First part of an annual report of the Texas Railroad Commission's Oil and Gas Division providing background on the industry and the agency's activities, information related to the production of oil and gas, and data regarding production by field.

Report over the twenty annual state-administered library development programs overseen by the Library Development Division, including budget statements for each for fiscal year 1994.

Annual report of the Texas Racing Commission describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during calendar year 1992.

This task involved the calculation of neutron and proton radii of cesium isotopes. The author has written a computer code that calculates radii according to two models: Myers 1983 and FRDM 1992. Results of calculations in both these models for both cesium and francium isotopes are attached as figures. He is currently interpreting these results in collaboration with D. Vieira and J.R. Nix, and they expect to use the computer code for further studies of nuclear radii.

The EPA has designated vitrification as the best developed available technology for immobilization of High-Level Nuclear Waste. In a recent federal facilities compliance agreement between the EPA, the State of Washington, and the DOE, the DOE agreed to vitrify all of the Low Level Radioactive Waste resulting from processing of High Level Radioactive Waste stored at the Hanford Site. This is expected to result in the requirement of 100 ton per day Low Level Radioactive Waste melters. Thus, there is increased need for the rapid adaptation of commercial melter equipment to DOE`s needs. DOE has needed a facility where commercial pilot scale equipment could be operated on surrogate (non-radioactive) simulations of typical DOE waste streams. The DOE/Industry Center for Vitrification Research (Center) was established in 1992 at the Clemson University Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Clemson, SC, to address that need. This report discusses some of the characteristics of the melter types selected for installation of the Center. An overall objective of the Center has been to provide the broadest possible treatment capability with the minimum number of melter units. Thus, units have been sought which have broad potential application, and which had construction characteristics which would allow their adaptation …

This report discusses the following topics: A Next-Generation Spallation-Neutron Source; Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility; APEX Free-Electron Laser Project; The Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) Program; Intense Neutron Source for Materials Testing; Linac Physics and Special Projects; Magnetic Optics and Beam Diagnostics; Radio-Frequency Technology; Accelerator Controls and Automation; Very High-Power Microwave Sources and Effects; and GTA Installation, Commissioning, and Operation.

The ROPME Sea Area (RSA) is one of the most important commercial waterways in the world. However, the number of direct oceanographic observations is small. An international program to study the effect of the Iraqi oil spill on the environment was sponsored by the ROPME, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Water from 11 wells completed in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory was sampled as Part of the US. Geological Survey`s quality assurance program to determine the effect of Purging different borehole volumes on tritium and strontium-90 concentrations. Wells were selected for sampling on the basis of the length of time it took to purge a borehole volume of water. Samples were collected after purging one, two, and three borehole volumes. The US Department of Energy`s Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory provided analytical services. Statistics were used to determine the reproducibility of analytical results. The comparison between tritium and strontium-90 concentrations after purging one and three borehole volumes and two and three borehole volumes showed that all but two sample pairs with defined numbers were in statistical agreement. Results indicate that concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 are not affected measurably by the number of borehole volumes purged.

During the three year period of this grant, a major initiative was started to develop theoretical methods to treat complex open-shell atoms in a manner permitting a simple interpretation of the dynamics. This project has been far more successful than originally hoped, with accurate ground state photoionization cross sections calculated for nine different open-shell atoms in the periodic table. This work culminated in our first application to multichannel autoionizing spectra of a transition metal atom, scandium. These methods were also extended and adapted to permit a description of nonresonant two-photon processes at the perturbative level, and some nonperturbative multiphoton processes. The angular distribution of photoelectrons ejected in resonant multiphoton ionization of magnesium was also successfully calculated. We made headway toward understanding aspects of the diamagnetic quasi-Landau problem, specifically interpreting the observed simplicity of the spectrum when plotted simultaneously versus energy and field. High two-electron excitations of H{sup {minus}} and Li{sup {minus}} were treated using R-matrix methods, combined with a time delay analysis to quantitatively test various propensity rules proposed in the literature. These calculations also gave the first accurate description of H{sup {minus}} experiments at Los Alamos, up to the n = 6 threshold. A new set of computer programs …

This report discusses experiments ran on the DO detector; the Super-Kamiokande underground water Cherenkov detector; and post-SSC development.

