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Experience base for Radioactive Waste Thermal Processing Systems: A preliminary survey (open access)

Experience base for Radioactive Waste Thermal Processing Systems: A preliminary survey

In the process of considering thermal technologies for potential treatment of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory mixed transuranic contaminated wastes, a preliminary survey of the experience base available from Radioactive Waste Thermal Processing Systems is reported. A list of known commercial radioactive waste facilities in the United States and some international thermal treatment facilities are provided. Survey focus is upon the US Department of Energy thermal treatment facilities. A brief facility description and a preliminary summary of facility status, and problems experienced is provided for a selected subset of the DOE facilities.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Mayberry, J.; Geimer, R.; Gillins, R.; Steverson, E.M.; Dalton, D. (Science Applications International Corp., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)) & Anderson, G.L. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DWPF waste glass Product Composition Control System (open access)

DWPF waste glass Product Composition Control System

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will be used to blend aqueous radwaste (PHA) with solid radwaste (Sludge) in a waste receipt vessel (the SRAT). The resulting SRAT material is transferred to the SME an there blended with ground glass (Frit) to produce a batch of melter feed slurry. The SME material is passed to a hold tank (the MFT) which is used to continuously feed the DWPF melter. The melter. The melter produces a molten glass wasteform which is poured into stainless steel canisters for cooling and, ultimately, shipment to and storage in a geologic repository. The Product Composition Control System (PCCS) is the system intended to ensure that the melt will be processible and that the glass wasteform will be acceptable. This document provides a description of this system.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Brown, K.G. & Postles, R.L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The development of precipitated iron catalysts with improved stability (open access)

The development of precipitated iron catalysts with improved stability

The objective of this program is to identify the chemical principles governing the deactivation of precipitated iron catalysts during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and to use these chemical principles in the design of catalysts suitable for slurry reactors. The performance targets are 88% CO+H{sub 2} conversion with less than 1% deactivation/day for 1 month and a methane and ethane selectivity of no more than 7% (based on hydrocarbons and oxygenates only) at a space velocity of at least 2 normal liters per hr per gram iron (NL/hr/gFe) using a synthesis gas with 0.5-1.0 H{sub 2}:CO ratio in a slurry reactor.
Date: May 6, 1992
Creator: Abrevaya, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reviews of ASME Section 11 pump and valve relief requests: Post Generic Letter 89-04 (open access)

Reviews of ASME Section 11 pump and valve relief requests: Post Generic Letter 89-04

This paper presents a discussion of ASME Section 11 Pump and Valve Inservice Testing relief request reviews by the NRC and their contractors. Topics that will be discussed include the scope of USNRC reviews in Technical Evaluation Reports (TERs) (and Safety Evaluation, SEs); including the basis for granting relief requests, the status of relief requests in IST Program updates, and the Generic Letter 89-04 approval process; and the level of technical detail required in submitted programs. This presentation is based on the experiences of Brookhaven National Laboratory in reviewing IST Programs for the Mechanical Engineering Branch of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: DiBiasio, A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The limited streamer tubes system for the SLD warm iron calorimeter (open access)

The limited streamer tubes system for the SLD warm iron calorimeter

The SLD detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is a general purpose device for studying e{sup +}{epsilon}{sup {minus}} interaction at the Z{sup 0}. The SLD calorimeter system consists of two parts: a lead Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAC) with both electromagnetic (22 radiation lengths) and hadronic sections (2.8 absorption lengths) housed inside the coil, and the Warm Ion limited streamer tubes Calorimeter (WIC) outside the coil which uses as radiator the iron of the flux return for the magnetic field. The WIC completes the measurement of the hadronic shower energy ({approximately}85% on average is contained in the LAC) and it provides identification and tracking for muons over 99% of the solid angle. In this note we report on the construction, test and commissioning of such a large system.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Benvenuti, A. C.; Camanzi, B.; Piemontese, L.; Zucchelli, P.; Calcaterra, A.; De Sangro, R. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electrochemistry of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans reactions with pyrite (open access)

Electrochemistry of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans reactions with pyrite

The objective of this project is to provide the fundamental information on the mechanisms of bacterial leaching of pyrite. The knowledge of how bacterial leaching of pyrite functions is essential for design and development of a technology for coal cleaning with bacteria. The features of major electrochemical techniques will be examined to find out if any of them can provide a diagnostic information on the mechanisms of related reactions.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Pesic, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Resource capture by single leaves (open access)

