Article on direct evidence for the amorphous silicon phase in visible photoluminescent porous silicon.

Article on semiclassical chaos, the uncertainty principle, and quantum dissipation.

Article on the utilization of cyanide as a nitrogenous substrate by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 and evidence for multiple pathways of metabolic conversion.

Samples of devitrified welded tuff near and away from the site of a heater test in Rainier Mesa were examined with regard to whole-rock radioelement abundances, microscopic distribution of U, and oxygen isotope ratios. Wholerock U averages between 4 and 5 ppM, and U is concentrated at higher levels secondary opaque minerals as well as in accessory grains. U in primary and secondary sites is most commonly associated with Mn phases, which average {approximately}30 ppM U in more uraniferous occurrences. This average is consistent and apparently unaffected by proximity to the heater. The Mn phases differ compositionally from Mn minerals in other NTS tuffs, usually containing abundant Fe, Ti, and sometimes Ce, and are often poorly crystalline. Oxygen isotope ratios show some depletion in {delta}{sup 18}O in tuff samples very close to the heater; this depletion is consistent with isotopic exchange between the tuff and interstitial water, but it may also reflect original heterogeneity in isotopic ratios of the tuff unrelated to the heater test. Seismic properties of several tuff samples were measured. Significant differences correlating with distance from the heater occur in P- and S-wave amplitudes; these may be due to loss of bound water. Seismic velocities are nearly …

Titrations of acidic solutions in waters from the tuff and carbonate aquifers at Yucca Mountain were simulated using the geochemical codes PHREEQE and EQ3/6. The simulations tested pH stability of the waters in the presence of different minerals and in their absence. Two acidic solutions, 10{sup {minus}4} HCl and 10{sup {minus}4}M UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}, were titrated in to the water. Little pH and/or compositional change resulted in the groundwater when the HCl solution was titrated, but significant pH and CO{sub 2} fugacity changes were observed when UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} was titrated. Water interactions with alkali feldspar, quartz or cristobalite, and Ca-smectite buffered the pH and compositional changes in the carbonate water and decreased the magnitude of pH and compositional changes when small volumes of UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} added to the tuffaceous waters.

To adequately manage the low level nuclear waste (LLW) repository in Area 5 of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), a knowledge of the water table under the site is paramount. The estimated thickness of the arid intermountain basin alluvium is roughly 900 feet. Very little reliable water table data for Area 5 currently exists. The Special Projects Section of the Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co., Inc. Waste Management Department is currently formulating a long-range drilling and sampling plan in support of a Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) Part B permit waiver for groundwater monitoring and liner systems. An estimate of the water table under the LLW repository, called the Radioactive Waste Management Site (RWMS) in Area 5, is needed for the drilling and sampling plan. Very old water table elevation estimates at about a dozen widely scattered test drill holes, as well as water wells, are available from declassified US Geological Survey, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory drilling logs. A three-dimensional steady-state water-flow equation for estimating the water table elevation under a thick, very dry vadose zone is developed using the Dupuit assumption. A prescribed positive vertical downward infiltration/evaporation condition is assumed at the atmosphere/soil interface. …

Assessing the suitability of Yucca Mtn., NV as a potential repository for high-level nuclear waste requires the means to simulate ion-exchange behavior of zeolites. Vanselow and Gapon convention cation-exchange models have been added to geochemical modeling codes EQ3NR/EQ6, allowing exchange to be modeled for up to three exchangers or a single exchanger with three independent sites. Solid-solution models that are numerically equivalent to the ion-exchange models were derived and also implemented in the code. The Gapon model is inconsistent with experimental adsorption isotherms of trace components in clinoptilolite. A one-site Vanselow model can describe adsorption of Cs or Sr on clinoptilolite, but a two-site Vanselow exchange model is necessary to describe K contents of natural clinoptilolites.

The Superconducting Super Collider`s Medium Energy Booster Abort (MEBA) kicker modulator will supply a current pulse to the abort magnets which deflect the proton beam from the MEB ring into a designated beam stop. The abort kicker will be used extensively during testing of the Low Energy Booster (LEB) and the MEB rings. When the Collider is in full operation, the MEBA kicker modulator will abort the MEB beam in the event of a malfunction during the filling process. The modulator must generate a 14-{mu}s wide pulse with a rise time of less than 1 {mu}s, including the delay and jitter times. It must also be able to deliver a current pulse to the magnet proportional to the beam energy at any time during ramp-up of the accelerator. Tracking the beam energy, which increases from 12 GeV at injection to 200 GeV at extraction, requires the modulator to operate over a wide range of voltages (4 kV to 80 kV). A vacuum spark gap and a thyratron have been chosen for test and evaluation as candidate switches for the abort modulator. Modulator design, switching time delay, jitter and pre-fire data are presented.

The electron quantum yields from barium cathodes excited by excimer laser radiation at 193, 248, 308, and 351 nm have been determined. Experiments with different cathode surface preparation techniques reveal that deposition of barium film a few microns thick on a clean copper surface under moderate vacuum conditions achieves relatively high quantum efficiencies. Quantum yields measured from surfaces prepared in this manner are 2.3 x 10{sup -3} at 193 nm, 7.6 x 10{sup - 4} at 248 nm, 6.1 x 10{sup -4} at 308 nm, and 4.0 x 10{sup -4} at 351 nm. Other preparation techniques, such as laser cleaning of a solid barium surface, produced quantum yields that were at least an order of magnitude lower than these values.