The original project entitled ``Thennohaline Circulations and Global Climate Change`` was concerned with investigating the hypothesis that changes in surface thermal and hydrological forcing of the North Atlantic, changes that might be expected to accompany C0{sub 2}-induced global warming, could result in ocean-atmosphere interactions` exerting a positive feedback on the climate system. Because the North Atlantic is the source of much of the global ocean`s reservoir of deep water, and because this deep water could sequester large amounts of anthropogenically produced C0{sub 2}, changes in the rate of deep-water production are important to future climates. Since deep-water production is controlled by the annual cycle of the atmospheric forcing of the North Atlantic, and since this forcing depends on both hydrological and thermal processes as well as the windstress, there is the potential for feedback between the short-term response of the atmosphere to changing radiative forcing and the longer-term processes in the oceans. Work on this hypothesis led to a second line of investigation. The sensitivity of the annual cycle of the upper ocean to variable atmospheric forcing also determines the structure of the seasonal thermocline, and consequently it is necessary to include both synoptic-scale and interannual variability of atmospheric forcing …

Rearrangement and deletion within plasmid DNA is commonly observed during transformation. We have examined the mechanisms of transformation-associated recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a plasmid system which allowed the effects of physical state and/or extent of homology on recombination to be studied. The plasmid contains homologous or diverged (19%) DNA repeats separated by a genetically detectable color marker. Recombination during transformation for covalently closed circular plasmids was over 100-fold more frequent than during mitotic growth. The frequency of recombination is partly dependent on the method of transformation in that procedures involving lithium acetate or spheroplasting yield higher frequencies than electroporation. When present in the repeats, unique single-strand breaks that are ligatable, as well as double-strand breaks, lead to high levels of recombination between diverged and identical repeats. The transformation-associated recombination between repeat DNA`s is under the influence of the RADS2, RADI and the RNCI genes,

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The petrography, age, and paleomagnetism were determined on basalt from 23 lava flows comprising about 1200 feet of core from four coreholes in the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (ML). The four coreholes are located in the southwestern part of the INEL. Paleomagnetic measurements were made on 192 samples of basalt, and K-Ar ages were measured on 19 basalt samples. All of the samples have normal magnetic polarity and were erupted during the Brunhes Normal Polarity Epoch. Basalt lava flows in ICPP 123 can be satisfactorily correlated with lava flows in the previously studied corehole at Site E, but correlations cannot be made with confidence between ICPP 123 and the other three coreholes studied in this investigation.

The results of the effluent and environmental monitoring programs at the three Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) sites are summarized and assessed in this report. Operations at the three KAPL sites resulted in no significant release of hazardous substances or radioactivity to the environment. The effluent and environmental monitoring programs conducted by KAPL are designed to determine the effectiveness of treatment and control methods, to provide measurement of the concentrations in effluents for comparison with applicable standards, and to assess resultant concentrations in the environment. The monitoring programs include analyses of samples of liquid and gaseous effluents for chemical constituents and radioactivity as well as monitoring of environmental air, water, sediment, and fish. Radiation measurements are also made around the perimeter of each site and at off-site background locations. KAPL environmental controls are subject to applicable state and federal regulations governing use, emission, treatment, storage and/or disposal of solid, liquid and gaseous materials. Some non-radiological water and air emissions are generated and treated on-site prior to discharge to the environment. Liquid effluents and air emissions are controlled and monitored in accordance with permits issued by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP) for the Windsor Site and by the New …

On May 20, 1992, EPA published a listing decision for used oils destined for disposal. EPA decided not to list these used oils as hazardous waste based upon the technical criteria for listing in Sections 1004 and 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Sections 26 1.1 I (a)(1) and (3) of Chapter 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). A listing decision and management standards for recycled used oil were published in the Federal Register on September 10, 1992. Used oil that is recycled will not be listed as hazardous waste. The management standards that were promulgated apply to generators, transporters, processors, re-refiners, burners, and marketers of used oil and will be codified in a new 40 CFR 279. Regulations governing the burning of used oil for energy recovery [40 CFR 266 Subpart E] have been removed from Part 266 and are now incorporated into Subparts G and H of the Part 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil. Two notices correcting these used oil regulations were subsequently published on May 3, 1993, and June 17, 1993. Used oil must be managed in accordance with the new 40 CFR 279 standards until it is …

The confinement vessel has five closure doors of two different sizes. The vessel must withstand an initial dynamic load and a quasi-static internal pressure with no leakage of gases through the port seals. Task 3 of the Confinement Vessel Analysis Program was to assess the doors for safety. Of primary concern is the integrity of the seal. This encompasses the structural integrity of the door and nozzle as separate structural elements and the relative motion between the door and nozzle which could cause leakage of gases around the seals. In addition, the authors would like to obtain a better understanding of the effect of the bolt preload, especially as it affects the dynamic response of the structure. The authors explain the objectives of the task in Section 1, describe the models used for the analyses in Section 2, and give results in Section 3. They list conclusions and recommendations in Section 4.

