This document is the first part of a three-part report describing the analysis and characterization of double shell tank 241-AP-108 which is located at the Hanford Reservation.This document is the analytical laboratory data package entitled `Analysis and Characterization of Double Shell Tank 241-AP-108` which contains a case sampling history, the sampling protocols, the analytical procedures, sampling and analysis quality assurance and quality control measures, and chemical analysis results for samples obtained from the tank.

None

The scope of this quality assurance project plan (Plan) is sampling and analytical services including, but not limited to, sample receipt, handling and storage, analytical measurements, submittal of data deliverables, archiving selected portions of samples, returning unneeded sample material to Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), and/or sample disposal associated with candidate feed samples and process condensate compliance samples. Sampling and shipping activities are also included within the scope. The purpose of this project is to provide planning, implementation, and assessment guidance for achieving established data quality objectives measurement parameters. This Plan requires onsite and offsite laboratories to conform to that guidance. Laboratory conformance will help ensure that quality data are being generated and therefore, that the 242-A evaporator is operating in a safe and compliant manner. The 242-A evaporator feed stream originates from double-shell tanks (DSTs) identified as candidate feed tanks. The 242-A evaporator reduces the volume of aqueous waste contained in DSTs by boiling off water and sending it to the Liquid Effluent Retention Facility (LERF) storage basin before further treatment. The slurry product is returned to DSTs. Evaporation results in considerable savings by reducing the volume of mixed waste for disposal.

This report documents the verification and validation of two decision support programs: EXPERT CHOICE{trademark} and PCM{trademark}. Both programs use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) -- or pairwise comparison technique -- developed by Dr. Thomas L. Saaty. In order to provide an independent method for the validating the two programs, the pairwise comparison algorithm was developed for a standard mathematical program. A standard data set -- selecting a car to purchase -- was used with each of the three programs for validation. The results show that both commercial programs performed correctly.

The SGI International Liquids From Coal (LFC) Process is a mild pyrolysis, or mild gasification, treatment that upgrades low-rank coals by removing almost all of the moisture and a substantial portion of the volatile matter. The process produces two value-added co-products: a Coal Derived Liquid (CDL) and a solid Process Derived Fuel (PDF). A third co-product, a low-heating-value non-condensible gas, is recirculated and combusted in a commercial sized plant to provide drying and pyrolysis process heat. The LFC Process consists of three basic steps. The first step, drying, involves essentially inert gas convectively raising the coal temperature and removing most of the moisture. The drying temperature is limited to ensure that no hydrocarbon gases evolve, and the flow rate is limited below fluidization levels for most of the coal particles. The second step, pyrolysis, consists of additional inert gas heating that raises the temperature of the dried coal so that more than half of the volatile matter is removed under a controlled temperature history that is characteristic for each particular coal and customer demand. The third step, finishing or conditioning, consists of exposure to a cooling inert gas that quenches the pyrolysis reaction, followed by controlled exposure to oxygen for …

None

The intensity of X-rays and neutrons reflected from an interface at near-grazing incidence depends sensitively on the refractive index profile normal to the interface. As the refractive index depends on the density, the measured reflectivity vs. incidence angle can be used to determine the Interfacial density profile with sub {angstrom} resolution. The density sampled is, however, different for the two probes. As neutrons interact with the atomic nuclei, they probe the scattering amplitude density profile of the nuclei. This amounts effectively to probing the average mass density profile, where the contribution of each atomic species is weighted by its nucleus-neutron interaction strength, which varies irregularly throughout the periodic table. X-rays, however, interact with the electronic charge and thus probe the total electronic density profile of the interface. The two probes provide, therefore, slightly different, though related, information on the interface structure. Since modern synchrotron X-ray sources are 5-6 orders of magnitude brighter than the best neutron sources, X-ray reflectivity measurements routinely achieve much higher resolutions and accuracies than their neutron counterparts. However, the magnetic interaction and the large variation of the neutron scattering length upon isotopic substitution renders neutron reflectivity a method-of-choice in special cases such as studies of surface …

