resolved into along and cross track directions. Internal wave dispersion relations, phase and group velocities, and eigenfunctions for modes 1 and 2 are computed for each profile. The effect of depth on these derived internal wave parameters is examined as well by computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for two different depths. The trials were conducted in Loch Linnhe, Scotland during the period from September 4, 1994 to September 17, 1994. The measurements reported herein were made from on board the R. V. Calanus, a research vessel operated by the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory (DML). The Calanus was moored approximately 125 meters from the track of the wake generating ship, either the R. V. Colonel Templer or a {open_quotes}Dog{close_quotes} class tug, the Collie. The depth at the mooring location was approximately 45 meters, while the depth at the closest point along the ship track was approximately 80 meters. For further details of the experiment, one is referred to the Loch Linnhe Experiment 1994: Trial Plan, Draft Version 3.0.

The 1994 SIAM Forum examined applied mathematics in industry with a particular focus on the ingredients for a successful career. The presentations were a mix of panel discussions and individual speakers. In their presentations and discussions, members of four different panels explored: the experiences of recent graduates whose first job was in industry; the hiring process from the point of view of managers; the place of mathematics and of mathematicians in smaller firms; the insights of industrial applied mathematicians whose terminal degree is not in mathematics. Another view of careers in business, industry, and government was provided by a presentation of preliminary data from SIAM`s Mathematics in Industry (MII) project. Finally, techniques for building bridges from academia to industry were described by several experienced speakers. In spite of the diverse backgrounds of the Forum`s panelists and speakers, the central ideas they presented were strikingly similar. These common themes are outlined here. The Forum program is appended to this report.

This plan describes the activities to be performed and the controls to be applied to the process of specifying, developing, and qualifying the data acquisition software for the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Transportation System Subsystem 143 Instrumentation and Data Acquisition System (IDAS). This plan will serve as a software quality assurance plan, a verification and validation (V and V) plan, and a configuration management plan.