The objective of this project is to evaluate regenerable sorbents for potential use in desulfurization of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) fuel gas in a fixed bed operating at temperatures of 900--1200{degree}F (482--649{degree}C) and pressures up to 300--400 psia (2068--2758 kPa). Important evaluation criteria are adequate sulfur absorption capacity, physical and chemical durability, and complete regenerability. The experimental tests were conducted at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center in their high pressure bench-scale hot gas desulfurization unit, which contains a 2 in (5.1 cm) ID reactor system. Like zinc ferrite and zinc titanate, Z-Sorb III is also a zinc oxide-based sorbent supported on a proprietary matrix designed to provide stability and prolong the sorbent life. The test program was divided into four phases. Phase I was essentially a screening or feasibility study and consisted of a relatively short series of complete sulfidation-regeneration cycles. Phase II was a longer term multi-cycle test designed to demonstrate durability and regenerability of the sorbent. Parametric tests of sulfidation variables were done in Phase III. The major variables investigated were gas velocity (0.5--2.0 fps) (0.15--0.61 mps) and absorption temperature (900--1100{degree}F) (482--593{degree}C). Work continued on regeneration techniques during this phase with the purpose of identifying the most …

Sintering of ZrO{sub 2}-12 mol% CeO{sub 2} was accelerated by microwave processing at 2.45 GHz as compared with conventional firing. However, the size of the ``microwave effect`` was significantly smaller than that which was previously observed for microwave sintering of ZrO{sub 2}-8 mol% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The difference in the effect that the microwave field had on the two zirconia systems is interpreted in terms of their ionic conductivities.

A finite element analysis was performed for the structural connections of a downhole nuclear test emplacement assembly. The bolt loads as well as the stresses in the cable trays and end plates of the assembly were examined for a range of bolt preloads and applied external axial loads. The focus of this study was the effects of preload on the bolt load and the stresses in various parts of the assembly. The effects of bolt size and door strap were also examined. A full-scale pull test of the structural connections was performed. The results of the test validated not only the finite element analysis but also the computer code NIKE3D used in the analysis.

This paper contains the source code for a program on conservation planning analysis for residential, commercial and industrial customers.

The experiments use various solid hydrogen layers to form various muonic hydrogen isotopes that escape into vacuum. The method relies on transfer of the muon from protium to either a deuteron or a triton. The resulting muonic deuterium or muonic tritium will not immediately thermalize because of the very low elastic cross sections, and may be emitted from the surface of the layer. Measurements which detect decay electrons, muonic x-rays, and fusion products have been used to study the processes. A target has been constructed which exploits muonic atom emission in order to learn more about the energy dependence of transfer and muon molecular formation.

Ultrapure Tb was further purified and surface cleaning procedures developed for basal plane and (11{bar 2}0) surface of Tb. Structure of both surfaces was found to be relaxed: (0001) is contracted by 3.9% in the first and expanded by 1.4% in second interlayer spacing; (11{bar 2}0) is contracted by 3.3% in first layer and shows a change in registry. Thin films of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er were grown on W{l_brace}110{r_brace} substrate in ultrahigh vacuum. Studies have been carried out on epitaxial systems involving Cu, Fe and Mn on Fe and Pt, Cu, and Pd substrates, respectively; new metastable crystalline phases have been found. Studies of possible ferromagnetism in 4d elements (Rh, Ru) and relativistic effects in electron band structure of Cu{l_brace}111{r_brace} have been completed and published. Plans for the following year are given.

The results of the radiological and non-radiological environmental monitoring programs for 1993 at the Bettis-Pittsburgh Site are presented. The results obtained from the monitoring programs demonstrate that the existing procedures ensured that environmental releases during 1993 were in accordance with applicable Federal and State regulations. Evaluation of the environmental data indicates that the current operations at the Site continue to have no adverse effect on the quality of the environment. A conservative assessment of radiation exposure to the general public as a result of Site operations demonstrated that the dose received by any member of the public was well below the most restrictive dose limits established by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy.