U.S. citizenship is conferred at birth under the principle of jus soli (nationality of place of birth) and the principle of jus sanguinis (nationality of parents). The U.S. Constitution states as a fundamental rule of jus soli citizenship that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." The exceptions to universal citizenship comprehended by the requirement that a person be born "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" include: (1) children born to a foreign sovereign or accredited diplomatic official; (2) children born on a foreign public vessel, such as a warship; (3) children born to an alien enemy in hostile occupation; and (4) native Indians.

This report describes the CTCN computer code, designed to solve the equations of transient colloidal transport of radionuclides in porous and fractured media. This Fortran 77 package solves systems of coupled nonlinear differential equations with a wide range of boundary conditions. The package uses the Method of Lines technique with a special section which forms finite-difference discretizations in up to four spatial dimensions to automatically convert the system into a set of ordinary differential equations. The CTCN code then solves these equations using a robust, efficient ODE solver. Thus CTCN can be used to solve population balance equations along with the usual transport equations to model colloid transport processes or as a general problem solver to treat up to four-dimensional differential systems.

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Compilation of monthly reports from departments in the city of San Antonio, Texas providing statistics, project updates, and other information about services and activities.

Compilation of monthly reports from departments in the city of San Antonio, Texas providing statistics, project updates, and other information about services and activities.

Document providing a correction to the monthly permit report of July 1992.

Fixed Mask 1 (FM1) and Photon Shutter 2 (PS2) are two of the critical elements on the front end of the beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) now under construction at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). FMl and PS2 use an enhanced heat transfer tube developed at ANL. Due to a high localized thermal gradient on these components, inclined geometry is used in their design to spread the footprint of the x-ray beam. Complete closed form solutions for steady state conditions have been developed for the analyses of the thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of FMl and PS2. A modified Manson-Coffin fatigue relation is proposed to predict the predict the thermal fatigue. The maximum temperatures and maximum effective stresses have been parametrically studied. Fatigue-failure life predictions are presented for the FM1 and PS2 designs.

The Automatic Dialing system purchased by D0 is intended to help make the D0 cryogenic system operate unattended by cryogenic operating personnel. The auto dialer is completely programmable and is voice synthesized. The auto dialer was purchased with 32 bistable inputs, but is expandable to 64 bistable inputs with the purchase of more electronic cards at an approximate cost of $260 per card (8 bistable inputs). The auto dialer also has the capability for analog inputs, analog outputs, and bistable outputs none of which D0 uses or intends to use. The auto dialer can be called on its operating phone line to describe current alarms with the proper password. The Auto Dialer can dial lab extensions, lab pagers, and any number outside the lab. It cannot dial a long distance pager. The auto dialer monitors alarms and alarm conditions via the T1565 PLC, upon an alarm condition it initiates a phone calling sequence of preprogrammed lists with assigned priorities. When someone is reached, the auto dialer describes the individual alarm it is calling for, by a preprogrammed set of words for that individual alarm, spoken by a female voice. The called person then has a chance to acknowledge the alarm …

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A level 2.5w deep convection updraft/downdraft parameterization scheme has been refined and tested against 3D simulations of sea-breeze generated convection over S. Florida. Cases for explicit simulation of MCSs in mid-latitudes and tropics have been encouraging. After a few refinements in those cases, fine resolution explicit simualtions of deep convection and mesoscale, stratiform clouds will be begun.

This document provides a meeting record of the Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) working meeting to discuss progress on old issues and further required actions regarding environmental impacts of the Savannah River Facility. (FI)

To successfully provide beam to experiments from the Tevatron requires that we be able to perform many distinct operations on the internal accelerator beam. These include injecting beam, correcting the orbit, accelerating and then squeezing or extracting the beam. To perform many of these operations we depend on a knowledge of the lattice functions at various points in the lattice. The values of the lattice functions used in calculating the value for a bump or for the setting of a corrector come from a computer model of the Tevatron. If the model does not give the correct values of the lattice functions then the desired operation may not be performed correctly. It is therefore important that we be able to experimentally verify our model of the Tevatron. With the installation of the new low-{Beta} magnets at B0, and the modifications of the lattice at D0, it is necessary that we measure the {beta} functions at different locations in the lattice and compare them with the values calculated from our model.

