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Advanced Neutron Source enrichment study. Volume 2: Appendices -- Final report, Revision 12/94 (open access)

Advanced Neutron Source enrichment study. Volume 2: Appendices -- Final report, Revision 12/94

A study has been performed of the impact on performance of using low enriched uranium (20% {sup 235}U) or medium enriched uranium (35% {sup 235}U) as an alternative fuel for the Advanced Neutron Source, which is currently designed to use uranium enriched to 93% {sup 235}U. Higher fuel densities and larger volume cores were evaluated at the lower enrichments in terms of impact on neutron flux, safety, safeguards, technical feasibility, and cost. The feasibility of fabricating uranium silicide fuel at increasing material density was specifically addressed by a panel of international experts on research reactor fuels. The most viable alternative designs for the reactor at lower enrichments were identified and discussed. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to gain an understanding of the performance of the reactor at parametric values of power, fuel density, core volume, and enrichment that were interpolations between the boundary values imposed on the study or extrapolations from known technology. Volume 2 of this report contains 26 appendices containing results, meeting minutes, and fuel panel presentations. There are 26 appendices in this volume.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Bari, R. A.; Ludewig, H. & Weeks, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced technologies for decontamination and conversion of scrap metals (open access)

Advanced technologies for decontamination and conversion of scrap metals

Recycle of radioactive scrap metals (RSM) from decommissioning of DOE uranium enrichment and nuclear weapons manufacturing facilities is mandatory to recapture the value of these metals and avoid the high cost of disposal by burial. The scrap metals conversion project detailed below focuses on the contaminated nickel associated with the gaseous diffusion plants. Stainless steel can be produced in MSC`s vacuum induction melting process (VIM) to the S30400 specification using nickel as an alloy constituent. Further the case alloy can be rolled in MSC`s rolling mill to the mechanical property specification for S30400 demonstrating the capability to manufacture the contaminated nickel into valuable end products at a facility licensed to handle radioactive materials. Bulk removal of Technetium from scrap nickel is theoretically possible in a reasonable length of time with the high calcium fluoride flux, however the need for the high temperature creates a practical problem due to flux volatility. Bulk decontamination is possible and perhaps more desirable if nickel is alloyed with copper to lower the melting point of the alloy allowing the use of the high calcium fluoride flux. Slag decontamination processes have been suggested which have been proven technically viable at the Colorado School of Mines.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Muth, T.R.; Moore, J.; Olson, D. & Mishra, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced tokamak operating modes in TPX and ITER (open access)

Advanced tokamak operating modes in TPX and ITER

A program is described to develop the advanced tokamak physics required for an economic steady-state fusion reactor on existing (short-pulse) tokamak experiments; to extend these operating modes to long-pulse on TPX; and finally to demonstrate them in a long-pulse D-T plasma on ITER.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Nevins, W. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced turbine systems (ATS) program conceptual design and product development. Quarterly report, September 1 - November 30, 1994 (open access)

Advanced turbine systems (ATS) program conceptual design and product development. Quarterly report, September 1 - November 30, 1994

Achieving the advanced turbine system goals of 60% efficiency, 8 ppmvd NOx, and 10% electric power cost reduction imposes competing characteristics on the gas turbine system: the turbine inlet temperature must increase, although this will lead to increased NOx emission. Improved coating and materials along with creative combustor design can result in solutions. The program is focused on two specific products: a 70 MW class industrial gas turbine based on GE90 core technology utilizing an innovative air cooling methodology, and a 200 MW class utility gas turbine based on an advanced GE heavy duty machines utilizing advanced cooling and enhancement in component efficiency. This report reports on tasks 3-8 for the industrial ATS and the utility ATS. Some impingement heat transfer results are given.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in research for solid oxide fuel cells (open access)

Advances in research for solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells are attracting considerable interest among industrial organizations wanting to position themselves in a potentially important technology of the future. More than a dozen new organizations worldwide have begun SOFC development in the last few years. Most of this R and D activity is in the planar technology, because it represents a good compromise between the proven but IR-limited tubular configuration and the high-performance but difficult-to-fabricate monolithic structure. The challenges of developing the planar cell configurations are finding high-temperature edge and manifold seal materials that will make very flat ceramic trilayers of sufficiently large area, and minimize contact resistances in stacks of cells. Also, decreasing the operating temperature requires development of reliable thin-film fabrication methods for the electrolyte, and finding a metal with good oxidation resistance and a thermal expansion coefficient well matched with the different cell components. Finally, toughness and a thermal stress tolerance of stacks need to be improved.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Krumpelt, M.; Kueper, T. W. & Doshi, R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adventures in supercomputing: An innovative program for high school teachers (open access)

