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Occupational dose reduction at Department of Energy contractor facilities: Bibliography of selected readings in radiation protection and ALARA
This bibliography contains abstracts relating to various aspects of ALARA program implementation and dose reduction activities, with a focus on DOE facilities. Abstracts included in this bibliography were selected from proceedings of technical meetings, journals, research reports, searches of the DOE Energy, Science and Technology Database (in general, the citation and abstract information is presented as obtained from this database), and reprints of published articles provided by the authors. Facility types and activities covered in the scope of this report include: radioactive waste, uranium enrichment, fuel fabrication, spent fuel storage and reprocessing, facility decommissioning, hot laboratories, tritium production, research, test and production reactors, weapons fabrication and testing, fusion, uranium and plutonium processing, radiography, and aocelerators. Information on improved shielding design, decontamination, containments, robotics, source prevention and control, job planning, improved operational and design techniques, as well as on other topics, has been included. In addition, DOE/EH reports not included in previous volumes of the bibliography are in this volume (abstracts 611 to 684). This volume (Volume 5 of the series) contains 217 abstracts. An author index and a subject index are provided to facilitate use. Both indices contain the abstract numbers from previous volumes, as well as the current volume. …
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Dionne, B. J.; Sullivan, S. G. & Baum, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ANL Technical Support Program for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Annual Report for October 1991 - September 1992
Management (EM) to evaluate factors that are anticipated to affect waste glass reaction during repository disposal, especially in an unsaturated environment typical of what may be expected for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site.
Date:
May 1993
Creator:
Bates, John K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Waste Programs Semiannual Progress Report: October 1991-March 1992
This document reports on the work done by the Nuclear Waste Programs of the Chemical Technology Division (CMT), Argonne National Laboratory, in the period October 1991-March 1992. In these programs, studies are underway on the performance of waste glass and spent fuel in projected nuclear repository conditions to provide input to the licensing of the nation's high-level waste repositories.
Date:
November 1993
Creator:
Bates, John K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COMMIX-PPC: A Three-Dimensional Transient Multicomponent Computer Program for Analyzing Performance of Power Plant Condensers, Volume 1: Equations and Numerics
Report on the COMMIX-PPC computer program, designed to evaluate the thermal performance of power plant condensers. This first volume "describes in detail the basic equations, formulation, solution procedures, and models for auxiliary phenomena" (p. iv).
Date:
February 1993
Creator:
Chien, T. H.; Domanus, H. M. & Sha, William T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Parallel Programming with PCN. Revision 2
PCN is a system for developing and executing parallel programs. It comprises a high-level programming language, tools for developing and debugging programs in this language, and interfaces to Fortran and C that allow the reuse of existing code in multilingual parallel programs. Programs developed using PCN are portable across many different workstations, networks, and parallel computers. This document provides all the information required to develop parallel programs with the PCN programming system. It includes both tutorial and reference material. It also presents the basic concepts that underlie PCN, particularly where these are likely to be unfamiliar to the reader, and provides pointers to other documentation on the PCN language, programming techniques, and tools. This version of this document describes PCN version 2.0, a major revision of the PCN programming system. It supersedes earlier versions of this report.
Date:
January 1993
Creator:
Foster, Ian & Tuecke, Steven
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion Replacement Program Annual Report: 1993
Annual report of the Ion Replacement Electrorefining Program at Aronne National Laboratory describing their research and activities. There are three key accomplishments highlighted for the year: (1) identification of a suitable sodium(beta){double_prime}-alumina/molten salt electrolyte system that functions reproducibly at 723 K, (2) actual separation of dysprosium and lanthanum in experiments, and (3) the identification of a metal alloy, Li{sub x}Sb, as an alternative ion replacement electrode.
Date:
July 1993
Creator:
Tomczuk, Z.; Willit, J. L. & Fischer, A. K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Argonne National Laboratory-East Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992
This report discusses the results of the environmental protection program at Argonne National Laboratory-East (ANL) for 1992. To evaluate the effects of ANL operations .on the environment, samples of environmental media collected on the site, at the site boundary, and off the ANL site were analyzed and compared to applicable guidelines and standards. A variety of radionuclides was measured in air, surface water, groundwater, soil, grass, and bottom sediment samples.