In presence of glass in grain boundaries greatly enhances sintering, in part, because transport of matter along and across the intergranular regions is faster. The glass does not simply act as a catalyst but also changes the character of the interfacial regions. In particular, it tends to encourage faceting of the grains; the scale of this faceting may vary from nanometers to microns. After processing, the glass may remain as a thin layer in the interface during preparation of the polycrystalline compact as was initially demonstrated for Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and proposed for other ceramics. The glass may also crystallize to form an intergranular crystalline layer or it may withdraw from the planar interfaces into three-grain and four-grain junctions (the dewetting process). The present program has begun to examine how glass affects and interacts with crystalline ceramics. The main aim of the program is to examine how glass moves into and out of grain boundaries and why this movement takes. By understanding this process we will be better able to control this important aspect of many ceramic materials. Since TEM is the main tool used in this investigation, we will continue to develop methods for analyzing interfaces as part of …

This quarterly report discusses the technical progress of an Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) demonstration of advanced wall-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from coal-fired boilers. The project is being conducted at Georgia Power Company's Plant Hammond Unit 4 located near Rome, Georgia. The primary goal of this project is the characterization of the low NO{sub x} combustion equipment through the collection and analysis of long-term emissions data. A target of achieving fifty percent NO{sub x} reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project. The project provides a stepwise retrofit of an Advanced Overfire Air (AOFA) system followed by Low NO{sub x} Burners (LNB). During each test phase of the project, diagnostic, performance, long-term, and verification testing will be performed. These tests are used to quantify the NO{sub x} reductions of each technology and evaluate the effects of those reductions on other combustion parameters such as particulate characteristics and boiler efficiency.

Following a long period of theoretical interest, but only limited measurements, there has recently been an increased number of attempts to expand the relative paucity of experimental information on the structure of liquid surfaces using techniques as diverse as ellipsometry, micro-force balances, non-linear optics, Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray scattering. Our group has played a leading role in the currently expanding application of scattering techniques to the general problem of characterizing the microscopic structure of liquid surfaces and we propose here that this work be extended specifically to liquid metals. In the following sections we will briefly describe the salient features of x-ray scattering that are relevant to the current project, the progress that we have made in the current grant period and the work that we propose to carry out in the forthcoming grant period.

The goal of this project is to develop a bench-scale procedure to produce clean, desulfurized, premium-quality chars from the Illinois basin coals. This goal is achieved by utilizing the effective capabilty of smectites in combination with methane to manipulate the char yields. The major objectives are: to determine the optimum water- ground particle size for the maximum reduction of pyrite and minerals by the selective-bitumen agglomeration process; to evaluate the type of smectite and its interlamellar cation which enhances the premium-quality char yields; to find the mode of dispersion of smectites in clean coal which retards the agglomeration of char during mild gasification; to probe the conditions that maximize the desulfurized clean-char yields under a combination of methane+oxygen or helium+oxygen; to characterize and accomplish a material balance of chars, liquids, and gases produced during mild gasification; to identify the conditions which reject dehydrated smectites from char by the gravitational separation technique; and to determine the optimum seeding of chars with polymerized maltene for flammability and transportation.

This research program is directed toward a more fundamental understanding of the effects of catalyst composition and structure on the catalytic properties of metal oxides. Metal oxide catalysts play an important role in many reactions bearing on the chemical aspects of energy processes. Metal oxides are the catalysts for water-gas shift reactions, methanol and higher alcohol synthesis, isosynthesis, selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxides, and oxidation of hydrocarbons. A key limitation to developing insight into how oxides function in catalytic reactions is in not having precise information of the surface composition under reaction conditions. To address this problem we have prepared oxide systems that can be used to study cation-cation effects and the role of bridging (-O-) and/or terminal (=O) surface oxygen anion ligands in a systematic fashion. Since many oxide catalyst systems involve mixtures of oxides, we selected a model system that would permit us to examine the role of each cation separately and in pairwise combinations. Organometallic molybdenum and tungsten complexes were proposed for use, to prepare model systems consisting of isolated monomeric cations, isolated monometallic dimers and isolated bimetallic dimers supported on silica and alumina. The monometallic and bimetallic dimers were to be used as models of …

The goal of the investigation presented in this report is to study the inter-relationship between electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction kinetics, defect structure, and composition of n- and p-type binary and ternary transition metal oxides. The experimental part of the investigation included specimen preparation, thermogravimetric measurements, X-ray diffraction, thermally stimulated current, DTA/TGA, optical absorption, transmission electron microscopy, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck measurements. The systems studied or being studied are LaMnO{sub 3}-LaCrO{sub 3}-LaCrO{sub 3}, (La,Ca)(Mn,Al)O{sub 3}, Y{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CrO{sub 3}, YMnO{sub 3}-CaMnO{sub 3}, and LaMnO{sub 3}-CaMnO{sub 3}.

This quarterly report discusses the technical progress of a US Department of Energy (DOE) Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) Project demonstrating advanced tangentially-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from a coal-fired boiler. The project is being conducted at Gulf Power Company's Plant Lansing Smith Unit 2 located near Panama City, Florida. The primary objective of this demonstration is to determine the long-term effects of commercially available tangentially-fired low NO{sub x} combustion technologies on NO{sub x} emissions and boiler performance. A target of achieving fifty percent NO{sub x} reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project.

Thermal flowmeters (more accurately described as hot wire anamometers) have been installed in the Salt Process Cell (SPC) at the Savannah River Site to measure in-cell process flows. However, upon investigating the effect of composition on thermal flow meters, it was concluded that determining a priori correction factors is a very complicated process requiring fairly precise knowledge of the vapor composition and the meter characteristics. It is recommended that DWPF estimate air enleakage using a test procedure similar to one being developed in the Precipitate Hydrolysis Experimental Facility (PHEF) which circumvents the correction problem by in situ calibration, and develop a profile which characterizes air inleakaqe as a function of [Delta]P to be used in conjunction with the inleakage test procedure. The recommended test procedure has some distinct advantages over the simple material balance approach. More detailed information on the characteristics of thermal flow meters the recommended air inleakage test procedure, and the inleakage profile are discussed in this report.

This report summarizes the Savannah River Site (SRS) groundwater monitoring program conducted during the first quarter of 1992. It includes the analytical data, field data, data review, quality control, and other documentation for this program; provides a record of the program's activities; and serves as an official document of the analytical results.

Three kinds of experiments were performed: modified random network model and ion movement; role of melt structure in ion transport in glassy state; and ion movement in fluorozirconate glass (breakdown of correspondence between electrical and nuclear spin relaxation). A comment is offered on dielectric loss peak in glasses. 11 refs, 1 fig. (DLC)

The Passamaquoddy Technology Recovery Scrubber{trademark} has been built and is being demonstrated on-line at the Dragon Products Plant in Thomaston, Maine. This Innovative Clean Coal Technology is using waste cement kiln dust (CKD) to scrub sulfur dioxide, some NO{sub x}, as well as a small amount of carbon dioxide from a coal burning kiln exhaust flue gas. The process also enables the cement plant to reuse the treated CKD, eliminating the need to landfill this material. Potassium, the offending contaminant in the CKD, is extracted in a useful form, potassium sulfate, which is used as a fertilizer. These useful products generate income from operation of this Recovery Scrubber. System start-up was begun in late December of 1990. At that time, several mechanical problems were encountered. These relatively minor problems were resolved enabling Phase III to begin on August 20, 1991. While inefficiencies are still being worked out, major program objectives are being met. Resolution of remaining operability problems is well in hand and should not hamper attainment of all project goals.

Progress is reported on the following projects: adsorption of water vapor on reservoir rocks, estimation of adsorption parameters from experimental data, heat of desorption and reservoir behavior, physics of injection into vapor-dominated reservoirs, earthtide effects on downhole pressures, and pressure transient and tracer test analysis in heterogeneous reservoirs.