Adventures in supercomputing: An innovative program for high school teachers

Within the realm of education, seldom does an innovative program become available with the potential to change an educator`s teaching methodology. Adventures in Supercomputing (AiS), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is such a program. It is a program for high school teachers that changes the teacher paradigm from a teacher-directed approach of teaching to a student-centered approach. {open_quotes}A student-centered classroom offers better opportunities for development of internal motivation, planning skills, goal setting and perseverance than does the traditional teacher-directed mode{close_quotes}. Not only is the process of teaching changed, but the cross-curricula integration within the AiS materials is remarkable. Written from a teacher`s perspective, this paper will describe the AiS program and its effects on teachers and students, primarily at Wartburg Central High School, in Wartburg, Tennessee. The AiS program in Tennessee is sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Oliver, C. Edward; Hicks, H. Richard; Summers, Barbara G. & Staten, David G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
AEM investigation of tetrahedrally coordinated Ti{sup 4+} in nickel-titanate spinel (open access)

AEM investigation of tetrahedrally coordinated Ti{sup 4+} in nickel-titanate spinel

Stoichiometry and site distribution of metastable nickel-titanate spinel was studied with AEM. Results of EDXS and EELS agree that the metastable spinel is nonstoichiometric and titanium-deficient relative to its hypothetical endmember composition, ``Ni{sub 2}TiO{sub 4}``. The titanium deficiency has been determined by EELS to be {Delta} = 0.025 {plus_minus} 0.005. Channeling-enhanced microanalysis and ELNES studies indicate that the Ti{sup 4+} and Ni{sup 2+} cations are in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination, respectively, so that the metastable spinel has the normal cation distribution: Ti{sub l-{Delta}}[Ni{sub 2(1+{Delta})}]O{sub 4}. This is consistent with neutron powder-diffraction studies and SiO{sub 2}-solubility measurements of similar equilibrated and quenched spinel-containing specimens. Metastable nickel-titanate spinel therefore contrasts with stable stoichiometric spinels which tend to the inverse cation distribution, Me[MeTi]O{sub 4}.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Anderson, I. M.; Bentley, J. & Carter, C. B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aging management of containment structures in nuclear power plants (open access)

Aging management of containment structures in nuclear power plants

Research is being conducted by ORNL under US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) sponsorship to address aging management of nuclear power plant containment and other safety-related structures. Documentation is being prepared to provide the USNRC with potential structural safety issues and acceptance criteria for use in continued service evaluations of nuclear power plants. Accomplishments include development of a Structural Materials Information Center containing data and information on the time variation of 144 material properties under the influence of pertinent environmental stressors or aging factors, evaluation of models for potential concrete containment degradation factors, development of a procedure to identify critical structures and degradation factors important to aging management, evaluations of nondestructive evaluation techniques. assessments of European and North American repair practices for concrete, review of parameters affecting corrosion of metals embedded in concrete, and development of methodologies for making current condition assessments and service life predictions of new or existing reinforced concrete structures in nuclear power plants.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Naus, D. J.; Oland, C. B.; Ellingwood, B. R.; Graves, H. L., III & Norris, W. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
All wind farm uncertainty is not the same: The economics of common versus independent causes (open access)

All wind farm uncertainty is not the same: The economics of common versus independent causes

There is uncertainty in the performance of wind energy installations due to unknowns in the local wind environment, machine response to the environment, and the durability of materials. Some of the unknowns are inherently independent from machine to machine while other uncertainties are common to the entire fleet equally. The FAROW computer software for fatigue and reliability of wind turbines is used to calculate the probability of component failure due to a combination of all sources of uncertainty. Although the total probability of component failure due to all effects is sometimes interpreted as the percentage of components likely to fail, this perception is often far from correct. Different amounts of common versus independent uncertainty are reflected in economic risk due to either high probabilities that a small percentage of the fleet will experience problems or low probabilities that the entire fleet will have problems. The average, or expected cost is the same as would be calculated by combining all sources of uncertainty, but the risk to the fleet may be quite different in nature. Present values of replacement costs are compared for two examples reflecting different stages in the design and development process. Results emphasize that an engineering effort to …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Veers, P.S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Almost Brothers transcript

