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3-D subsurface modeling within the framework of an environmental restoration information system: Prototype results using earthvision (open access)

3-D subsurface modeling within the framework of an environmental restoration information system: Prototype results using earthvision

As a result of the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation (DOE-ORR) placement on the EPA Superfund National Priorities List in December of 1989, all remedial activities, including characterization, remedial alternatives selection, and implementation of remedial measures, must meet the combined requirements of RCRA, CERCLA, and NEPA. The Environmental Restoration Program, therefore, was established with the mission of eliminating or reducing to prescribed safe levels the risks to the environment or to human health and safety posed by inactive and surplus DOE-ORR managed sites and facilities that have been contaminated by radioactive and surplus DOE-ORR managed sites and facilities that have been contaminated by radioactive, hazardous, or mixed wastes. In accordance with an established Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA), waste sites and facilities across the DOE-ORR have been inventoried, prioritized, and are being systematically investigated and remediated under the direction of Environmental Restoration. EarthVision, a product of Dynamic Graphics, Inc., that provides three-dimensional (3-D) modeling and visualization, was exercised within the framework of an environmental restoration (ER) decision support system. The goal of the prototype was to investigate framework integration issues including compatibility and value to decision making. This paper describes the ER program, study site, and information system framework; selected EarthVision results …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Goeltz, R. T. & Zondlo, T. F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
8. annual national conference of black physics students -- A summary report (open access)

8. annual national conference of black physics students -- A summary report

The primary goals of the conference were to: (1) Develop a peer/mentor network within the African-American physics community; (2) Inform African-American students in physics of the various academic and professional opportunities; and (3) Bring important academic, economic and political issues and developments in the field to the attention of the students. The conference program was designed to fulfill these goals and optimize the students` exposure to physics as a professional and its real-life applications in both industry and academia.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Valk, H.S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
59. Cold Spring Harbor symposium on quantitative biology: Molecular genetics of cancer (open access)

59. Cold Spring Harbor symposium on quantitative biology: Molecular genetics of cancer

Investigation of the mechanistic aspects of cancer has its roots in the studies on tumor viruses and their effects on cell proliferation, function, and growth. This outstanding progress was well documented in previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. In the early to mid 1980s, progress on the development of chromosome mapping strategies and the accumulation of DNA probes that identified polymorphisms, encouraged by the international Human Genome Project, enabled the identification of other genes that contributed to familial inheritance of high susceptibility to specific cancers. This approach was very successful and led to a degree of optimism that one aspect of cancer, the multistep genetic process from early neoplasia to metastatic tumors, was beginning to be understood. It therefore seemed appropriate that the 59th Symposium on Quantitative Biology focus attention on the Molecular Genetics of Cancer. The concept was to combine the exciting progress on the identification of new genetic alterations in human tumor cells with studies on the function of the cancer gene products and how they go awry in tumor cells.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1994 Annual Conference Program: CIEE (open access)

1994 Annual Conference Program: CIEE

CIEE`s research has two primary goals. The first is to identify, develop, and demonstrate efficient end-use energy technologies and processes. The second is to improve the data and analytical tools related to the end use of energy. This document consists of papers presented on the topics of residential cooling systems, energy efficiency in commercial buildings, emissions from gas combustion systems, HVAC distribution systems, alternative transportation systems, and emission reduction strategies.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1994 DOE Technical Standards Program Workshop: Proceedings (open access)

1994 DOE Technical Standards Program Workshop: Proceedings

The DOE Technical Standards Program has been structured to provide guidance and assistance for the development, adoption, and use of voluntary standards within the Department. OMB Circular A-119, ``Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Standards`` establishes the policy to be followed in working with voluntary standards bodies, and in adopting and using voluntary standards whenever feasible. The DOE Technical Standards Program is consistent with this policy and is dedicated to the task of promoting its implementation. The theme of this year`s workshop is ``Standards Initiatives in Environmental Management fostering the development and use of industry standards for safe, environmentally responsible operations.`` The objective of the workshop is to increase the participant`s awareness of the standardization activities taking place nationally and internationally and the impact of these activities on their efforts, and to facilitate the exchange of experiences, processes, and tools for implementing the program. Workshop sessions will include presentations by industry and Government notables in the environment, safety, and health arena with ample opportunity for everyone to ask questions and share experiences. There will be a breakout session which will concentrate on resolution of issues arising from the implementation of the DOE Technical Standards Program and a …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Spellman, D. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1994 New England Regional Science Bowl [held at] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 26, 1994 (open access)

