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Advanced water-cooled phosphoric acid fuel cell development. Final report
This program was conducted to improve the performance and minimize the cost of existing water-cooled phosphoric acid fuel cell stacks for electric utility and on-site applications. The goals for the electric utility stack technology were a power density of at least 175 watts per square foot over a 40,000-hour useful life and a projected one-of-a-kind, full-scale manufactured cost of less than $400 per kilowatt. The program adapted the existing on-site Configuration-B cell design to electric utility operating conditions and introduced additional new design features. Task 1 consisted of the conceptual design of a full-scale electric utility cell stack that meets program objectives. The conceptual design was updated to incorporate the results of material and process developments in Tasks 2 and 3, as well as results of stack tests conducted in Task 6. Tasks 2 and 3 developed the materials and processes required to fabricate the components that meet the program objectives. The design of the small area and 10-ft{sup 2} stacks was conducted in Task 4. Fabrication and assembly of the short stacks were conducted in Task 5 and subsequent tests were conducted in Task 6. The management and reporting functions of Task 7 provided DOE/METC with program visibility through …
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aerosol phase transformation in the atmosphere
Ambient aerosols are frequently composed of hygroscopic inorganic salts such as chlorides, sulfates and nitrates in either pure or mixed forms. Such inorganic salt aerosols exhibit the properties of deliquescence and efflorescence in air. The phase transformation from a solid particle to a saline droplet usually occurs spontaneously when atmospheric relative humidity reaches a level specific to the chemical composition of the aerosol particle. Conversely, when relative humidity decreases and becomes low enough, a saline droplet will evaporate and suddenly crystallize, expelling all its water content. Information on the composition and temperature dependence of these properties is required in mathematical models for describing the dynamic and transport behavior of ambient aerosols. Experiments are carried out in the temperature range 5--35{degrees}C, using single particles individually suspended in an electrodynamic cell that can be evacuated and back filled with water vapor. The phase transformation of the aerosol particle is monitored by laser light scattering and the relative humidity at the transition point is determined by directly measuring the water vapor pressure in the cell. Results are obtained for particles containing either a single salt or a preselected mixture of NaCl, KCl, NaNO{sub 3}, Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}, which …
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Tang, I. N. & Munkelwitz, H. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Age, Volume [13], Number 9, September 1992
Monthly publication containing information related to Chambers County, Texas, including current events of the Chambers County Historical Commission, the Wallisville Heritage Park, and the Chambers County historical and genealogical societies; reprinted newspaper articles about county events and citizens; and historical news and records.
Date:
September 1992
Creator:
Wallisville Heritage Park (Organization)
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Air Toxic Emissions From the Combustion of Coal: Identifying and Quantifying Hazardous Air Pollutants From US Coals
This report addresses the key air toxic emissions likely to emanate from continued and expanded use of domestic coal. It identifies and quantifies those trace elements specified in the US 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, by tabulating selected characterization data on various source coals by region, state, and rank. On the basis of measurements by various researchers, this report also identifies those organic compounds likely to be derived from the coal combustion process (although their formation is highly dependent on specific boiler configurations and operating conditions).
Date:
September 1992
Creator:
Szpunar, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air toxic emissions from the combustion of coal: Identifying and quantifying hazardous air pollutants from US coals
This report addresses the key air toxic emissions likely to emanate from continued and expanded use of domestic coal. It identifies and quantifies those trace elements specified in the US 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, by tabulating selected characterization data on various source coals by region, state, and rank. On the basis of measurements by various researchers, this report also identifies those organic compounds likely to be derived from the coal combustion process (although their formation is highly dependent on specific boiler configurations and operating conditions).
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Szpunar, C.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternating-phase focusing: A model to study nonlinear dynamics
We discuss a new model to study alternating-phase focusing (APF). Our approach is based on representing the accelerating electric field with a continuous phase modulated traveling wave. The resulting nonlinear equations of motion can be solved analytically to predict the regions of stable APF motion. We also identify the key parameters which adequately describe the physics of APF. The model is believed to be applicable to low-{beta} ion linacs with short independently-controlled superconducting cavities being developed at ANL.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Sagalovsky, L. & Delayen, J. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative non-CFC mobile air conditioning
Concern about the destruction of the global environment by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) fluids has become an impetus in the search for alternative, non-CFC refrigerants and cooling methods for mobile air conditioning (MAC). While some alternative refrigerants have been identified, they are not considered a lasting solution because of their high global warming potential, which could result in their eventual phaseout. In view of this dilemma, environmentally acceptable alternative cooling methods have become important. This report, therefore, is aimed mainly at the study of alternative automotive cooling methodologies, although it briefly discusses the current status of alternative refrigerants. The alternative MACs can be divided into work-actuated and heat-actuated systems. Work-actuated systems include conventional MAC, reversed Brayton air cycle, rotary vane compressor air cycle, Stirling cycle, thermoelectric (TE) cooling, etc. Heat-actuated MACs include metal hydride cooling, adsorption cooling, ejector cooling, absorption cycle, etc. While we are better experienced with some work-actuated cycle systems, heat-actuated cycle systems have a high potential for energy savings with possible waste heat applications. In this study, each altemative cooling method is discussed for its advantages and its limits.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Mei, V. C.; Chen, F. C. & Kyle, D. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative non-CFC mobile air conditioning
Concern about the destruction of the global environment by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) fluids has become an impetus in the search for alternative, non-CFC refrigerants and cooling methods for mobile air conditioning (MAC). While some alternative refrigerants have been identified, they are not considered a lasting solution because of their high global warming potential, which could result in their eventual phaseout. In view of this dilemma, environmentally acceptable alternative cooling methods have become important. This report, therefore, is aimed mainly at the study of alternative automotive cooling methodologies, although it briefly discusses the current status of alternative refrigerants. The alternative MACs can be divided into work-actuated and heat-actuated systems. Work-actuated systems include conventional MAC, reversed Brayton air cycle, rotary vane compressor air cycle, Stirling cycle, thermoelectric (TE) cooling, etc. Heat-actuated MACs include metal hydride cooling, adsorption cooling, ejector cooling, absorption cycle, etc. While we are better experienced with some work-actuated cycle systems, heat-actuated cycle systems have a high potential for energy savings with possible waste heat applications. In this study, each altemative cooling method is discussed for its advantages and its limits.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Mei, V. C.; Chen, F. C. & Kyle, D. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 92, No. 145, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 1, 1992
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Lomenick, Rick
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Alvin Sun (Alvin, Tex.), Vol. 102, No. 11, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 1, 1992
Semiweekly newspaper from Alvin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Gilmore, Robert K. & Hamilton, Gerald
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Analyses for conversion of the Georgia Tech Research Reactor from HEU to LEU fuel
This document presents information concerning: analyses for conversion of the Georgia Tech Research Reactor from HEU to LEU; changes to technical specifications mandated by the conversion of the GTRR to low enrichment fuel; changes in the Safety Analysis Report mandated by the conversion of the GTRR to low enrichment fuel; and copies of all changed pages of the SAR and the technical specifications.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Matos, J. E.; Mo, S. C. & Woodruff, W. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of liquid-solids suspension velocities and concentrations obtained by NMR imaging
COMMIX-M, a three-dimensional transient and steady-state computer program written in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates, has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory. This computer program is capable of analyzing multiphase flow and heat transfer and utilizes the separate phases model wherein each phase has its own mass, momentum, and energy equations. This computer program is in its early stages of development for application to test various interphase interaction models and to predict design and processing of dense fluid-solids suspension systems. COMMIX-M contains preliminary constitutive relationships for interfacial drag, solids viscosities and stresses to describe the solids rheology, and shear lift forces from the literature. Also included is a solids partial slip boundary condition to allow non-zero tangential velocity at the tube walls. Analyses of some of the steady-state, fully-developed isothermal carrier fluid velocity and solids concentration data of Altobelli et al. and Sinton and Chow are presented. These experimental data obtained using three-dimensional time-of-flight nuclear magnetic (NMR) imaging techniques were carefully performed and represent some of the best available open literature data of their kind. NMR imaging offers powerful techniques to non-intrusively determine three-dimensional time-dependent velocity and concentration fields to assist development and validation of the constitutive models and the computer …
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Ding, Jianmin; Lyczkowski, Robert W.; Sha, William T.; Altobelli, Stephen A. & Fukushima, Eiichi
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of liquid-solids suspension velocities and concentrations obtained by NMR imaging
COMMIX-M, a three-dimensional transient and steady-state computer program written in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates, has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory. This computer program is capable of analyzing multiphase flow and heat transfer and utilizes the separate phases model wherein each phase has its own mass, momentum, and energy equations. This computer program is in its early stages of development for application to test various interphase interaction models and to predict design and processing of dense fluid-solids suspension systems. COMMIX-M contains preliminary constitutive relationships for interfacial drag, solids viscosities and stresses to describe the solids rheology, and shear lift forces from the literature. Also included is a solids partial slip boundary condition to allow non-zero tangential velocity at the tube walls. Analyses of some of the steady-state, fully-developed isothermal carrier fluid velocity and solids concentration data of Altobelli et al. and Sinton and Chow are presented. These experimental data obtained using three-dimensional time-of-flight nuclear magnetic (NMR) imaging techniques were carefully performed and represent some of the best available open literature data of their kind. NMR imaging offers powerful techniques to non-intrusively determine three-dimensional time-dependent velocity and concentration fields to assist development and validation of the constitutive models and the computer …
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Ding, J.; Lyczkowski, R. W.; Sha, W. T.; Altobelli, S. A. & Fukushima, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of PIUS reactor passive shutdown using PC-based model
A simplified model of the PIUS 600 Reactor System is described and results form two event simulations are discussed, and compared with ABB`s predicted results. The model is based on a BWR Plant Analyzer developed by BNL, with PIUS-specific models added for the density locks. Initial results support the effectiveness of the passive reactor shutdown, although some significant power oscillations occur before the shutdown is completed.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Cheng, H. S. & Van Tuyle, G. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the optics of the Final Focus Test Beam using Lie algebra based techniques
This report discusses the analysis of the beam optics of the final focus test beam at the Stanford Linear Collider using Lie algebra. (LSP).
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Roy, G.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the optics of the Final Focus Test Beam using Lie algebra based techniques
This report discusses the analysis of the beam optics of the final focus test beam at the Stanford Linear Collider using Lie algebra. (LSP).
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Roy, G. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of thermally-stable electron transport factors from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrodictium brockii
The mechanisms by which hyperthermophilic archaebacteria grow and carry out metabolic functions at elevated temperatures have yet to be determined. The objective of this work is to develop an understanding of the metabolic characteristics of, and the electron transport enzymes involved in, hydrogen/sulfur transformation by hyperthermophilic archaebacteria. Efforts focus on the autotrophic H{sub 2}-oxidizing bacterium, Pyrodictium brockii which has an optimum growth temperature of 105{degrees}C. Biochemical and genetic characterization of enzymes involved in hydrogen oxidizing electron transport pathway. These including investigating the role of the membrane lipids in protecting the hydrogenase enzyme from thermal inactivation, characterization of a quinone and a c-type cytochrome, and analysis of the topology in the membrane in the net energy generating components are reported. The long-term goal is to understand some of the factors contributing to the biochemical basis of extreme thermophily.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of thermally-stable electron transport factors from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrodictium brockii. Progress report
The mechanisms by which hyperthermophilic archaebacteria grow and carry out metabolic functions at elevated temperatures have yet to be determined. The objective of this work is to develop an understanding of the metabolic characteristics of, and the electron transport enzymes involved in, hydrogen/sulfur transformation by hyperthermophilic archaebacteria. Efforts focus on the autotrophic H{sub 2}-oxidizing bacterium, Pyrodictium brockii which has an optimum growth temperature of 105{degrees}C. Biochemical and genetic characterization of enzymes involved in hydrogen oxidizing electron transport pathway. These including investigating the role of the membrane lipids in protecting the hydrogenase enzyme from thermal inactivation, characterization of a quinone and a c-type cytochrome, and analysis of the topology in the membrane in the net energy generating components are reported. The long-term goal is to understand some of the factors contributing to the biochemical basis of extreme thermophily.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis, Volume 13, Number 9, September 1992
Periodic newsletter discussing information related to legislation, state finance, and other topics related to Texas government. This issue focuses on clean air requirements, their impact on small businesses, small business assistance, recommendations, and more.