The Almost Brothers

Audio recording of the The Almost Brothers album with Steven Fromholz, 1994.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Sound
System: The UNT Digital Library
Alternative catalyst and exhaust gas sensor work at Argonne National Laboratory (open access)

Alternative catalyst and exhaust gas sensor work at Argonne National Laboratory

Research programs at Argonne National Laboratory in the areas of automobile emissions monitoring and control are described. The mandate to improve automobile efficiency while reducing Pollution requires the development of new catalysts for exhaust emissions control that are capable of functioning efficiently under lean-burn engine operating conditions. It is also desirable that the use of expensive noble metal catalysts be avoided. NO{sub x} emissions will not be efficiently controlled by the current three-way, supported noble metal catalysts under lean-burn conditions. New catalysts are being sought that could effect the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO{sub x} by exhaust hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen. Molecular sieve zeolites of the ZSM-5 and ferrierite types, ion-exchanged with copper ions, are the best of the catalysts known to effect this chemistry, but the mechanism of the SCR is still not understood. In this project the authors will first undertake the investigation of the SCR of NO using model reactions to test postulated mechanistic pathways. Initial experiments have been devised to investigate the possible participation of metal alkyl complexes, metal oxime complexes, N-alkyl-N-nitroso-alkylaminato-metal complexes, and metal nitrile complexes in the zeolites. ANL will also develop microsensors, based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensing …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Iton, L. E.; Maroni, V. A.; Dieckman, S. L.; Sheen, S. H. & Raptis, A. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Alvin Sun-Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 42, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 31, 1994 (open access)

Alvin Sun-Advertiser (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 104, No. 42, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 31, 1994

Weekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Schwind, Jim & Mohon, Wendy
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Ambient-pressure silica aerogel films (open access)

Ambient-pressure silica aerogel films

Very highly porous (aerogel) silica films with refractive index in the range 1.006--1.05 (equivalent porosity 98.5--88%) were prepared by an ambient-pressure process. It was shown earlier using in situ ellipsometric imaging that the high porosity of these films was mainly attributable to the dilation or `springback` of the film during the final stage of drying. This finding was irrefutably reconfirmed by visually observing a `springback` of >500% using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Ellipsometry and ESEM also established the near cent per cent reversibility of aerogel film deformation during solvent intake and drying. Film thickness profile measurements (near the drying line) for the aerogel, xerogel and pure solvent cases are presented from imaging ellipsometry. The thickness of these films (crack-free) were controlled in the range 0.1-3.5 {mu}m independent of refractive index.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Prakash, Sai S.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey & Hurd, Alan J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
American Nuclear Society 1994 student conference eastern region (open access)

American Nuclear Society 1994 student conference eastern region

This report contains abstracts from the 1994 American Nuclear Society Student Conference. The areas covered by these abstracts are: fusion and plasma physics; nuclear chemistry; radiation detection; reactor physics; thermal hydraulics; and corrosion science and waste issues.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ames Laboratory site environmental report, Calendar year 1994 (open access)

Ames Laboratory site environmental report, Calendar year 1994

The Ames Laboratory conducts fundamental research in the physical, chemical, materials, and mathematical sciences and engineering which underlie energy generating, conversion, transmission and storage technologies, environmental improvement, and other technical areas essential to national needs. These efforts will be maintained so as to contribute to the achievement of the vision of DOE and, more specifically, to increase the general levels of knowledge and technical capabilities, to prepare engineering and physical sciences students for the future, both academia and industry, and to develop new technologies and practical applications from our basic scientific programs that will contribute to a strengthening of the US economy. The Laboratory approaches all its operations with the safety and health of all workers as a constant objective and with genuine concern for the environment. The Laboratory relies upon its strengths in materials synthesis and processing, materials reliability, chemical analysis, chemical sciences, photosynthesis, materials sciences, metallurgy, high-temperature superconductivity, and applied mathematical sciences to conduct the long term basic and intermediate range applied research needed to solve the complex problems encountered in energy production, and utilization as well as environmental restoration and waste management. Ames Laboratory will continue to maintain a very significant and highly beneficial pre-college math and …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Amorphization and the effect of implanted ions in SiC (open access)

