In the framework of relativistic nuclear field theory the authors discuss and compare the different approaches in the treatment of nuclear-many-problem with inclusion of two-body correlations. The equations are solved self-consistently in the full Dirac space, so avoiding the ambiguities in the choice of the effective scattering amplitude. The results are compared with the standard method, where one only determines the scattering amplitude for positive energy spinors. Furthermore they tested the assumption of momentum independent self-energy. The results for asymmetric matter are in the structure similar to the outcome of the relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation, but differ from the nonrelativistic treatment. The agreement with the empirical values is quite satisfactory.

Application of Lower Hybrid (LH) Current Drive (CD) in the DIII-D tokamak has been studied at LLNL, off and on, for several years. The latest effort began in February 1992 in response to a letter from ASDEX indicating that the 2.45 GHz, 3 MW system there was available to be used on another device. An initial assessment of the possible uses for such a system on DIII-D was made and documented in September 1992. Multiple meetings with GA personnel and members of the LH community nationwide have occurred since that time. The work continued through the submission of the 1995 Field Work Proposals in March 1993 and was then put on hold due to budget limitations. The purpose of this document is to record the status of the work in such a way that it could fairly easily be restarted at a future date. This document will take the form of a collection of Appendices giving both background and the latest results from the FY 1993 work, connected by brief descriptive text. Section 2 will describe the final workshop on LHCD in DIII-D held at GA in February 1993. This was an open meeting with attendees from GA, LLNL, MIT …

Oxygen doped La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}}, due to the unusually large mobility of the oxygen ions at high temperatures, is the only cuprate which has macroscopic phase separation of doped holes. We discuss our studies of La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}}, including phase separation, distributed local structure whose onset coincides with-phase separation and the observation that in the presence of doped holes two distinct copper sites copper sites are generated, an observation which contrasts with results of diffraction studies. The superconducting transition temperature Tc in this material changes by over 10% in response to altered cooling history. Below a temperature T{sub f}, the situation becomes similar to other cuprates since oxygen is no longer sufficiently mobile to allow further macroscopic phase separation. In this regime the magnetic behavior of metallic La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}} is conventional in context of cuprates. However {sup 139}La NMR spectroscopy has shown the local structure of the La-O layer to be very sensitive to the presence of doped holes and to be strongly temperature dependent in this same regime. This sensitivity is evident in the CuO{sub 2} planes where, in the presence of doped holes a second, distinct copper site is present. This provides an opportunity to explore the …

Public Service Company of Colorado is continuing management of the Integrated Dry NO{sub x}/SO{sub 2} Emissions Control System. The major emphasis this quarter has been on completion of the remaining construction of the system and startup and checkout of the equipment. The low-NO{sub x} burners have operated since their startup on May 30, 1992 without problem and no unit outages have been experienced due to their operation. All combustion system punch list items have been complete and plant management is very happy with the operation of the new system. Phase 3 operations began on August 3, 1992 with the initiation of testing of the combustion modifications. Preliminary results indicate that the modifications have been very effective and NO{sub x} emissions have been reduced by nearly 70% to approximately 0.4 lb/MMBtu. These reductions were possible while not negatively affecting fly ash unburned carbon or carbon monoxide emissions. Testing of the burner system will continue through October 1992. Construction of the dry sorbent injection system is now complete and the equipment is ready for operation. A few punchlist items remain but these will not affect system operations. All equipment has been operated dry without injecting reagent. A shipment of reagent will be …

Figures 3, 4, and 5 display images of two adjacent particles chosen for analysis with characteristic dimensions of 50--100 {mu}m Figure 3 shows that there is essentially no change up to 395{degrees}C over an 18 min period, but at that point the particle labeled a begins to shrink. The action continues in Figure 4 where the particle contracts to about half its initial size over a 45 sec period as the temperature, increases from 424{degrees}C to 430{degrees}C, at which point the contraction stops. The size profile for a is presented in Figure 6 and compares very well with the profile generated in an earlier experiment from our last report. As just noted, this agreement suggests that this behavior is representative of at least one class of particle in the sample. Figure 5 shows that there is a second, higher temperature range of activity, represented by the changes in particle b. This particle contracts to about half its size from 450{degrees} to 460{degrees}C over 1 min. The temperature was held at 460{degrees} and there appears to be an additional 7--10% contraction over 10 min at that temperature, although the scatter seen in Figure 6 shows that change is not outside our …

The authors are testing an enhanced version of the Choppertron, a high-power rf generator which shows great promise of achieving greater than 400 MW of output power at 11.4 GHz with stable phase and amplitude. This version of the Choppertron is driven by a 5-MeV, 1-kA induction accelerator beam. Modifications to the original Choppertron included aggressive suppression of high order modes in the two output structures, lengthening of the modulation section to match for higher beam energy, and improved efficiency. Final results of the original Choppertron experiment, status of the ongoing experiment and planned experiments for the next year are presented. The motivation of the research program at the LLNL Microwave Source Facility is to develop microwave sources which could be suitable drivers for a future TeV linear e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} collider.