Resource capture by single leaves

Leaves show a variety of strategies for maximizing CO{sub 2} and light capture. These are more meaningfully explained if they are considered in the context of maximizing capture relative to the utilization of water, nutrients and carbohydrates reserves. There is considerable variation between crops in their efficiency of CO{sub 2} and light capture at the leaf level. Understanding of these mechanisms indicate some ways in which efficiency of resource capture could be level cannot be meaningfully considered without simultaneous understanding of implications at the canopy level. 36 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Long, S.P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fuel performance annual report for 1989 (open access)

Fuel performance annual report for 1989

This annual report, the twelfth in a series, provides a brief description of fuel performance during 1989 in commercial nuclear power plants and an indication of trends. Brief summaries of fuel design changes, fuel surveillance programs, fuel operating experience, fuel problems, high-burnup fuel experience, and items of general significance are provided. References to more detailed information and related US Nuclear Regulatory Commission evaluations are included.
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Bailey, W.J.; Berting, F.M. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Wu, S. (Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States). Div. of Systems Technology)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safety rod latch inspection (open access)

Safety rod latch inspection

During an attempt to raise control rods from the 100 K reactor in December, one rod could not be withdrawn. Subsequent investigation revealed that a small button'' in the latch mechanism had broken off of the lock plunger'' and was wedged in a position that prevented rod withdrawal. Concern that this failure may have resulted from corrosion or some other metallurgical problem resulted in a request that SRL examine six typical latch mechanisms from the 100 L reactor by use of radiography and metallography. During the examination of the L-Area latches, a failed latch mechanism from the 100 K reactor was added to the investigation. Fourteen latches that had a history of problems were removed from K-Area and sent to SRL for inclusion in this study the week after the original seven assemblies were examined, bringing the total of latch assemblies discussed in this report to twenty one. Results of the examination of the K-Area latch that initiated this study is not included in this report.
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Leader, D.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lost circulation technology development status (open access)

Lost circulation technology development status

Lost circulation is the loss of drilling fluid from the wellbore to fractures or pores in the rock formation. In geothermal drilling, lost circulation is often a serious problem that contributes greatly to the cost of the average geothermal well. The Lost Circulation Technology Development Program is sponsored at Sandia National Laboratories by the US Department of Energy. The goal of the program is to reduce lost circulation costs by 30--50% through the development of mitigation and characterization technology. This paper describes the technical progress made in this program during the period April 1991--March 1992. 8 refs.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Glowka, D. A.; Schafer, D. M.; Loeppke, G. E.; Scott, D. D.; Wernig, M. D. & Wright, E. K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Power excitation by the use of a rf wiggler (open access)

Power excitation by the use of a rf wiggler

It is well-known that there are difficulties to obtain rf power sources of significant amount for frequencies larger than 3 GHz. Yet, rf sources in the centimeter/millimeter wavelength range would be very useful to drive, for example, high-gradient accelerating linacs for electron-positron linear colliders. We would like to propose an alternative method to produce such radiation. It makes use of a short electron bunch traveling along the axis of a waveguide which is at the same time excited by a TM propagating electromagnetic wave. It is well known that radiation can be obtained by wiggling the motion of the electrons in a direction perpendicular to the main one. The wiggling action can be included by electromagnetic fields in a fashion similar to the one caused by wiggler magnets. We found that an interesting mode of operation is to drive the waveguide with an excitation frequency very close to the cut off. For such excitation, the corresponding e.m. wave travels with a very large phase velocity which in turn has the effect to increase the wiggling action on the electron bunch. Our method, to be effective, relies also on the coherence of the radiation; that is the bunch length is taken …
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Ruggiero, Alessandro G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High temperature ceramic membrane reactors for coal liquid upgrading (open access)

High temperature ceramic membrane reactors for coal liquid upgrading

In this project we intend to study a novel process concept, i.e, the use of ceramic membranes reactors in upgrading of coal derived liquids. Membrane reactors have been used in a number of catalytic reaction processes in order to overcome the limitations on conversion imposed by thermodynamic equilibrium. They have, furthermore, the inherent capability for combining reaction and separation in a single step. Thus they offer promise for improving and optimizing yield, selectivity and performance of processes involving complex liquids, as those typically found in coal liquid upgrading. Ceramic membranes are a new class of materials, which have shown promise in a variety of industrial applications. Their mechanical and chemical stability coupled with a wide range of operating temperatures and pressures make them suitable for environments found in coal liquid upgrading. In this project we will evaluate the performance of Sol-Gel alumina membranes in coal liquid upgrading processes under realistic temperature and pressure conditions and investigate the feasibility of using such membranes in a membrane reactor based coal liquid upgrading process. In addition, the development of novel ceramic membranes with enhanced catalytic activity for coal-liquid upgrading applications, such as carbon-coated alumina membranes, will be also investigated.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Tsotsis, T.T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Estimates of SASE power in the short wavelength region (open access)