1994 New England Regional Science Bowl [held at] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 26, 1994

This report deals with the 1994 New England Regional Science Bowl, being held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of oral and poster sessions (open access)

Abstracts of oral and poster sessions

The climate model of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS GCM) has been used to project the influence of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases on the future global climate. New parameterizations for the GISS GCM are being developed to improve its depiction of current climate scenarios and to make it more sensitive to the variability of external forcing mechanisms such as sea-surface temperatures (SST), atmospheric aerosols and constituent trace gases. The new moist convection scheme makes cumulus fluxes proportional to vertical thermal instability and computes convective-scale downdrafts whose effect is to prevent excessive drying of the boundary layer by compensating subsidence. The physically-based ground hydrology component improves the land surface sensible and latent heat calculations by explicitly considering transpiration, evaporation from intercepted precipitation, evaporation from bare soil, infiltration, soil water flow and runoff. The revised planetary boundary layer uses a more valid physical model than previously to obtain more realistic near-surface winds and energy budgets. Preliminary results with newer versions of the GCM include a better seasonal migration of the ITCZ and more realistic tropical winds. One of our approaches to model validation is the evaluation of runs forced by globally observed sea-surface temperatures. The presentation will show how …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Druyan, L. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator-based systems for plutonium destruction and nuclear waste transmutation (open access)

Accelerator-based systems for plutonium destruction and nuclear waste transmutation

Accelerator-base systems are described that can eliminate long-lived nuclear materials. The impact of these systems on global issues relating to plutonium minimization and nuclear waste disposal can be significant. An overview of the components that comprise these systems is given, along with discussion of technology development status and needs. A technology development plan is presented with emphasis on first steps that would demonstrate technical performance.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Arthur, E. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator developments since the ZGS by ZGS people (open access)

Accelerator developments since the ZGS by ZGS people

The ZGS was a facility, as well as an organization, where people got together to pursue a common goal of doing exciting science of the day. In this note, the authors describe notable events related to accelerators and accelerator people since the closing of the ZGS program some 15 years ago. Many of the same ZGS people have been carrying out the state-of-the art accelerator work around the Laboratory with the same dedication that characterized their work in the earlier days. First the authors describe how the activities were re-organized after the closing of the ZGS, the migration of people, and the organizational evolution since that time. Doing this shows the similarity between the birth of the ZGS and the birth of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Then, some of the accelerator work by the former ZGS people are described. These include: (1) Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), (2) GeV Electron Microtron (GEM), (3) Wake Field Accelerator Test Facility, (4) Advanced Photon Source, and (5) IPNS Upgrade.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Cho, Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Research Studies. Final Report, June 1, 1991--May 31, 1994 (open access)

Accelerator Research Studies. Final Report, June 1, 1991--May 31, 1994

The Accelerator Research Studies program at the University of Maryland, sponsored by the Department of Energy is currently in the third year of its three-year funding cycle. The program consists of the following three tasks: Task A -- Study of the transport and longitudinal compression of intense, high-brightness beams; Task B -- Study of high-brightness beam generation in pseudospark devices; Task C -- Study of a gyroklystron high-power microwave source for linear colliders. The research for each task is detailed in this report.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance criteria for interim dry storage of aluminum-clad fuels (open access)