The GEM detector magnet, a horizontal solenoid 19.5 m in diameter and wound with a niobium-titanium cable in conduit, will be located with it`s axis 19.5 m below grade. The conductor is wound on the inside of an aluminum bobbin which is cooled by liquid helium which flows by natural convection in a thermosyphon loop from a large storage dewar located at the ground surface. The function of the thermosyphon system is to absorb the environmental heat load as well as any internally generated heat. In the first category is included that heat which is transfered to the magnet by way of the mechanical supports, the insulation and the current leads. The internally generated heat includes the resistive heating within the normally conducting conductor splices and the inductive heating of the bobbin during current transients. Though similar systems have been employed elsewhere, there are some unique aspects to the present design. By taking advantage of the large vertical head available, the parallel heat exchanger passes within the magnet remain sub-cooled, thus insuring single phase coolant within the magnet. It is believed that this will be the first instance of such a large vertical head being used to this advantage in …

This report documents discussions held during a workshop an Urban Perspective of Acid Rain. The workshop was sponsored by the Office of the Director, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). NAPAP anticipates giving increased emphasis to the benefits in urban areas of emissions reductions. The goal of this informal, exploratory workshop was to serve as a first step towards identifying pollutant monitoring, and research and assessment needs to help answer, from an urban perspective, the two key questions posed to NAPAP by Congress: (1) what are the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of the acid rain control program, and (2) what reductions in deposition, rates are needed in order to prevent adverse effects? The workshop addressed research activities needed to respond to these questions. The discussions focused. sequentially, on data needs, data and model availability, and data and modeling gaps. The discussions concentrated on four areas of effects: human health, materials, urban forests, and visibility.

This report documents the procedures used to convert archaeological data for the INEL to digital format, lists the equipment used, and explains the verification and validation steps taken to check data entry. It also details the production of an engineered interface between ARC/INFO and Oracle.

The 200 West Area Carbon Tetrachloride Expedited Response Action (ERA) is being conducted by the US Department of Energy (DOE) at the direction of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Washington Department of Ecology as a provision of both the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Integrated Demonstration for Cleanup of Volatile Organic Compounds at Arid Sites (VOC-Arid ID). The ERA allows expedited response to be taken at waste sites where damage to the environment can be significantly reduced by early action to locate, identify the extent, and remediate imminent hazards. The ERA is focusing specifically on the removal of carbon tetrachloride vapor from the soil column and protection of the groundwater in the 200 West Area. The VOC-Arid ID program allows demonstration of new drilling technologies for environmental characterization monitoring and remediation. Soil vapor vacuum extraction has been proposed to remediate the site. This may require vapor extraction wells to be installed within the plume.

A large, 3200-kg (7000-lb) gamma-ray spectrometer was designed to move in a 1500 arc with an arc accuracy of 0.50, and to move radially over a distance of 650 mm (25 in.). The entire structure is aluminum rather than steel because of the high neutron background. The two-layer support accommodates rapid, accurate positioning of the spectrometer in both the rotational and radial directions within 0.1 mm (0.004 in.). All movements and positioning are computer-controlled. The centerline deviation over the entire surface is 0.25 mm (0.0100 in.). The bottom layer, called the table, permits arc motion. The table is a baseplate consisting of two 3.6-m {times} 1.2-m (12-ft {times} 4-ft) cast-aluminum jig plates. The top layer, called the sled, is an aluminum plate 2.12-m {times} 1.22-m (83.38-in. {times} 48-in.) wide, which provides for radial motion. Due to the large mass of the spectrometer and the accurate positioning required, air pads are used to facilitate movement. Hydraulic brakes are applied when the detector is in its rest position to comply with the seismic requirements of the installation.

Work to develop a highly selective methyl chloride synthesis catalyst continued, but no stable catalyst with >80% selectivity at 20% methane exists yet. Effort was made on finalizing the pre- engineering scope definition of the Process Demonstration Unit. Natural gas purification, reactor, reactor effluent and MeCl purification, and anhydrous HCl recovery are discussed.

The Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS), the Geological Information Systems department, and the School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering at the University of Oklahoma have engaged in a program to identify and address Oklahoma`s oil recovery opportunities in fluvial-dominated deltaic (FDD) reservoirs. This program includes the systematic and comprehensive collection and evaluation of information on all of Oklahoma`s FDD reservoirs and the recovery technologies that have been (or could be) applied to those reservoirs with commercial success. This data collection and evaluation effort will be the foundation for an aggressive, multifaceted technology transfer program that is designed to support all of Oklahoma`s oil industry, with particular emphasis on smaller companies and independent operators in their attempts to maximize the economic producibility of FDD reservoirs. Specifically, this project will identify all FDD oil reservoirs in the State; group those reservoirs into plays that have similar depositional and subsequent geologic histories; collect, organize and analyze all available data; conduct characterization and simulation studies on selected reservoirs in each play; and implement a technology transfer program targeted to the operators of FDD reservoirs to sustain the life expectancy of existing wells with the ultimate objective of increasing oil recovery.

Data presented in the PSM describe the supply and disposition of petroleum products in the United States and major US geographic regions. The data series describe production, imports and exports, inter-Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) District movements, and inventories by the primary suppliers of petroleum products in the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia). The reporting universe includes those petroleum sectors in primary supply. Included are: petroleum refiners, motor gasoline blenders, operators of natural gas processing plants and fractionators, inter-PAD transporters, importers, and major inventory holders of petroleum products and crude oil. When aggregated, the data reported by these sectors approximately represent the consumption of petroleum products in the United States. Data presented in the PSM are divided into two sections: Summary Statistics and Detailed Statistics.

The Environmental Protection Department/Environmental Monitoring Section (EPD/EMS) administers the Savannah River Site`s (SRS) Groundwater Monitoring Program. During third quarter 1992, EPD/EMS conducted extensive sampling of monitoring wells. Table 1 lists those well series with constituents in the groundwater above Flag 2 during third quarter 1992, organized by location. Results from all laboratory analyses are used to generate this table. Specific conductance and pH data from the field also are included in this table.

Efficient algorithms are presented for coordinated movement of semi-automated, computer-generated forces in a command hierarchy. At each level in the hierarchy, units move toward a goal, selected at a higher level, along paths which combine maintenance of a desired formation with minimization of a penalty integral -- some weighted combination of factors such as time, fuel, exposure, attrition, etc. Topics considered are the representation of terrain as a convex polygonal mesh, generalization of the A* pathfinding algorithm to a 2-D surface, fields of extremal paths, flexible formation templates, and synchronization and adaptive replanning.

This report summarizes the activities and progress by ICF Kaiser Engineers conducted on behalf of Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) for the US Department of Energy, Office of Waste Management (EM-33) in the area of improving methods for Cost Estimation. This work was conducted between October 1, 1992 and September 30, 1993. ICF Kaiser Engineers supported LANL in providing the Office of Waste Management with planning and document preparation services for a Cost and Schedule Estimating Guide (Guide). The intent of the Guide was to use Activity-Based Cost (ABC) estimation as a basic method in preparing cost estimates for DOE planning and budgeting documents, including Activity Data Sheets (ADSs), which form the basis for the Five Year Plan document. Prior to the initiation of the present contract with LANL, ICF Kaiser Engineers was tasked to initiate planning efforts directed toward a Guide. This work, accomplished from June to September, 1992, included visits to eight DOE field offices and consultation with DOE Headquarters staff to determine the need for a Guide, the desired contents of a Guide, and the types of ABC estimation methods and documentation requirements that would be compatible with current or potential practices and expertise in existence at …

The Committee`s evaluation of vanadium alloys as a structural material for fusion reactors was constrained by limited data and time. The design of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is still in the concept stage, so meaningful design requirements were not available. The data on the effect of environment and irradiation on vanadium alloys were sparse, and interpolation of these data were made to select the V-5Cr-5Ti alloy. With an aggressive, fully funded program it is possible to qualify a vanadium alloy as the principal structural material for the ITER blanket in the available 5 to 8-year window. However, the data base for V-5Cr-5Ti is United and will require an extensive development and test program. Because of the chemical reactivity of vanadium the alloy will be less tolerant of system failures, accidents, and off-normal events than most other candidate blanket structural materials and will require more careful handling during fabrication of hardware. Because of the cost of the material more stringent requirements on processes, and minimal historical worlding experience, it will cost an order of magnitude to qualify a vanadium alloy for ITER blanket structures than other candidate materials. The use of vanadium is difficult and uncertain; therefore, other options should …

