A specially designed and fabricated one-dimensional compression cell is being used to extract water from nonwelded and densely welded tuffs having degrees of saturation greater than 16 and 37 percent respectively. Chemical analyses of pore water obtained at increasing pressures are used to evaluate possible changes in chemistry caused by compression. The extracted pore water varies form a calcium chloride type to a sodium bicarbonate type. The mean concentration of dissolved ions generally decreases during compression. The relative abundance of the major cations varies little with increasing pressure. Possible causes of the pore-water-chemistry changes include: (1) dilution of pore water by low ionic strength adsorbed water from zeolites and clays; (2) dissolution reactions caused by the increase in dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations that may result from pressurization; (3) membrane filtration by zeolites and clays; and (4) ion exchange with the zeolites and clays.

Studies done in 1984, at a central site on Franklin Lake playa (also known as Alkali Flat, a major discharge area of the ground-water flow system that includes Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the potential site of a high-level nuclear-waste repository) yield limited hydraulic-head and hydrochemical data from a 3-piezometer nest which indicated a slightly downward hydraulic gradient ({minus}0.02) and decreasing concentration of dissolved solids with increasing depth. Hydraulic-head measurements in June, 1989 made at the piezometer nest showed a substantially larger downward gradient ({minus}0.10) and a 0. 83{minus}meter higher water level in the shallowest piezometer (3.29 meters deep), indicating the possibility of localized recharge. during the period of September-November, 1989, a multilevel sampler was used to obtain detailed hydrochemical profiles of the uppermost 1. 5 m of the saturated zone.

We discuss nonleptonic two-body decays of lambda(sub)b baryons, which may be studied in the near future at colliders.

Contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, strange quarks in the nucleon, and nuclear structure effects to the left-right asymmetry measured in parity-violating (PV) electron scattering from 12C and the proton are discussed. It is shown how lack of knowledge of the distribution of strange quarks in the nucleon, as well as theoretical uncertainties associated with higher-order dispersion amplitudes and nuclear isospin-mixing, enter the extraction of new limits on the electroweak parameters S and T from these PV observables. It is found that a series of elastic PV electron scattering measurements using 4He could significantly constrain the s-quark electric form factor if other theoretical issues are resolved. Such contraints would reduce the associated form factor uncertainty in the carbon and proton asymmetries below a level needed to permit extraction of interesting low-energy constraints on S and T from these observables. For comparison, the much smaller scale of s-quar

We use the heavy quark effective theory to investigate the form factors that describe the semileptonic decays of a B meson into excited daughter mesons.For an excited daughter meson with charm, a single form factor is needed at leading order, while five form factors and two dimensionful constants are needed to order 1/m(sub)c in the heavy quark expansion.For non-charmed final states, a total of four form factors are needed at leading order.For the process B ->D^(*)Xlv, four form factors are also needed at leading order.

High resolution, continuous wave lasers have been utilized successfully in studies of small molecules. Examples of two-photon excitation schemes and of multiple resonance excitation sequences will be discussed within the framework of the spectroscopy and dynamics of selected Rydberg states of nitric oxide. Initial results on the circular dichroism of angular distributions in photoelectron spectra of individual hyperfine states of cesium will also be discussed, but no data given.

Prototypical circuits of a low power gated integrator for use with germanium gamma-ray spectrometers in remote locations have been developed. The gated integrator is constructed from three very simple sub circuits. With a power consumption of <250mW the low count rate spectroscopy performance of this gated integrator is comparable to that of a conventional pulse shaping amplifier at energies of 1 MeV and greater.

We discuss drift chamber tracking with a commercial log VLSI neural network chip. Voltages proportional to the drift times in a 4-layer drift chamber were presented to the Intel ETANN chip. The network was trained to provide the intercept and slope of straight tracks traversing the chamber. The outputs were recorded and later compared off line to conventional track fits. Two types of network architectures were studied. Applications of neural network tracking to high energy physics detector triggers is discussed.

We present magnetization measurements at ambient pressure on [kappa]-(ET)[sub 2]Cu[N(CN)[sub 2]]Cl, an organic salt that is superconducting under pressure ([Tc] = 12.8 K at 0.3 kbar). An antiferromagnetic transition near 45 K and, for the first time in this class of materials, a transition near 22 K to a state displaying weak ferromagnetic hysteresis with a saturation moment of 8 x 10 [sup [minus]4][mu][sub B]/formula are observed. This low temperature state is characterized by a sequence of first order magnetization jumps.