Acceptance criteria for interim dry storage of aluminum-clad fuels

Direct repository disposal of foreign and domestic research reactor fuels owned by the United States Department of Energy is an alternative to reprocessing (together with vitrification of the high level waste and storage in an engineered barrier) for ultimate disposition. Neither the storage systems nor the requirements and specifications for acceptable forms for direct repository disposal have been developed; therefore, an interim storage strategy is needed to safely store these fuels. Dry storage (within identified limits) of the fuels received from wet-basin storage would avoid excessive degradation to assure post-storage handleability, a full range of ultimate disposal options, criticality safety, and provide for maintaining confinement by the fuel/clad system. Dry storage requirements and technologies for US commercial fuels, specifically zircaloy-clad fuels under inert cover gas, are well established. Dry storage requirements and technologies for a system with a design life of 40 years for dry storage of aluminum-clad foreign and domestic research reactor fuels are being developed by various groups within programs sponsored by the DOE.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Sindelar, R. L.; Peacock, H. B. Jr.; Iyer, N. C. & Louthan, M. R. Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Achieving increased spent fuel storage capacity at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) (open access)

Achieving increased spent fuel storage capacity at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)

The HFIR facility was originally designed to store approximately 25 spent cores, sufficient to allow for operational contingencies and for cooling prior to off-site shipment for reprocessing. The original capacity has now been increased to 60 positions, of which 53 are currently filled (September 1994). Additional spent cores are produced at a rate of about 10 or 11 per year. Continued HFIR operation, therefore, depends on a significant near-term expansion of the pool storage capacity, as well as on a future capability of reprocessing or other storage alternatives once the practical capacity of the pool is reached. To store the much larger inventory of spent fuel that may remain on-site under various future scenarios, the pool capacity is being increased in a phased manner through installation of a new multi-tier spent fuel rack design for higher density storage. A total of 143 positions was used for this paper as the maximum practical pool capacity without impacting operations; however, greater ultimate capacities were addressed in the supporting analyses and approval documents. This paper addresses issues related to the pool storage expansion including (1) seismic effects on the three-tier storage arrays, (2) thermal performance of the new arrays, (3) spent fuel cladding …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Cook, D. H.; Chang, S. J.; Dabs, R. D.; Freels, J. D.; Morgan, K. A.; Rothrock, R. B. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acoustically enhanced remediation of contaminated soil and ground water (open access)

Acoustically enhanced remediation of contaminated soil and ground water

This program systematically evaluates the use of acoustic excitation fields (AEFs) to increase fluid and contaminant extraction rates from a wide range of unconsolidated soils. Successful completion of this program will result in a commercially-viable, advanced in-situ remediation technology that will significantly reduce clean-up times and costs. This technology should have wide applicability since it is envisioned to augment existing remediation technologies, such as traditional pump and treat and soil vapor extraction, not replace them. The overall program has three phases: Phase 1--laboratory scale parametric investigation; Phase 2--technology scaling study; Phase 3--field demonstration. Phase 1 of the program, corresponding to this period of performance, has as its primary objectives to provide a laboratory-scale proof of concept, and to fully characterize the effects of AEFs on fluid and contaminant extraction rates in a wide variety of soil types. The laboratory measurements of the soil transport properties and process parameters will be used in a computer model of the enhanced remediation process. A Technology Merit and Trade Study will complete Phase 1.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Iovenitti, J.L.; Rynne, T.M. & Spencer, J.W. Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Activities of HPS standards committee in environmental remediation (open access)

Activities of HPS standards committee in environmental remediation

The Health Physics Society (HPS) develops American National Standards in the area of radiation protection using methods approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Two of its sections, Environmental Health Physics and Contamination Limits, have ongoing standards development which are important to some environmental remediation efforts. This paper describes the role of the HPS standards process and indicates particular standards under development which will be of interest to the reader. In addition, the authors solicit readers to participate in the voluntary standards process by either joining active working groups (WG) or suggesting appropriate and relevant topics which should be placed into the standards process.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Stencel, J. R. & Chen, S. Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adiabatic theory of Wannier threshold laws and ionization cross sections (open access)

Adiabatic theory of Wannier threshold laws and ionization cross sections

The Wannier threshold law for three-particle fragmentation is reviewed. By integrating the Schroedinger equation along a path where the reaction coordinate R is complex, anharmonic corrections to the simple power law are obtained. These corrections are found to be non-analytic in the energy E, in contrast to the expected analytic dependence upon E.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Macek, J.H. & Ovchinnikov, S.Yu.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced characterization of forms of chlorine, organic sulfur, and trace elements in available coals from operating Illinois mines. [Quarterly] technical report, September 1--November 30, 1994 (open access)