The results for the control run for a single particle are shown in Figure 1. The figure, which includes other thermolytic data for Illinois No. 6 coal, shows that the particle was stable in size to around 440{degree}C. At that point it contracted very rapidly to about half its size over the next 15{degrees}. Also shown are data for the same coal from SRI`s field ionization mass spectrometer (FIMS), in which case a sample of the coal is heated at 2.5{degrees}C/min from ambient to 500{degrees}C and the effluent is swept into mass spectrometer. The evolution of the coal volatiles is reflected by accumulated ion count with increasing temperature, and is presented in the figure as the fraction of total volatiles. As the figure shows, the abrupt increase in volatility corresponds very closely to the equally abrupt reduction in particle size. The weight average molecular weight profile from the FIMS work is also in the figure, and shows that the coal experiences a simple loss of volatiles of increasing molecular weight up to around 440{degrees}C. At that point pyrolysis and fragmentation come about, reflected in the quick reversal and decline in molecular weight. The high rate of volatility and shrinkage are …

The complete CombiNO{sub x}, process has now been demonstrated at a level that is believed to be representative of a full-scale boiler in terms of mixing capabilities. A summary of the results is displayed in Figure 5-1. While firing Illinois Coal on the Reburn Tower, Advanced Reburning was capable of reducing NO{sub x}, by 83 percent. The injection of methanol oxidized 50--58 percent of the existing NO to N0{sub 2}. Assuming that 85 percent of the newly formed N0{sub 2} can be scrubbed in a liquor modified wet-limestone scrubber, the CombiNO{sub x}, process has been shown capable of reducing NO{sub 2}, by 90--91 percent in a large pilot-scale coal-fired furnace. There is still uncertainty regarding the fate of the N0{sub 2} formed with methanol injection. Tests should be conducted to determine whether the reconversion is thermodynamic or catalytic, and what steps can be taken (such as quench rate) to prevent it from happening.

Genetic mapping is approached using the techniques of high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This technology and the results of its application are designed to rapidly generate whole genome as tool box of expressed sequence to speed the identification of human disease genes. The results of this study are intended to dovetail with and to link the results of existing technologies for creating backbone YAC and genetic maps. In the first eight months, this approach generated 60--80% of the expressed sequence map, the remainder expected to be derived through more long-term, labor-intensive, regional chromosomal gene searches or sequencing. The laboratory has made significant progress in the set-up phase, in mapping fetal and adult brain and other cDNAs, in testing a model system for directly linking genetic and physical maps using FISH with small fragments, in setting up a database, and in establishing the validity and throughput of the system.

The Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specifications (WAPS) require estimates of the heat generation rate of DWPF waste glasses. Estimates of the heat generation rates of projected glass compositions are to be reported in the Waste Form Qualification Report. Similar estimates for actual production glasses are to be reported in the Production Records. In this report, a method of calculating the heat generation rate from the radionuclide inventory is provided. Application of the method to the DWPF Design-Basis glass indicates that the heat generation rate can be accurately estimated from the Sr-90, Y-90, Cs-137, Ba-137m, and Pu-238 contents alone.

This project examined the optimization of the design of a beam tube. An ANSYS model was used to find the minimum tube thickness and the best camber in a beam tube under vacuum and preloaded by a pair of magnet poles. After the tube was modeled one version of it was built for use in the accelerator. This beam tube was put under a vacuum and the dimensional changes were recorded and compared to the ANSYS predictions. These deflection results were quite close to the predicted numbers and would suggest that the stresses are similar to the predictions as well.

Summary of Batch Extraction Experiments: (1) Resin extraction rate is not significantly affected by agitation intensity and low agitation should be suitable for the continuous extraction process; (2) The effect of resin particle size on the extraction rate and yield is obvious. Because of the fine size of the composite resin concentrate (80% minus 200 mesh), the extraction reaction occurs in reasonable times and process design conditions can be established accordingly; (3) The effect of temperature on the rate and yield of the extraction process is found to be very significant. Higher temperatures (about 60{degree}C) should be considered for the continuous extraction circuit; (4) The effect of solids concentration on the extraction rate is moderate. As concluded from our characterization study, it is known that fossil resin is mainly composed of aliphatic components, partially aromatized multicyclic compounds with a small number of oxygen functional groups. The solvent, heptane, is also a nonpolar aliphatic compound. It is expected that no chemical reaction will occur in such an extraction process at low temperature (0--90{degree}C). The main interaction between resin and heptane is expected to be the van-der-Waals-forces of interaction associated with solvation phenomena. In this regard, the resin extraction rate should be …