Using the theories presented in DOE Orders 4700.1, 1332.1A, and Notice 4700.5 as the basis for system design, the Fernald Environmental Restoration Management Corporation (FERMCO) has developed and implemented a Project Control System (PCS) that complies with requirements and provides DOE and FERMCO management with timely performance measurement information. To this extent, the FERMCO PCS probably is similar to the systems of the majority of the contractors in the DOE complex. In fact. this facet of the FERMCO PCS generally mirrors those used on projects around the world by FERMCO`s parent company, Fluor Daniel. Starting with this {open_quotes}platform{close_quotes}, the vision and challenge of creating a fully integrated system commenced. An open-architecture systems approach is the factor that most greatly influenced and enabled the successful development and implementation of the Project Control System for the Fernald Environmental Management Project. All aspects of a fully integrated system were considered during the design phase. The architecture of the FERMCO system enables seamless, near real-time, transfer of data both from and to the Project Control System with all other related systems. The primary systems that provide and share data with the Project Control System include those used by the Payroll, Accounting, Procurement, and Human …

We present an overview of the tactics we have used to achieve a high-level of performance while improving portability for a large-scale molecular dynamics code SPaSM. SPaSM was originally implemented in ANSI C with message passing for the Connection Machine 5 (CM-5). In 1993, SPaSM was selected as one of the winners in the IEEE Gordon Bell Prize competition for sustaining 50 Gflops on the 1024 node CM-5 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Achieving this performance on the CM-5 required rewriting critical sections of code in CDPEAC assembler language. In addition, the code made extensive use of CM-5 parallel I/O and the CMMD message passing library. Given this highly specialized implementation, we describe how we have ported the code to the Cray T3D and high performance workstations. In addition we will describe how it has been possible to do this using a single version of source code that runs on all three platforms without sacrificing any performance. Sound too good to be true? We hope to demonstrate that one can realize both code performance and portability without relying on the latest and greatest prepackaged tool or parallelizing compiler.

Using a large aperture (19 mm) flashlamp-pumped Cr:LiSrAlF{sub 6}(LiSAF) amplifier, we have demonstrated the amplification of hundred femtosecond pulses to an energy of 1.0 J. Chirped pulse amplification in LiSAF results in recompressed pulses of 125 fsec at a repetition rate of one shot every 20 seconds.

A complete set of diagnostics for use on a frequency-tripled high-energy glass laser system is described. We employed high resolution imaging, temporal pulse-shape, beam bandwidth, phase-front, and precision energy instrumentation.

A copy of a newspaper article pertaining to Califonia's Proposition 186 and the reaction of the gay and lesbian community.

Experiments on Nova have demonstrated hohlraum radiation temperatures up to 300 eV and in lower temperature experiments reproducible time integrated symmetry to 1--2%. Detailed 2-D LASNEX simulations satisfactorily reproduce Nova`s drive and symmetry scaling data bases. Hohlraums has been used for implosion experiments achieving convergence ratios (initial capsule radius/final fuel radius) up to 24 with high density glass surrounding a hot gas fill.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in conjunction with the Energetic Materials Center (a partnership of Lawrence Livermore and Sandia National Laboratories), is developing methods for the safe and environmentally sound destruction of explosives and propellants as a part of the Laboratory`s ancillary demilitarization mission. As a result of the end of the Cold War and the shift in emphasis to a smaller stockpile, many munitions, both conventional and nuclear, are scheduled for retirement and rapid dismantlement and demilitarization. major components of these munitions are the explosives and propellants, or energetic materials. The Department of Energy has thousands of pounds of energetic materials which result from dismantlement operations at the Pantex Plant. The Department of Defense has several hundred million pounds of energetic materials in its demilitarization inventory, with millions more added each year.