Date:
September 1992
Creator:
Texas Research League
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Analytical prediction of thermal performance of hypervapotron and its application to ITER
A hypervapotron (HV) is a water cooled device made of high thermal conductivity material such as copper. A surface heat flux of up to 30 MW/m{sup 2} has been achieved in copper hypervapotrans cooled by water at a velocity of 10 m/s and at a pressure of six bar. Hypervapotrons have been used in the past as beam dumps at the Joint European Torus (JET). It is planned to use them for diverter cooling during Mark II upgrade of the JET. Although a large amount of experimental data has been collected on these devices, an analytical performance prediction has not been done before due to the complexity of the heat transfer mechanisms. A method to analytically predict the thermal performance of the hypervapotron is described. The method uses a combination of a number of thermal hydraulic correlations and a finite element analysis. The analytical prediction shows an excellent agreement with experimental results over a wide range of velocities, pressures, subcooling, and geometries. The method was used to predict the performance of hypervapotron made of beryllium. Merits for the use of hypervapotrons for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) are discussed.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Baxi, C. B. (General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)) & Falter, H. (JET Joint Undertaking, Abingdon (United Kingdom))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytical prediction of thermal performance of hypervapotron and its application to ITER
A hypervapotron (HV) is a water cooled device made of high thermal conductivity material such as copper. A surface heat flux of up to 30 MW/m{sup 2} has been achieved in copper hypervapotrans cooled by water at a velocity of 10 m/s and at a pressure of six bar. Hypervapotrons have been used in the past as beam dumps at the Joint European Torus (JET). It is planned to use them for diverter cooling during Mark II upgrade of the JET. Although a large amount of experimental data has been collected on these devices, an analytical performance prediction has not been done before due to the complexity of the heat transfer mechanisms. A method to analytically predict the thermal performance of the hypervapotron is described. The method uses a combination of a number of thermal hydraulic correlations and a finite element analysis. The analytical prediction shows an excellent agreement with experimental results over a wide range of velocities, pressures, subcooling, and geometries. The method was used to predict the performance of hypervapotron made of beryllium. Merits for the use of hypervapotrons for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) are discussed.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Baxi, C. B. & Falter, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Anion-exchange resin-based desulfurization process. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992
The University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) has contracted to further develop its anion-exchange, resin-based desulfurization concept to desulfurize alkali metal sulfates. From environmental as well as economic viewpoints, it is necessary to remove soluble sulfates from the wastes created by flue gas desulfudization systems. In order to do this economically, a low-cost desulfurization process for spent sorbents is necessary. UTSl`s anion exchange resin-based desulfudization concept is believed to satisfy these requirements. We have nearly completed the process variables study in which we have evaluated the effects of seven major process variables. At present, we are analyzing the data using the fixed bed math model used in our earlier study. We have also initiated the batch mode resin regeneration experiments to identity optimum conditions for the fixed bed regeneration. Similarly, we are also continuing with our efforts to determine the trade-off between the solution concentration and the evaporation/concentration load.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Sheth, A. C.; Strevel, S. D. & Dharmapurikar, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ANL`s research and development of alternative components for MCFC`s
Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) systems are currently limited by several technical problems. The objectives of this project are to focus on these problems and develop materials . and cell components that will ameliorate or eliminate them. Specifically, new ceramic materials are being investigated for dimensionally stable electrode materials with improved chemical and electrochemical properties over the present NiO cathode and Ni/Cr and Ni/Al anodes. Also, altemative electrolyte formulations to the present Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}-K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} are being studied.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Kucera, G. H.; Brown, A. P.; Roche, M.; Chu, D. & Indacochea, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annual report of the Environmental Restoration Monitoring and Assessment Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for FY 1992
This report summarizes the salient features of the annual efforts of the investigations and monitoring, conducted to support the Environmental Restoration (ER) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The results presented can be used to develop a conceptual understanding of the key contaminants and the sources, fluxes, and processes affecting their distribution and movement. This information forms a basis for prioritizing sites and for selecting, implementing, and evaluating remedial actions. Groundwater, soils, sediments, and surface water monitoring results are described.
Date:
September 1, 1992
Creator:
Clapp, R.B. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library