A ring designed to recycle ions through a stripping medium offers the possibility for increasing output of the desired charge state by up to 4x. This could be a very important component of a Radioactive Nuclear Beam Facility. In order for such a ring to work effectively it must satisfy certain design conditions. These include achromaticity at the stripper, a dispersed region for an extraction magnet, and a number of first and higher order optics constraints which are necessary to insure that the beam emittance is not degraded unduly by the ring. An example is given of a candidate design of a stripping ring.

A chemical mechanism for the reduction of NO[sub x] by HNCO has been constructed to model NO[sub x] reduction in exhausts typical of natural gas combustion with the addition of radical boosters (fuel). Variables considered were the initial concentrations of NO, NO[sub 2], CO, O[sub 2], CH[sub 4], H[sub 2], and HNCO as well as initial temperatures. The chemical model was validated by comparing results with earlier model calculations of Miller and Bowman and with the experiments of Caton and Siebers and Lyon and Cole. Agreement with experiments was satisfactory. The reduction chemistry must be preceded by thermal ignition chemistry which generates radicals. The lowest temperature for which ignition occurs is the optimum temperature for reduction and defines the beginning of the temperature window. Reduction was not achieved for the natural gas exhaust'' for a reasonable residence time. Additional H[sub 2] added to the exhaust mixture enhanced reduction, but the addition of CO and CH[sub 4] did not. Under some conditions the computed sensitivity coefficient for nitrogen species and temperature exhibited self-similarity. Four reaction paths were identified which controlled the fate of the NO: the conversion of NO to NO[sub 2] via HO[sub 2], the conversion of NO[sub 2] to …

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Federal Relighting Initiative (FRI), under the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), has developed a comprehensive process to assist federal agencies in meeting the nation's energy mandate. This mandate states that federal facilities must use 20% less energy by the year 2000, based on 1985 consumption levels. Because lighting accounts for about 40% of total federal electricity consumption, the FRI was conceived to help reduce energy use in this important area while improving lighting quality and increasing productivity through relighting. Selected federal rules and regulations provide guidance on the types of energy efficiency techniques required, life-cycle costing methods and lighting levels that should be employed to achieve the federal mandate. Although the central focus of this paper is on the environment, this paper takes the perspective that the energy efficiency gains achieved through the FRI would produce both environmental and economic benefits for the United States. For example, improvements in energy efficiency would reduce electricity demand, and would consequently reduce the emissions associated with fossil fuel combustion for power production. These reduced emissions include carbon dioxide, which is associated with the potential for global climate change, and heavy metals, which pose a potential health threat to …

We have searched for exotic particles in p[bar p] collisions at 1.8 TeV in data taken with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We review our published limits on W[prime] and Z[prime] masses, and on the scale of lepton-quark compositeness. We also report preliminary mass limits based on searches for leptoquarks, supersymmetric quarks and gluons, and exotic, stable colored fermions.

The liquid argon calorimeter (LAC) of the SLD detector is a parallel plate -- liquid argon sampling calorimeter, used to measure particle energies in Z[sup 0] decays at the Stanford Linear Collider. The LAC module design is based on a unique projective tower structure, in which lead plates and segmented lead tiles serve both as absorbers and electrodes. The LAC front end electronics incorporates several novel features, including extensive multiplexing and optical fiber readout, which take advantage of the low SLC beam crossing frequency. The operational performance of the LAC during the recently completed SLD physics run (which recorded over 10,000 Z[sup 0] events) is discussed.

Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a Phase I aging assessment of the standby liquid control (SLC) system used in boiling-water reactors. The study was based on detailed reviews of SLC system component and operating experience information obtained from the Nuclear Plant Reliability Database System, the Nuclear Document System, Licensee Event Reports, and other databases. Sources dealing with sodium pentaborate, borates, boric acid, and the effects of environment and corrosion in the SLC system were reviewed to characterize chemical properties and corrosion characteristics of borated solutions. The leading aging degradation concern to date appears to be setpoint drift in relief valves, which has been discovered during routine surveillance and is thought to be caused by mechanical wear. Degradation was also observed in pump seals and internal valves. In general, however, the results of the Phase I study suggest that age-related degradation of SLC systems has not been serious.