Date:
May 1993
Creator:
Golchert, N. W. & Kolzow, R. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Practical Superconductor Development for Electrical Power Applications, Annual Report: 1993
Annual report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components in the Y-Ba-Cu, (B1,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu, (Tl,Pb,BI)-(Ba,Sr)-Ca-Cu, and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O oxide systems including: synthesis and heat treatment of high-Ta superconductors; formation of monolithic and composite wires, tapes, and coils; characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties; fabrication and properties of films; and development of prototype components.
Date:
October 1993
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Materials and Components Technology Division.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compatibility of ITER Candidate Structural Materials with Static Gallium
Tests were conducted on the compatibility of gallium with candidate structural materials for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, e.g., Type 316 SS, Inconel 625, and Nb-5 Mo-1 Zr alloy, as well as Armco iron, Nickel 270, and pure chromium.
Date:
December 1993
Creator:
Luebbers, P. R. & Michaud, W. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Periodized Wavelets
The properties of periodized Daubechies wavelets on [0,1] are detailed and contrasted against their counterparts which form a basis for L{sup 2}(R). Numerical examples illustrate the analytical estimates for convergence and demonstrate by comparison with Fourier spectral methods the superiority of wavelet projection methods for approximations. The analytical solution to inner products of periodized wavelets and their derivatives, which are known as connection coefficients, is presented, and several tabulated values are included.
Date:
December 1993
Creator:
Schlossnagle, George; Restrepo, Juan Mario & Leaf, Gary K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
On the Unsteady-Motion Theory of Magnetic Forces for Maglev
Motion-dependent magnetic forces are the key elements in the study of magnetically levitated vehicle (maglev) system dynamics. In the past, most maglevsystem designs were based on a quasisteady-motion theory of magnetic forces. This report presents an experimental and analytical study that will enhance our understanding of the role of unsteady-motion-dependent magnetic forces and demonstrate an experimental technique that can be used to measure those unsteady magnetic forces directly. The experimental technique provides a useful tool to measure motion-dependent magnetic forces for the prediction and control of maglev systems.
Date:
November 1993
Creator:
Chen, Shoei-Sheng; Zhu, S. & Cai, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Using a Transfer Function to Describe the Load-Balancing Problem
The dynamic load-balancing problem for mesh-connected parallel computers can be clearly described by introducing a function that identifies how much work is to be transmitted between neighboring processors. This function is a solution to an elliptic problem for which a wealth of knowledge exists. The non-uniqueness of the solution to the load-balancing problem is made explicit.
Date:
November 1993
Creator:
Conley, Andrew J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Early Experiences with the IBM SP1 and the High-Performance Switch
The IBM SP1 is IBM`s newest parallel distributed-memory computer. As part of a joint project with IBM, Argonne took delivery of an early system in order to evaluate the software environment and to begin porting programming packages and applications to this machine. This report discusses the results of those efforts once the high-performance switch was installed. An earlier report (ANL/MCS-TM-177) emphasized software usability and the initial ports to the SP1. This report contains performance results and discusses some applications and tools not covered in TM 177.
Date:
November 1993
Creator:
Gropp, William
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiolytic and Thermal Generation of Gases from Hanford Grout Samples : Interim Report
Gamma irradiation of WHC-supplied samples of grouted Tank 102-AP simulated nonradioactive waste has been carried out at three dose rates, 0.25, 0.63, and 130 krad/hr. The low dose rate corresponds to that in the actual grout vaults; with the high dose rate, doses equivalent to more than 40 years in the grout vault were achieved. An average G(H2) = 0.047 molecules/100 eV was found, independent of dose rate. The rate of H2 production decreases above 80 Mrad. For other gases, G(N2) = 0.12, G(O2) = 0.026, G(N2O) = 0.011 and G(CO) = 0.0042 at 130 krad/hr were determined. At lower dose rates, N2 and O2 could not be measured because of interference by trapped air. The value of G(H2) is higher than expected, suggesting segregation of water from nitrate and nitrite salts in the grout. The total pressure generated by the radiolysis at 130 krad/h has been independently measured, and total amounts of gases generated were calculated from this measurement. Good agreement between this measurement and the sum of all the gases that were independently determined was obtained. Therefore, the individual gas measurements account for most of the major components that are generated by the radiolysis. At 90 C, H2, …
Date:
October 1993
Creator:
Meisel, Dan; Jonah, Charles D.; Kapoor, S.; Matheson, Max S. & Mulac, W. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiolytic and Radiolytically Induced Generation of Gases from Synthetic Wastes : Final Report
To better understand the processes leading to the generation and release of gases from waste tanks, the authors studied the radiolytic and thermal generation of H2, N2O, N2, O2, and NH3 in nonradioactive waste simulant solutions and slurries. The radiolytic sources for H2 are e(sub aq)⁻ and its predecessors and H atoms. Radiolysis of the water generates some H2 and an additional amount comes from the hydrogen abstraction reaction H + RH(yields) H2+R(center_dot). Nitrate scavenges e(sub aq)(sup (minus) and its predecessors whereas nitrite is the major H-atom scavenger. Computer modeling shows that if [NO3⁻] is above 0.5 M, and [NO2⁻] is above 2M, the addition of other scavengers will have little effect on the yield of H2. In the presence of organic molecules O2 is efficiently destroyed. Small yields of ammonia were measured and the yields increase linearly with dose. The nitrogen in NH3 comes from organic chelators. The yields of gases in solution depend only weakly on temperature. The rate of thermal generation of gases increases upon preirradiation, reaches a maximum, and then declines. The known radiolytic degradation products of chelators, NTA, IDA, glycolate, glyoxylate, formaldehyde, formate, oxalate, and hydroxylainine were examined for their roles in the thermal generation …
Date:
October 1993
Creator:
Meisel, Dan; Jonah, Charles D.; Kapoor, S.; Matheson, Max S. & Sauer, M. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Radionuclide Decay on Waste Glass Behavior : a Critical Review
This paper is an extension of a chapter in an earlier report that provides an updated review on the status of radiation damage problems in nuclear waste glasses. This report will focus on radiation effects on vitrified borosilicate nuclear waste glasses under conditions expected in the proposed Yucca mountain repository. Radiation effects on high-level waste glasses and their surrounding repository environment are important considerations for radionuclide immobilization because of the potential to alter the glass stability and thereby influence the radionuclide retentive properties of this waste form. The influence of radionuclide decay on vitrified nuclear waste may be manifested by several changes, including volume, stored energy, structure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and phase separation. Radiation may also affect the composition of aqueous fluids and atmospheric gases in relatively close proximity to the waste form. What is important to the radionuclide retentive properties of the repository is how these radiation effects collectively or individually influence the durability and radionuclide release from the glass in the event of liquid water contact.
Date:
December 1993
Creator:
Wronkiewicz, David J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BlockSolve v1. 1: Scalable Library Software for the Parallel Solution of Sparse Linear Systems
BlockSolve is a software library for solving large, sparse systems of linear equations on massively parallel computers. The matrices must be symmetric, but may have an arbitrary sparsity structure. BlockSolve is a portable package that is compatible with several different message-passing pardigms. This report gives detailed instructions on the use of BlockSolve in applications programs.
Date:
March 1993
Creator:
Jones, Mark T. & Plassmann, Paul E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test Plan for Reactions Between Spent Fuel and J-13 Well Water Under Unsaturated Conditions
Two complentary test plans are presented, one to examine the reaction of spent fuel and J-13 well water under unsaturated conditions and the second to examine the reaction of unirradiated uranium dioxide pellets and J-13 well water under unsaturated conditions. The former test plan examines the importance of the water content, the oxygen content as affected by radiolysis, the fuel burnup, fuel surface area, and temperature. The latter test plant examines the effect of the non-presence of Teflon in the test vessel.
Date:
January 1993
Creator:
Finn, P. A.; Wronkiewicz, David J.; Hoh, J. C.; Emery, J. W.; Hafenrichter, L. D. & Bates, J. K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nondestructive Characterization Methods for Monolithic Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Monolithic solid oxide fuel cells (MSOFCS) represent a potential breakthrough in fuel cell technology, provided that reliable fabrication methods can be developed. Fabrication difficulties arise in several steps of the processing: First is the fabrication of uniform thin (305 {mu}m) single-layer and trilayer green tapes (the trilayer tapes of anode/electrolyte/cathode and anode/interconnect/cathode must have similar coefficients of thermal expansion to sinter uniformly and to have the necessary electrochemical properties); Second is the development of fuel and oxidant channels in which residual stresses are likely to develop in the tapes; Third is the fabrication of a "complete" cell for which the bond quality between layers and the quality of the trilayers must be established; and Last, attachment of fuel and oxidant manifolds and verification of seal integrity. The purpose of this report is to assess nondestructive characterization methods that could be developed for application to laboratory, prototype, and full-scale MSOFCs.