This paper describes a model of drilling by high radiance pulsed lasers. The model contains a one-dimensional description of heat transport below the bottom of the hole, hydrodynamic expansion of the vapor and compressed air, and light propagation through the vapor. The pressure and energy of the vapor are taken from a separate Saha equilibrium code. The boundary conditions at the vaporization surface include the formation of a Knudsen layer within which macroscopic fluid conditions are reached. The absorption mechanisms in the pertinent range of densities and temperatures are photoionization and inverse bremsstrahlung. The model has been applied to the case of drilling in stainless steel with green copper laser light, for peak input intensities ranging from 10{sup 8} to 5 {times} 10{sup 10} W/cm{sup 2}. Below 3 {times} 10{sup 8} W/cm{sup 2}, their is negligible absorption in the vapor and ablation increases rapidly with intensity. Above this point, ablation still generally increases with intensity, because of a combination of partially penetrating light and electron thermal conduction to the surface. The predicted ablation rates agree semiquantitatively with experiment.

We report progress in an effort to develop and demonstrate a refuelable zinc/air battery for fleet electric vehicle applications. A refuelable module consisting of twelve bipolar cells with internal flow system has been refueled at rates of nearly 4 cells per minute refueling time of 10 minutes for a 15 kW, 55 kWh battery. The module is refueled by entrainment of 0.5-mm particles in rapidly flowing electrolyte, which delivers the particles into hoppers above each cell in a parallel-flow hydraulic circuit. The concept of user-recovery is presented as an alternative to centralized service infrastructure during market entry.

The Advanced Telecommunications Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with Pacific Bell, is developing an experimental high speed, four wavelength, protocol independent optical link for evaluating wide area networking interconnection schemes and the use of fiber amplifiers. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, as a super-user, supercomputer, and super-application site, is anticipating the future bandwidth and protocol requirements to connect to other such sites as well as to connect to remote sited control centers and experiments. In this paper we discuss our vision of the future of Wide Area Networking and describe the plans for the wavelength division multiplexed link between Livermore and the University of California at Berkeley.

Neutron diffraction measurements have revealed that BaCuO{sub 2+x} orders antiferromagnetically below T{sub N} = (15.0 {+-} 0.5) with a magnetic propagating vector {kappa} = [1 1 1]. The Cu atoms in the Cu{sub 6} ring clusters, located at the (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) positions, order ferromagnetically within these clusters while the clusters themselves order antiferromagnetically. The ordered magnetic moment of each of these Cu atoms is (0.89 {+-} 0.05){mu}{sub B} at T=4.2K. No evidence of long-range magnetic ordering of the Cu atoms in the Cu{sub 18} clusters, located at the (O, O, O) and (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) positions, was found down to a temperature T=2.5K.

The physics approaches to improved, steady-state tokamak reactors, as evolved through reactor design studies, ideas based on experimental results, and better theoretical understanding, are the foundation for the mission and physics design of the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX). The mission of TPX is to develop the scientific basis for cost-competitive, continuously operating tokamak power plants. We report here the design status of TPX, a device optimized to achieve improved performance through strong plasma shaping, recycling control, and current profile shaping, while operating continuously. The design incorporates poloidal field flexibility for a wide range of operation in normalized beta and internal inductance, a double-null ``Vee`` divertor configuration for power and particle control, internal and external n {ne} 0 coils, as well as passive stabilizers, for control of MHD activity, and remote maintenance for continuous high-power operation in deuterium. Having superconducting poloidal and toroidal coils, the TPX device itself is capable of continuous operation, although initially auxiliary equipment limits the pulse length to 1000 sec.

We have studied the properties of Z boson events produced in 1.8 TeV p{bar p} collisions using 19.3 pb{sup {minus}1} of integrated luminosity collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) during the 1992--1993 Tevatron run. We compare the characteristics of the hadronic jets associated with the Z to leading-order QCD calculations using the VECBOS Monte Carlo program. For a subsample of events, we identify B jets and compare their rates to those expected from events with generic QCD jets.