Amorphization and the effect of implanted ions in SiC

The effects of implanted ion chemistry and displacement damage on the amorphization threshold dose of SiC were studied using cross-section transmission electron microscopy. Room temperature as well as 200 and 400 C irradiations were carried out with 3.6 MeV Fe, 1.8 MeV Cl, 1 MeV He or 0.56 MeV Si ions. The room temperature amorphization threshold dose in irradiated regions well separated from the implanted ions was found to range from 0.3 to 0.5 dpa for the four different ion species. The threshold dose for amorphization in the He, Si and Fe ion-implanted regions was also {approximately}0.3 to 0.5 dpa. On the other hand, the amorphization threshold in the Cl-implanted region was only about 0.1 dpa. The volume change associated with amorphization was {approximately}17%. No evidence for amorphization was obtained in specimens irradiated at 200 or 400 C. An understanding of the microstructural evolution of SiC under irradiation is critical to the application of these materials in fusion energy systems.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Snead, L. L. & Zinkle, S. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the implications of the USSR providing reprocessing and MOX fabrication services to other countries (open access)

Analysis of the implications of the USSR providing reprocessing and MOX fabrication services to other countries

This brief analysis, which is based on unclassified sources, seeks to identify what some of the implications would be if the Soviets started to move actively to try to provide reprocessing and MOX fabrication services to the US and other countries. While information on Soviet intentions is limited, it postulates that the Soviets would offer to reprocess spent LWR at competitive prices, fabricate the plutonium and reenrich the uranium, and sell these products back to the customer. Since it is not known whether they would insist on returning the waste from reprocessing or would be prepared to keep it, we comment briefly on what the implications of either of these actions might be.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the potential for new automotive uses of magnesium (open access)

Analysis of the potential for new automotive uses of magnesium

This paper describes the scope of a new project, just initiated, for the Lightweight Materials Program within the Office of Transportation Materials. The Center for Transportation Research and the Energy Technology Division at Argonne National Laboratory will assess the feasibility and technical potential of using magnesium and its alloys in place of steel or aluminum for automotive structural and sheet applications in order to enable more energy-efficient, lightweight passenger vehicles. The analysis will provide an information base to help guide magnesium research and development in the most promising directions.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Stodolsky, F.; Gaines, L.; Cuenca, R. & Wu, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
An analysis of the situation and current trends in the management of construction projects at Los Alamos National Laboratory (open access)

An analysis of the situation and current trends in the management of construction projects at Los Alamos National Laboratory

At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) there is a more to switch from reliance on rules to an expanded reliance on market forces, as evidenced by the facilities recharge program. This paper moves beyond the market/rule debate to argue that new approaches to project management are required. Managers at all levels in the LANL face contending demands as they are caught between immediate concerns and long term consequences, keeping track of the big picture and looking after the details. Management techniques appropriate for simple certain projects will be of limited value on complex uncertain projects built on tight schedules--no matter how market and rules are balanced in the larger organization. Thus the degree of complexity, uncertainty, and duration, should shape the choice of project management approaches. Single dimension simple buzz word solutions will do little good and may cause harm. This report reviews current situation and efforts underway to improve performance are reviewed. These efforts are shown to be useful but incomplete as significant improvement will both require altering and expanding how managers and the management system respond to contending demands.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Howell, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytical laboratory and mobile sampling platform. Progress report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994 (open access)

Analytical laboratory and mobile sampling platform. Progress report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994

This paper is a quarterly report describing the use of a new soil gas collection device which allows the collection of soil gas in the field for later analysis in the laboratory. It describes the installation of this sampling device and the procedure for setting the probe, extraction of soil gas beneath the surface, and sealing of the soil gas for transport. The sites used for initial testing was the top of Yucca Mountain and Crystal Spring in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. The results from this initial test showed no volatile matter present in the soil at these locations.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Stetzenbach, K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An analytical method of predicting Lee-Kesler-Ploecker binary interaction coefficients: Part 1, For non-polar hydrocarbon mixtures (open access)