Estimates of SASE power in the short wavelength region

Given a sufficiently bright electron beam, the self-amplified-spontaneous emission (SASE) can provide gigawatts of short wavelength coherent radiation. The advantages of SASE approach are that is requires neither optical cavity nor an imput seed laser. In this note, we estimate the peak power performance of SASE for wavelengths shorter than 1000 {Angstrom}. At each wavelength, we calculate the saturated power from a uniform parameter undulator and the enhanced power from a tapered undulator. The method described here is an adaptation of that discussed by L.H. Yu, who discussed the harmonic generation scheme with seeded laser, to the case of SASE.
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Kim, Kwang-Je.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Site Specific Verification Guidelines. (open access)

Site Specific Verification Guidelines.

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Northwest region have moved from energy surplus to a time when demand for energy is likely to exceed available supplies. The Northwest Power Planning Council is calling for a major push to acquire new resources.'' To meet anticipated loads in the next decade, BPA and the region must more than double that rate at which we acquire conservation resources. BPA hopes to achieve some of this doubling by programs independently designed and implemented by utilities and other parties without intensive BPA involvement. BPA will accept proposals for programs using performance-based payments, in which BPA bases its reimbursement to the sponsor on measured energy savings rather than program costs. To receive payment for conservation projects developed under performance-based programs, utilities and other project developers must propose verification plans to measure the amount of energy savings. BPA has traditionally used analysis of billing histories, before and after measure installation, adjusted by a comparison group on non-participating customers to measure conservation savings. This approach does not work well for all conversation projects. For large or unusual facilities the comparison group approach is not reliable due to the absence of enough comparable non-participants to allow appropriate statistical …
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Harding, Steve; Gordon, Frederick M. & Kennedy, Mike
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Repair Welding of Fusion Reactor Components (open access)

Repair Welding of Fusion Reactor Components

Recent experimental investigations indicate that the repair welding of irradiated materials containing greater than 1 to 2.5 appm helium leads to catastrophic cracking in the heat affected zone of the weld. The high temperatures and cooling tensile stresses which occur during the welding process lead to enhanced helium bubble growth in the heat affected zone region, resulting in catastrophic cracking upon cooling. An investigation is proposed which seeks to determine the effect of stress state on the helium bubble growth process and develop engineering modifications to the welding process based upon this understanding in an attempt to alleviate or eliminate the weld cracking problem in type 316 stainless steel materials.
Date: May 20, 1992
Creator: Chin, Bryan A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optical properties of flyash (open access)

Optical properties of flyash

The general aims of this research are to provide a fundamental scientific basis for the physical understanding and reliable calculation of heat transfer in coal combustion systems, particularly as it is influenced by the presence of inorganic constituents deriving from mineral matter in coal. (VC)
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Self, S.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal (open access)

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. CSTRs and CSTRs with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentration, ethanol concentration and product ratio.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The demand-side management program development process: A utility perspective (open access)

The demand-side management program development process: A utility perspective

This report describes an aspect of DSM that has received little attention, namely, how utilities develop DSM programs. The selection of utilities to study purposely was biased in favor of those with reputations for being experienced DSM program developers so as to optimize the chances to obtain detailed information. The DSM planning process is affected by organizational factors and external influences: (1) the location of the demand-side planning department within the utility; (2) the demand-side planning group's functional responsibilities; (3) upper management participation in the DSM program development process; and (4) the organizational relationship between (or, separation of) supply-side and demand-side planning. Organizational factors reflect utilities' views of DSM programs and thus can affect the adoption of a technology- or customer-oriented approach. Despite repeated claims of the uniqueness of the demand- side planning process and its resistance to standardization, two general approaches to program development were discerned, namely technology- or customer-orientation. Although utilities consider customer related and technological factors in their DSM program development process, utilities can be differentiated by their emphasis on one or the other approach. 25 refs.
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Wolfe, A.K. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Yourstone, N.E. (Yourstone (Evelin), Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Simulation of hanging file experiments with CALOR89 (open access)

Simulation of hanging file experiments with CALOR89

This note presents the comparison of CALOR89 simulation with the hanging file'' test measurements conducted at Fermilab during the period of Sep 91--Jan 92. The purpose of this study is to benchmark CALOR89 code against the experimental data to enhance its reliability and predictive power. Seven hanging file configurations were simulated. The measured values of e/{pi} ratio (the ratio of electron to pion signal at the same energy), hadronic and electromagnetic resolutions were compared with the simulations. The depth profiles of the hadronic and electromagnetic showers are also compared.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Job, P.K.; Price, L.E.; Proudfoot, J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). High Energy Physics Div.); Handler, T. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)) & Gabriel, T.A. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion (open access)

Synergistic capture mechanisms for alkali and sulfur species from combustion

This report presents work done on a laboratory combustor in an attempt to identify mechanisms that govern the simultaneous capture of alkali and sulfur species using sorbent injection techniques. The mechanisms of capture fall into two broad categories i.e. Physical transport of alkali species (in vapor or condensed phase) to the sorbent surface and surface reaction between the alkali species and the sorbents. Water solubility, though not specific, has been used to get an indication of relative significance of these two broad mechanisms. It is assumed that the physically adsorbed alkali species on sorbents are predominantly water soluble while the chemically reacted alkali content is predominantly water insoluble. In order to infer possible dominant mechanisms, specific parameters has been varied during experimentation. Such parameters include, speciation, particle time-temperature history, and furnace burning conditions.
Date: April 23, 1992
Creator: Peterson, T.W.; Shadman, F.; Wendt, J.O.L. & Mwabe, P.O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
(The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties in high-energy permanent magnets characterized by polytwinned structures) (open access)

(The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties in high-energy permanent magnets characterized by polytwinned structures)

This report summarizes the results of a study of the relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties in a unique genre of ferromagnetic material characterized by a polysynthetically twinned structure which arises during solid state transformation. These results stem from the work over a period of approximately 27 months of a nominal 3 year grant period. The report also contains a proposal to extend the research project for an additional 3 years. The polytwinned structures produce an inhomogeneous magnetic medium in which the easy axis of magnetization varies quasi-periodically giving rise to special domain configurations which are expected to markedly influence the mechanism of magnetization reversal and hysteresis behavior of these materials in bulk or thin films. The extraordinary permanent magnet properties exhibited by the well-known Co-Pt alloys as well as the Fe-Pt and Fe-Pd systems near the equiatomic composition derive from the formation of a polytwinned microstructure.
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Microwave separation of organic chemicals from mixed hazardous waste (open access)

Microwave separation of organic chemicals from mixed hazardous waste

The feasibility of utilizing the differential heating characteristics of microwave energy (MW) to aid in the chemical extraction and separation process of hazardous organic compounds from mixed hazardous waste, was studied at the INEL. The long-term objective of this work was to identify a practical method of separating or enhancing the separation process of organic hazardous waste components from mixed waste using microwave (MW) frequency radiation. Methods using MW energy for calcination, solidification, and drying of radioactive waste from nuclear facilities is becoming more attractive. In order to study the effectiveness of MW heating, samples of several organic chemicals simulating those which may be found at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex at the INEL were exposed to MW energy. Vapor collection and analysis was performed as a function of time, signal frequency, and MW power throughout the process. Signal frequencies ranging from 900 MHz t 8000 MHz were used. Although the signal frequency bandwidth of the selectivity was quite broad, for the material tested an indication of the frequency dependence in the selectivity of MW heating was given. Greater efficiency in terms of energy used and time required was observed. The relatively large electromagnetic field intensities generated at the resonant …
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Anderson, A. A. & Albano, R. K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Facilities evaluation report (open access)

Facilities evaluation report

The Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) is a program of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Technology Development whose mission is to evaluate different new and existing technologies and determine how well they address DOE community waste remediation problems. Twenty-three Technical Task Plans (TTPs) have been identified to support this mission during FY-92; 10 of these have identified some support requirements when demonstrations take place. Section 1 of this report describes the tasks supported by BWID, determines if a technical demonstration is proposed, and if so, identifies the support requirements requested by the TTP Principal Investigators. Section 2 of this report is an evaluation identifying facility characteristics of existing Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) facilities that may be considered for use in BWID technology demonstration activities.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Sloan, P.A. & Edinborough, C.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal waste treatment biotechnology: Progress and advantages to the utilities (open access)

Geothermal waste treatment biotechnology: Progress and advantages to the utilities

Development of biotechnology for treatment of geothermal residual waste is aimed at the application of low-cost biochemical processes for the surface treatment and disposal of residual geothermal sludges. These processes, in addition to the lowering of disposal cost, are designed to be environmentally acceptable. Recent studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have shown that optimization of several process variables results in fast rates (<24h) of metal removal from residual sludges at acidic pH ({minus}1--2). Optimization of the process variables also enables the removal of radioactive isotopes. In addition, the aqueous phase produced during the bioprocessing which contains solubilized metals can be further treated in a manner which precipitates out the metals and renders the aqueous effluent toxic metal free. In this paper, the various process options will be discussed in terms of biotreatment variables. Chemical composition before and after biotreatment will also be discussed in terms of long-range effects, quality assurance and potential disposal costs.
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S. & Jin, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library