Advanced characterization of forms of chlorine, organic sulfur, and trace elements in available coals from operating Illinois mines. [Quarterly] technical report, September 1--November 30, 1994

A set of 34 as-shipped coal samples from operating Illinois mines is available for this study to determine the forms of chlorine and sulfur and leachability of chlorine during wet grinding and froth flotation. The forms of chlorine may be inorganic, ionic, and organic. The forms of organic sulfur will include organic sulfide and thiophenic sulfur. Chlorine can be leached from coal during wet grinding. The potential for removal of chlorine from the samples during fine ({minus}200 mesh) and ultrafine ({minus}400 mesh) wet-grinding and during froth flotation designed primarily for removal of pyrite and ash will be determined. In addition, the organic/inorganic affinities of trace elements in as-shipped Illinois coals will be assessed so that the current physical coal cleaning results may be better interpreted.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Chou, M.I.M.; Demir, I. & Ruch, J.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced coal liquefaction: Quarterly report, final, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994 (open access)

Advanced coal liquefaction: Quarterly report, final, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994

A carbon-coated membrane has been identified as an alternative to overcome the degradation of the solvent, tetralin, which resulted in plugging the porous structure of the membrane. In this quarter, the authors have established a carbon coating facility and performed a coating study. This quarterly report summarizes the results, describing the facility assembly, the operating conditions for carbon coating, and characterization before and after coating. Membranes are to be used for the upgrading study.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced computational methods for nodal diffusion, Monte Carlo, and S{sub n} problems. Final Report (open access)

Advanced computational methods for nodal diffusion, Monte Carlo, and S{sub n} problems. Final Report

The work addresses basic computational difficulties that arise in the numerical simulation of neutral particle radiation transport: discretized radiation transport problems, iterative methods, selection of parameters, and extension of current algorithms.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced computational research in materials processing for design and manufacturing (open access)

Advanced computational research in materials processing for design and manufacturing

The computational requirements for design and manufacture of automotive components have seen dramatic increases for producing automobiles with three times the mileage. Automotive component design systems are becoming increasingly reliant on structural analysis requiring both overall larger analysis and more complex analyses, more three-dimensional analyses, larger model sizes, and routine consideration of transient and non-linear effects. Such analyses must be performed rapidly to minimize delays in the design and development process, which drives the need for parallel computing. This paper briefly describes advanced computational research in superplastic forming and automotive crash worthiness.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Zacharia, T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced electrorefiner design (open access)

Advanced electrorefiner design

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for electrochemically refining spent nuclear fuel from a nuclear reactor and recovering purified uranium and a mixture of uranium and plutonium for use as fresh blanket and core fuel in a nuclear reactor. A combination anode and cathode is described for an electrorefiner which includes a hollow cathode and an anode positioned inside the hollow cathode such that a portion of the anode is near the cathode. A retaining member is positioned at the bottom of the cathode. Mechanism is included for providing relative movement between the anode and the cathode during deposition of metal on the inside surface of the cathode during operation of the electrorefiner to refine spent nuclear fuel. A method is also disclosed which includes electrical power means selectively connectable to the anode and the hollow cathode for providing electrical power to the cell components, electrically transferring uranium values and plutonium values from the anode to the electrolyte, and electrolytically depositing substantially pure uranium on the hollow cathode. Uranium and plutonium are deposited at a liquid cathode together after the PuCl{sub 3} to UCl{sub 3} ratio is greater than 2:1. Slots in the hollow cathode provides close anode …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Miller, W. E.; Gay, E. C. & Tomczuk, Z.
Object Type: Patent
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced liquefaction using coal swelling and catalyst dispersion techniques. Volume 1, Final technical report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994 (open access)

Advanced liquefaction using coal swelling and catalyst dispersion techniques. Volume 1, Final technical report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994