A fully integrated system for the diagnosis and repair of data acquisition hardware in FASTBUS, VME and CAMAC is described. A short cost/benefit analysis of using a distributed network of personal computers for diagnosis is presented. The SPUDS (Single Platform Uniting Diagnostic Software) software package developed at Fermilab by the authors is introduced. Examples of how SPUDS is currently used in the Fermilab equipment repair facility, as an evaluation tool and for field diagnostics are given.

This paper describes the methodology used for developing performance demonstration tests for steam generator tube eddy current (ET) inspection systems. The methodology is based on statistical design principles. Implementation of a performance demonstration test based on these design principles will help to ensure that field inspection systems have a high probability of detecting and correctly sizing tube degradation. The technical basis for the ET system performance thresholds is presented. Probability of detection and flaw sizing tests are described.

The accelerator physics and technology of hadron colliders, heavy quark factories, and linear colliders are reviewed. The status and performance of major high energy accelerators are summarized.

An Autonomous Expendable Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Profiler (AXCTD) for profiling temperature, conductivity, pressure, and other parameters in remote oceanic regions is described. The AXCTD is a microcomputer-controlled sensor package that can be deployed by unskilled operators from ships or aircraft. It records two CTD profiles (one during descent and another during ascent) and CTD times series while on the bottom and adrift at the surface. Recorded data are transmitted to an ARGOS satellite with ground-positioning capabilities. The AXCTD can provide sea truth'' for remote sensing, perform environmental and military surveillance missions, and acquire time-series and synoptic data for computer models.

A wide variety of layered materials have been found to be superconducting. Among these are graphite intercalation donor compounds, transition metal dichalcogenides, intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, organic layered superconductors, artificial superlattices, and the cuprates. The normal state properties of all of these compounds are very similar, due to the fact that they all have well-defined Fermi surfaces, and quasi-linear in-plane resistivities at high temperatures. At lower temperatures, charge- or spin-density waves are common in these systems. With the exception of the graphite intercalation compounds, all of the fayered superconductors are type-II, and generally highly anisotropic in their superconducting properties. Dimensional crossover from anisotropic bulk to thin film behavior is common to many of these materials.

Ag-clad Bi[sub 2]Sr[sub 2]CaCu[sub 2]O[sub x] (2212) and (Bi,Pb)[sub 2]Sr[sub 2]Ca[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub x] (2223) tapes were fabricated by drawing and rolling. Highly textured microstructures and high critical current density values were obtained for each system. However, the heat treatments and phase evolutions for 2212 and 2223 were different. For 2212, nearly phase-pure powder was used, and the heat treatments consisted of partial melting followed by solid-state sintering. For 2223, several compositions, initial phases, and sintering schedules were used. Results are discussed in terms of microstructural evolution as observed by X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

The addition of photosensitive dopants to liquid argon greatly enhances the signal from heavily ionizing particles. Since binding energy losses we correlated with the heavily ionizing component in hadronic showers, the addition of photosensitive dopants has been suggested as a mechanism to tune the e/[pi] ratio in liquid argon calorimeters. A measurement was performed at the FNAL test beam, adding 4 ppM tetramethylgermanium to the D[phi] uranium-liquid argon calorimeter. An increase in response for electromagnetic and hadronic showers was observed, with no net change in the e/[pi] ratio.

A second series of monolithic preamplifiers based on epitaxial channel JFETs and intended for calorimetry at hadron colliders has been realized. The employed buried layer process has been upgraded, resulting in a lower pinch-off voltage and a reduced power dissipation. Results will be presented on noise, dynamic behavior and radiation damage. New versions of the preamplifier have been designed for both large capacitance detectors and for low capacitance pre-shower detectors.

This paper describes the software product, murmur,'' a message generation, reporting, display and logging software system that we have developed for use in data acquisition systems at Fermilab. murmur'' is a tool for the production and management of message reporting. Its usefulness ranges from software product development and maintenance to system level shakedown and diagnostics. murmur'' provides a VMS MESSAGE-like function code generation utility, a client routine package for sending these codes over the network to a central server, and a server which translates the codes into meaningful visual information, writes the information to a logfile and displays it on X windows. Information associated with message codes such as message text, message color, X display configuration and routing information, and other related information are kept in fast access keyed files and can be modified by a set of Motif based configuration editors. As a result, murmur'' provides advanced features such as popping up help when a displayed message is clicked on by the mouse and executing action'' shell scripts when selected messages are received by the server. The server and editors are written in C++ for extensibility and maintainability, and are currently available on Sun and SGI systems. The client …