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is developing the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) to enhance its energy forecasting capabilities and to provide the Department of Energy with a comprehensive framework for analyzing alternative energy` futures. NEMS is designed with a multi-level modular structure that represents specific energy supply activities, conversion processes, and demand sectors as a series of self-contained units which are linked by an integrating mechanism. The NEMS International Energy Module (IEM) computes world oil prices and the resulting patterns of international trade in crude oil and refined products. This report is a reference document for energy analysts, model users, and the public that is intended to meet EIA`s legal obligation to provide adequate documentation for all statistical and forecast reports (Public Law 93-275, section 57(b)(1). Its purpose is to describe the structure of the IEM. Actual operation of the model is not discussed here. The report contains four sections summarizing the overall structure of the IEM and its interface with other NEMS modules, mathematical specifications of behavioral relationships, and data sources and estimation methods. Following a general description of the function and rationale of its key components, system and equation level information sufficient to permit independent evaluation of …

Locked mode coils for detecting radial magnetic field perturbations B{sub r} were recently constructed and installed on the TEXT-U tokamak. The measured experimental signals showed that both minor and major disruptive instabilities were almost always preceded by a growth in B{sub r}. For some plasma discharges with long duration precursors, a mode lock occurs before the disruption takes place. However, detailed investigation showed that the modes were still rotating in the toroidal direction but with a very low frequency of about 50 Hz. The results of the analysis done confirmed that the m=1/m=2 mode coupling is the main triggering mechanism for the disruptions. Only after the coupling has taken place, when the frequency of the MHD activity measured with Mirnov coils has dropped from about 10 kHz to near 5 kHz and the characteristic deformation of the sawteeth has occurred, are fluctuating radial magnetic fields picked up by the locked mode coils.

The objectives of the EHAP program are to: Develop a holistic, national basis for risk assessment, risk management and risk communication; Develop a pool of talented scientists and experts in cleanup activities, especially in human health aspects, and; Identify needs and develop programs addressing the critical shortage of well-educated, highly-skilled technical and scientific personnel to address the health oriented aspects of environmental restoration and waste management. This report describes activities and reports on progress for the third quarter of year two (January-March, 1994) of the grant. To better accomplish objectives, grant efforts are organized into three major elements: The Crossroads of Humanity Series; Research, Science and Education Programs; and Program Management. The Crossroads of Humanity Series charted a new course, incorporating lessons learned during previous quarters into a series of programs designed to address environmental issues in a real world setting. Reports are included on the various research programs with milestones and deliverables from the third quarter.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established health and environmental protection regulations to correct and prevent ground water contamination resulting from processing activities at inactive uranium milling sites (52 FR 36000 (1987)). According to the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978, 42 USC {section}7901 et seq., the US Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for assessing the inactive uranium processing sites. The DOE has determined that for Slick Rock, this assessment shall include hydrogeologic site characterization for two separate uranium processing sites, the Union Carbide (UC) site and the North Continent (NC) site, and for the proposed Burro Canyon disposal site. The water resources protection strategy that describes how the proposed action will comply with the EPA ground water protection standards is presented in Attachment 4. The following site characterization activities are discussed in this attachment: Characterization of the hydrogeologic environment, including hydrostratigraphy, ground water occurrence, aquifer parameters, and areas of recharge and discharge. Characterization of existing ground water quality by comparison with background water quality and the maximum concentration limits (MCL) of the proposed EPA ground water protection standards. Definition of physical and chemical characteristics of the potential contaminant source, including concentration and leachability of …