An analytical method of predicting Lee-Kesler-Ploecker binary interaction coefficients: Part 1, For non-polar hydrocarbon mixtures

An analytical method is proposed for finding numerical values of binary interaction coefficients for non-polar hydrocarbon mixtures when the Lee-Kesler (LK) equation of state is applied. The method is based on solving simultaneous equations, which are Ploecker`s mixing rules for pseudocritical parameters of a mixture, and the Lee-Kesler equation for the saturation line. For a hydrocarbon mixture, the method allows prediction of {kappa}{sub ij} interaction coefficients (ICs) which are close to values obtained by processing experimental p-v-t data on the saturation line and subsequent averaging. For mixtures of hydrocarbon molecules containing from 2 to 9 carbon atoms, the divergence between calculated and experimentally based ICs is no more than {plus_minus}0.4%. The possibility of extending application of this method to other non-polar substances is discussed.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Sand, J.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analyzing organic sulfur in coal/char: Integrated mild degradation/XANES methods. Final technical report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1994 (open access)

Analyzing organic sulfur in coal/char: Integrated mild degradation/XANES methods. Final technical report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1994

The overall goal of this study is to improve the understanding of sulfur in coals/chars via the use of combined advanced nondestructive and advanced destructive methods of sulfur analysis. This study combines selective oxidation, analytical pyrolysis, and sulfur X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy (XANES) analysis. Samples with a wide variety of sulfur contents, (0.63%--4.40%) have been prepared for use in this study. This includes steam gasification chars, oxidized coals and desulfurized coals as well of the original unaltered coals. Mild pyrolysis and XANES data shows that the sulfur chemistry of gasification chars is significantly different from that of the original coals. Mild pyrolysis of the samples that were oxidized with peroxyacetic acid showed that the level of simple thiophene structures observed in the pyrolysis products declines with increasing levels of oxidation. Sulfur XANES spectra of treated samples showed various effects depending on the treatment severity. The XANES spectra of less severely treated samples were similar, although not identical, to the untreated coal spectra. XANES of gasification chars indicated conversion of pyrite to pyrrhotite, removal of organic sulfide sulfur and dissolution of soluble inorganic sulfur species during gasification. Mild oxidation with peroxyacetic acid results in preferential oxidation of sulfide forms …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Palmer, S. R. & Huffman, G. P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual report on paleoclimate studies for the Yucca Mountain project site characterization conducted by the Desert Research Institute (open access)

Annual report on paleoclimate studies for the Yucca Mountain project site characterization conducted by the Desert Research Institute

The prospect that Yucca Mountain may become a repository for high-level radionuclides with especially long half-lives means that the intended waste containment area must be well beyond the reach of the hydrologic system for at least ten millennia. Through the integration of several avenues of paleoclimatic proxy data, the authors intend to arrive at definite conclusions regarding rates of change, and extremes and stabilities of past climate regimes. These will in turn lead to rough estimates of: the amounts of rainfall available for recharge during past periods of effectively wetter climate, and the durations and frequencies of recharge periods. The paper gives summaries of the following studies: Late Quaternary and Holocene climate derived from vegetation history and plant cellulose stable isotope records from the Great basin of western North America; Accomplishments of paleofaunal studies, 1993--1994; Geomorphology studies in the Great Basin; Alluvial fan response to climatic change, Buena Vista Valley, central Nevada; Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and chronology of lacustrine deposition in the Fernley Basin, west-central Nevada; Tree-rings, lake chronologies, alluvial sequences and climate--Implications for Great Basin paleoenvironmental studies; Stable isotopic validation studies--Fossil snails; and Late Pleistocene and Holocene eolian activity in the Mojave Desert.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual site environmental report for calendar year 1994 (open access)

Annual site environmental report for calendar year 1994

The Western Area Power Administration (Western) has established a formal environmental protection, auditing, monitoring, and planning program that has been in effect since 1978. The significant environmental projects and issues Western was involved with in 1994 are discussed in this annual site environmental report. It is written to show the nature and effectiveness of the environmental protection program. The Department of Energy order 5400.1, Chapter II.4, requires the preparation of an annual site environmental report. Because Western has facilities located in 15 states, this report addresses the environmental activities in all the facilities as one ``site.``
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library