The overall objective of this project was to develop a new approach for the direct liquefaction of coal to produce an all-distillate product slate at a sizable cost reduction over current technology. The approach integrated coal selection, pretreatment, coal swelling with catalyst impregnation, liquefaction, product recovery with characterization, alternate bottoms processing, and a technical assessment including an economic evaluation. Heterofunctional solvents were the most effective in swelling coals. Also solvent blends such as isopropanol/water were more effective than pure solvents alone. Impregnating slurry catalysts simultaneously during coal swelling showed that better uptake was achieved with nonswelling solvent and higher impregnation temperature. Some enhancement in initial coal conversion was seen liquefying SO{sub 2}-treated Black Thunder coal with slurry catalysts, and also when hydrogen donor liquefaction solvents were used. Noncatalytic reactions showed no benefit from SO{sub 2} treatment. Coupling coal swelling and SO{sub 2} treatment with slurry catalysts was also not beneficial, although high conversion was seen with continuous operation and long residence time, however, similar high conversion was observed with untreated coal. SO{sub 2} treatment is not economically attractive unless it provides about 17% increase in coal reactivity. In most cases, the best results were obtained when the coal was untreated …
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Curtis, C.W.; Gutterman, C. & Chander, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced manufacturing by spray forming: Aluminum strip and microelectromechanical systems (open access)

Advanced manufacturing by spray forming: Aluminum strip and microelectromechanical systems

Spray forming is an advanced materials processing technology that converts a bulk liquid metal to a near-net-shape solid by depositing atomized droplets onto a suitably shaped substrate. By combining rapid solidification processing with product shape control, spray forming can reduce manufacturing costs while improving product quality. INEL is developing a unique spray-forming method based on de Laval (converging/diverging) nozzle designs to produce near-net-shape solids and coatings of metals, polymers, and composite materials. Properties of the spray-formed material are tailored by controlling the characteristics of the spray plume and substrate. Two examples are described: high-volume production of aluminum alloy strip, and the replication of micron-scale features in micropatterned polymers during the production of microelectromechanical systems.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: McHugh, K.M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Neutron Source Enrichment Study (open access)

Advanced Neutron Source Enrichment Study

A study has been performed of the impact on performance of using low enriched uranium (20% {sup 235}U) or medium enriched uranium (35% {sup 235}U) as an alternative fuel for the Advanced Neutron Source, which is currently designed to use uranium enriched to 93% {sup 235}U. Higher fuel densities and larger volume cores were evaluated at the lower enrichments in terms of impact on neutron flux, safety, safeguards, technical feasibility, and cost. The feasibility of fabricating uranium silicide fuel at increasing material density was specifically addressed by a panel of international experts on research reactor fuels. The most viable alternative designs for the reactor at lower enrichments were identified and discussed. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to gain an understanding of the performance of the reactor at parametric values of power, fuel density, core volume, and enrichment that were interpolations between the boundary values imposed on the study or extrapolations from known technology.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Bari, R. A.; Ludewig, H. & Weeks, J. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Neutron Source enrichment study -- Volume 1: Main report. Final report, Revision 12/94 (open access)

Advanced Neutron Source enrichment study -- Volume 1: Main report. Final report, Revision 12/94

A study has been performed of the impact on performance of using low enriched uranium (20% {sup 235}U) or medium enriched uranium (35% {sup 235}U) as an alternative fuel for the Advanced Neutron Source, which is currently designed to use uranium enriched to 93% {sup 235}U. Higher fuel densities and larger volume cores were evaluated at the lower enrichments in terms of impact on neutron flux, safety, safeguards, technical feasibility, and cost. The feasibility of fabricating uranium silicide fuel at increasing material density was specifically addressed by a panel of international experts on research reactor fuels. The most viable alternative designs for the reactor at lower enrichments were identified and discussed. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to gain an understanding of the performance of the reactor at parametric values of power, fuel density, core volume, and enrichment that were interpolations between the boundary values imposed on the study or extrapolations from known technology. Volume 2 of this report contains 26 appendices containing results, meeting minutes, and fuel panel presentations.
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Bari, R. A.; Ludewig, H. & Weeks, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library