A critical requirement for accurately representing surface-atmosphere interactions within an atmospheric model is to realistically characterize the land surface. Data must be extracted from a geographical database and transformed so that it is consistent with the needs of the numerical model. In such a process, there are two major classes of error that must be understood and minimized whenever possible. The first class involves the accuracy, precision, and resolution of the geographical data itself. The second is error introduced by the transformations used to assimilate the data into the atmospheric model. Thus, this research has two coupled objectives: to understand the effects of errors within the geographical data base upon the accuracy of the atmospheric model simulation and to design optimal techniques for the transformation of the data.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory responded to the 17 January 1994, Northridge earthquake by sending an information gathering team to observe and study the collapse of the interchange between highways 14 and I-5 in the northern San Fernando Valley. This field team examined the structural failure at the interchange and the surface soil conditions, and they installed high-grain RefTek seismic recorders to record aftershocks. We recorded aftershocks for two weeks. Analyses of aftershock recordings in this report illustrate the degree of differential support motion for this site, and the higher than expected ground motion from an earthquake of this size and distance. We used the aftershock recordings of small earthquakes as empirical Green`s functions and synthesized strong ground motion at three sites in the interchange area. Results presented here are based on an assumption that the geology of the interchange area remained linear in its response to the main event.

The overall goal of the Ames Laboratory Expedited Site Characterization (ESC) project is to evaluate and promote both innovative and state-of-the-practice site characterization and/or monitoring technologies. This will be accomplished by fielding both types of technologies together in the context of an expedited site characterization. The first site will be at a former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) in Marshalltown, Iowa. The project will field three areas of technology: geophysical, analytical, and data fusion. Geophysical technologies are designed to understand the subsurface geology to help predict fate and transport of the target contaminants. Analytical technologies/methods are designed to detect and quantify the target contaminants. Data fusion technology consists of software systems designed to rapidly integrate or fuse all site information into a conceptual site model that then becomes the decision making tool for the site team to plan subsequent sampling activity. Not all of the contaminants present can be located at the action level. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the signature organics associated with the coal tar activities that took place at the site. As a result, PAHs were selected as the target compounds. Screening analytical instruments and nonintrusive geophysical techniques will be fielded to qualitatively map the spatial contaminant distribution. …

On February 3, 1993, the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office received a Compliance Order and Information Request from the Director of the Air and Toxics Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. The Compliance Order requires the Richland Operations Office to evaluate all radionuclide emission points at the Hanford Site to determine which are subject to continuous emission measurement requirements in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 61, Subpart H, and to continuously measure radionuclide emissions in accordance with 40 CFR 61.93. This evaluation provides an assessment of the 39 unregistered stacks, under Westinghouse Hanford Company`s management, and their potential radionuclide emissions, i.e., emissions with no control devices in place. The evaluation also determined if the effective dose equivalent from any of these stack emissions exceeded 0.1 mrem/yr, which will require the stack to have continuous monitoring. The result of this assessment identified three stacks, 107-N, 296-P-26 and 296-P-28, as having potential emissions that would cause an effective dose equivalent greater than 0.1 mrem/yr. These stacks, as noted by 40 CFR 61.93, would require continuous monitoring.

None

This is an Environmental Assessment (Assessment) (DOE/EA-0935) evaluating the Power Marketing Policy and Subsequent Contracts between Southeastern and its customers. The Assessment evaluates two alternatives and the no action alternative. The proposed action is to market the power and energy available in the Georgia-Alabama-South Carolina System during the next ten years, with new power sales contracts of ten-year durations, to the customers set forth in Appendix A of the Assessment. In addition to the proposed alternative, the Assessment evaluates the alternative of extending existing contracts under the current marketing policy.

Characterization of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) sealed in canisters at KW-Basin is needed to determine the state of storing SNF wet. Samples of the liquid and the gas in the closed canisters will be taken to gain characterization information. Sampling equipment has been designed to retrieve gas and liquid from the closed canisters in KW Basin. This plan is written to outline the test requirements for this developmental sampling equipment.