Date:
January 1993
Creator:
Ellingson, W. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lead Exposures and Biological Responses in Military Weapons Systems: Aerosol Characteristics and Acute Lead Effects among US Army Artillerymen: Final Report
This study was to determine the concentration and chemical nature of lead (Pb) aerosols produced during the firing of artillery and to determine the exposures and biological responses of crew members exposed to lead aerosols during such firing. The concentrations of lead-containing aerosols at crew positions depended on wind conditions, with higher concentrations when firing into a head wind. Aerosol concentrations were highest in the muzzle blast zone. Concentrations of lead in the blood of crew members rose during the first 12 days of exposure to elevated airborne lead concentrations and then leveled off. There was no rapid decrease in blood lead concentrations after completion of firing. Small decreases in hematocrit and small increases in free erythrocyte porphyrin were correlated with increasing exposure to airborne lead. These changes were reversed by seven weeks after firing. Changes in nerve conduction velocity had borderline statistical significance to airborne lead exposure. In measuring nerve conduction velocity, differences in skin temperature must be taken into account.
Date:
March 1993
Creator:
Bhattacharyya, M. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simplified Linear Equation Solvers : Users Manual
The solution of large sparse systems of linear equations is at the heart of many algorithms in scientific computing. The SLES package is a set of easy-to-use yet powerful and extensible routines for solving large sparse linear systems. The design of the package allows new techniques to be used in existing applications without any source code changes in the applications.
Date:
February 1993
Creator:
Gropp, William & Smith, Barry
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User`s Guide for the Casting Process Simulator Software CaPS-2D, Version 1.0
Most casting defects occur during initial pouring and therefore the design of the running system, which guides the metal from the ladle into the mold, is crucial. Traditionally, the running system and mold filling are designed by trial and error, which is tedious, time consuming, and expensive. The uncertainties that remain can be overcome by a computer simulation that demonstrates the actual process of mold filling and subsequent solidification. Computer simulation of various processes has become more and more common in recent years. The cost-effectiveness of making flawless castings has made the foundry worker more aware of the process of mold filling, identification of hot spots, etc. The macroscopic Casting Process Simulator (CaPS) software combines heat transfer and fluid flow aspects and can describe a variety of solidification aspects, including mold filling. CaPS is a two-dimensional time-dependent computer code involving a finite-volume formulation for the mass, momentum. and energy equations. CaPS has the following characteristics. CaPS uses the PATRAN geometric modeling package for constructing the geometry, generating a neutral file consisting of a list of named components, and post-processing of the simulation results; building the geometry independently of the mesh is a time-saving procedure. A structured mesh generator of structured …
Date:
July 1993
Creator:
Domanus, H. M.; Schmitt, R. C. & Ahuja, S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Motion-Dependent Fluid Forces Acting on Tube Arrays in Crossflow
Motion-dependent fluids forces acting on a tube array were measured as a function of excitation frequency, excitation amplitude, and flow velocity. Fluid-damping and fluid-stiffness coefficients were obtained from measured motion-dependent fluid forces as a function of reduced flow velocity and excitation amplitude. The water channel and test setup provide a sound facility for obtaining key coefficients for fluid-elastic instability of tube arrays in crossflow. Once the guideline, based on the unsteady flow theory, can be developed for fluid-elastic instability of tube arrays crossflow.
Date:
June 1993
Creator:
Chen, Shoei-Sheng; Zhu, S. & Jendrzejczyk, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experiment on Fluidelastic Instability of Loosely Supported Tube Arrays in Crossflow
A tube array supported by baffle plates in crossflow may be subjected to fluid-elastic instability in the tube-support-plate-inactive mode. An experimental study is presented to characterize the tube motion. Three series of tests were performed to measure tube displacements as a function of flow velocity for different clearances. The motion was examined by root-mean-square values of tube displacements, power spectral densities, phase planes, Poincare maps, and Lyapunov exponents. The experimental data agree reasonably well with the analytical model, based on the unsteady flow theory.
Date:
June 1993
Creator:
Chen, Shoei-Sheng; Zhu, S. & Cai, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library