Often the tasks of a parallel job compute sets of values that are reduced to a single value or gathered to build an aggregate structure. Since reductions may introduce dependencies, most languages separate computation and reduction. For example, Fortran 90 and HPF provide a rich set of predefined reduction functions but only for extant arrays. Sisal 1.2 is unique in that it supports seven reduction operations as a natural consequence of loop expressions. These reductions are limited and cannot express the variety of reduction operations found in parallel programs. In this paper, the authors present compilation techniques that recognize pairs of computation-reduction expressions in Sisal 1.2 and fuse them into single parallel loops. This optimization overlaps computation and reduction, reduces runtime overhead, and reduces storage requirements. They describe an implementation and they present performance numbers that demonstrate the utility of their techniques.

The use of reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a tool for surface inspection is described. Laboratory instruments and portable instruments can support remote sensing probes that can map chemical contaminants on surfaces. Detection limits under the best of conditions are in the subnanometer range (i.e., near absolute cleanliness), excellent performance is obtained in the submicrometer range, and useful performance may exist for films tens of microns thick. Identifying and quantifying contamination such as mineral oils and greases, vegetable oils, and silicone oils on aluminum foil, galvanized sheet steel, smooth aluminum tubing, and gritblasted 7075 aluminum alloy and D6AC steel are described. The ability to map in time and space the distribution of oil stains on metals is demonstrated. Techniques for quantitatively applying oils to metals, subsequently verifying the application, and nonlinear relationships between reflectance and the quantity of oil are discussed.

Vector field rendering is difficult in 3D because the vector icons overlap and hide each other. We propose four different techniques for visualizing vector fields only near surfaces. The first uses motion blurred particles in a thickened region around the surface. The second uses a voxel grid to contain integral curves of the vector field. The third uses many antialiased lines through the surface, and the fourth uses hairs sprouting from the surface and then bending in the direction of the vector field. All the methods use the graphics pipeline, allowing real time rotation and interaction, and the first two methods can animate the texture to move in the flow determined by the velocity field.

Recent experiments with femtosecond lasers provide a test bed for theoretical ideas about electron processes in hot dense plasmas. We briefly review aspects of electron conduction theory likely to prove relevant to femtosecond laser absorption. We show that the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit implies a maximum inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of about 50% at temperatures near the Fermi temperature. We also propose that sheath inverse bremsstrahlung leads to a minimum absorption of 7-10% at high laser intensity.

Demand-side management (DSM) remains the centerpiece of California`s energy policy. Over the coming decade, California plans to meet 30 percent of the state`s incremental electricity demand and 50 percent of its peak demand with (DSM) programs. The major investor-owned utilities in California recently completed the first round of program impact studies for energy efficiency programs implemented in 1990 and 1991. The central focus of this paper is to assess the resource planning and policy implications of Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Company`s recent program evaluations. The paper has three goals. First, we identify and discuss major issues that surfaced from our attempt to apply evaluation results to forecasting and planning questions. Second, we review and summarize the evaluation results for PG&E`s primary energy efficiency programs. Third, we change long-run program assumptions, based on our assessment in the second task, and then examine the impacts of these changes on a recent PG&E demand-side management forecast and resource plan.

Cleanup of hazardous waste sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) is a complicated and painstaking process, particularly at facilities with a multitude of individual hazardous waste sites, each having a multitude of chemicals and radonuclides. The US Department of Energy-Oak Ridge, Environmental Restoration Division (DOE-OR/ERD) administers five such facilities which are undergoing environmental cleanup under the CERCLA Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) process or the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) investigation process. The nature of the wastes treated, stored, or disposed of at the US DOE-OR sites is heterogeneous and often unknown. The amount of environmental sampling, chemical analysis, and document preparation and review required to support a baseline risk assessment alone at each facility often requires years before arriving at a final Record of Decision. Therefore, there is clearly a need to streamline the investigative and decision processes in order to realize the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) goal of reducing contaminant levels to those that are protective human health and the environment in a timely and cost-effective manner.

The full spectrum of occupied and unoccupied {sigma} and {pi} orbitals is presented for solid C{sub 60}, C{sub 70}, and graphite, using Cls emission and absorption spectroscopy. There are significant differences between C{sub 60} and C{sub 70}, and even larger changes relative to their infinite analog graphite C{sub {infinity}}. A comparison is made with photoemission and inverse photoemission results, along with first principles quasiparticle calculations.