This note is the continuation of our comprehensive investigation of Crystalline Beams. After having determined the equations of motion and the conditions for the formation of the simplest configuration, i.e. the string, we study the possibility of storing an intense beam of charged particles in a storage ring where they form a vertical zigzag. We define the equilibrium configuration, and examine the confinement conditions. Subsequently, we derive the transfer matrix for motion through various elements of the storage ring. Finally we investigate the stability conditions for such a beam.

Waste tank fissile material and non-fissile material estimates are used to evaluate criticality safety for the existing sludge inventory and batches of sludge sent to Extended Sludge Processing (ESP). This report documents the weight ratios of several non-fissile waste constituents to fissile waste constituents from canyon reprocessing waste streams. Weight ratios of Fe, Mn, Al, Mi, and U-238 to fissile material are calculated from monthly loss estimates from the F and H Canyon Low Heat Waste (LHW) and High Heat Waste (HHW) streams. The monthly weight ratios for Fe, Mn and U-238 are then compared to calculated minimum safe weight ratios. Documented minimum safe weight ratios for Al and Ni to fissile material are currently not available. Total mass data for the subject sludge constituents is provided along with scatter plots of the monthly weight ratios for each waste stream.

The baseline design for the CMS hadronic calorimeter (HCAL) calls for barrel wedges subtending an azimuthal range of 1/18 of 2 {pi}. These wedges will each have about 1 cm of inert material which is required to make a self supporting structure. Therefore, it is expected that there will be about 2 cm of inert material between active elements in the CMS calorimeter. Since the inner radius of the HCAL modules is at 1.95 m, there is about 3% of the azimuth which is inert and possibly projective. Previous studies for the SDC endcap have indicated that such a level of inert material is largely benign. However, it is necessary to examine the specific case of CMS, both in the barrel and in the endcap.

The main emphasis of the proposal had been to study control systems for which the observation function is perspective. Since a CCD camera observes points upto a perspective projection, it is hoped that these dynamical systems would be useful in the study of visually guided control systems: systems for which the feedback control is to be generated with the aid of a CCD camera. We basically divided our task into three distinct subproblems. (1) To define a perspective dynamical system and study problems in this context that arises as a result of state observability, parameter identifiability and controllability. We also proposed to look into the prospect of applying dynamic observers for on line parameter estimation. (2) To apply the proposed perspective theory in the context of controlling a robot arm. The robot is proposed to be controlled with the aid of a pair of CCD cameras for the purpose of dynamic obstacle avoidance and manipulation. (3) The theory and application of a perspective dynamical system in the context of controlling a robot manipulator is to be extended to a general context wherein a visual cognition framework involves image understanding using multiresolution analysis and various other biologically plausible framework and the …

This report documents the chemical compatibility of waste types within tanks 241-C-106, 241-AY-101, and 241-AY-102. This information was compiled to facilitate the transfer of tank 241-C-106 waste to tank 241-AY-102 utilizing supernatant from tank 241-AY-101 as the sluicing medium. This document justifies that no chemical compatibility safety issues currently understood, or theorized from thermodynamic modeling, will result from the intended sluice transfer operation.

The objectives of this project are to test novel fullerene based catalysts for application in methane activation. During this period we investigated a novel method of activating carbon soot which was recently reported in literature. In this method, the soot is treated with carbon dioxide at temperatures of 850{degrees}C to give a microporous carbon with a high surface area. We repeated this activation step and found that the BET surface areas increased from approximately 125 m{sup 2}/g to over 600 m{sup 2}/g. We plan to test this activated soot for methane activation to compare with the results obtained before activation. We continued our investigation of the base-line conditions for both thermal reactions and soot-catalyzed reactions of methane, and in addition, we compared these results to those obtained with Norit-A carbon as a catalyst. Diluents such as hydrogen and helium were added into the reaction system to determine their respective effects on selectivity during the methane activation experiments. In terms of methane activation, under our conditions, the fullerene soot was found to be the most active, with the threshold for the methane activation below as 800{degrees}C, while the Norit-A catalyst exhibited a threshold slightly above 800{degrees}C, and the pure thermal reaction …