Cobalt foils and stainless steel samples were analyzed for induced {sup 6O}Co activity with both an ultra-low background germanium gamma-ray spectrometer and with a large NaI(Tl) multidimensional spectrometer, both of which use electronic anticoincidence shielding to reduce background counts resulting from cosmic rays. Aluminum samples were analyzed for {sup 22}Na. The results, in addition to the relative sensitivities and precisions afforded by the two methods, are presented.

A method is presented for solution in momentum space of the bound state problem with linear potential in r-space. The potential is unbounded at large r leading to a singularity at small q. The singularity is integrable, when regulated by exponentially screening the r-space potential, and is removed by a subtraction technique. The limit of zero screening is taken analytically, and numerical solution of the subtracted integral equation gives eigenvalues and wavefunctions in good agreement with position space calculations. The method generalises easily to arbitrary power law potentials.

Pion nucleon scattering up to 600 MeV lab kinetic energy is described by a manifestly covariant wave equation in which the pion is restricted to its mass-shell.The kernel of the equation includes nucleon (N), Roper (N*), delta, and D(sub)13 poles, with their corresponding crossed pole terms approximated by contact interactions, and contact sigma and rho-like exchange terms.The pi-NN vertex is treated as a mixture of gamma^5 and gamma^mu gamma^5 coupling, with a mixingparameter lambda chosen so that the dressed nucleon pole will be unshifted by the interaction.Chiral symmetry is maintained at threshold.The resonance contributions are fully unitarized by the equation, with their widths determined by the dynamics included in the model.The delta and D(sub)13 are treated as a pure spin 3/2 particles, with no spin 1/2 amplitude in the S-channel.The complete development of this model, which gives a very good fit to all the data up to 600 MeV, is presented.

New symmetries of the strong interactions appear in heavy quark physics. They can be used to predict many properties of hadrons containing a single heavy quark. Some of these predictions are expected to play an important role in determining the values of elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

We have designed and constructed a novel optical system capable of manipulating the orientation of the polarization direction. vector P, of a 100 keV beam of polarized electrons relative to the momentum vector, k, in an arbitrary manner. This spin manipulator is fully compatible with the UHV requirements of the photocathode sources that are typically used for accelerator-based experiments involving polarized electrons. We describe the design and operation of the system and its components, and document its performance.

Field-reversed configurations of energetic large orbit ions with neutralizing electrons have been proposed as the basis of a fusion reactor. Vlasov equilibria consisting of a ring or an annulus have been investigated. A stability analysis has been carried out for a long thin layer of energetic ions in a low density background plasma. There is a growing body of experimental evidence from tokamaks that energetic ions slow down and diffuse in accordance with classical theory in the presence of large non-thermal fluctuations and anomalous transport of low energy (10 keV) ions. Provided that major instabilities are under control, it seems likely that the design of a reactor featuring energetic self-colliding ion beams can be based on classical theory. In this case a confinement system that is much better than a tokamak is possible. Several methods are described for creating field reversed configurations with intense neutralized ion beams.

During the next two years, the Fermilab Tavatron is expected to deliver approximately 100pb{sup {minus}1} of integrated luminosity. We describe improvements to the CDF detector since the 1988--89 collider run and discuss the prospects for the discovery of the top quark during the 1992--93 collider runs.

In this paper, I describe a conceptual framework that uses DOE Order 5700.6C and more than 140 other DOE Orders as an integrated management system -- but I describe it within the context of the broader sociological and cultural issues of doing research at DOE funded facilities. The conceptual framework has two components. The first involves an interpretation of the 10 criteria of DOE 5700.6C that is tailored for a research environment. The second component involves using the 10 criteria as functional categories that orchestrate and integrate the other DOE Orders into a total management system. The Fermilab approach aims at reducing (or eliminating) the redundancy and overlap within the DOE Orders system at the contractor level.

Fast wave current drive (FWCD) is a principal candidate for non- inductive current drive schemes in reactors. Major experiments are in progress or planned on DIII-D, JET, and Tore-Supra. A theory for FWCD was presented by two of the authors and collaborators. To minimize computations required in transport simulations, and for analytical understanding, it is very useful to have a concise analytical efficiency formula. Fisch and Karney, and Ehst and Karney have obtained empirical formulae that fits numerical results for the Landau limit and Alfven limit; the latter fits results at 1 < Z{sub i} {le} 2. This paper extends a previous numerical study on FWCD at arbitrary frequencies and Z{sub i}. Analytical formulae for FWCD efficiency, valid for all frequencies and Z{sub i}, are derived using the adjoint technique in high and low phase velocity regions. A smooth patching between the two regions produces an analytical formula which is accurate for all frequencies, Z{sub i}, and phase velocities. Comparison with existing results will be discussed. A corollary of the present calculation is that a low phase velocities and in the Landau limit, the efficiency is the same as that calculated from the Lorentz model collision operator.

None

We review our investigations of defects produced in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} by various forms of irradiation. The defect microstructure has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Irradiation enhancements of flux pinning have been studied by SQUID magnetometry on single crystals. In many cases the same single crystals were used in both TEM and SQUID investigations. The primary atom recoil spectra for all the irradiations studied have been carefully calculated and used to correlate the TEM and magnetization results for the different types of irradiation. Correlation of annealing experiments, employing both TEM and SQUID measurements, among several types of irradiation has also yielded information on the different defect structures present. Defect densities, sizes and strain field anisotropies have been determined by TEM. Defect flux pinning anisotropies have been determined for two field orientations in twinned single crystals. The temperature dependences of the flux pinning have been measured. The maximum field of irreversibility at 70 K is shown to change markedly upon both neutron and proton irradiations in some crystals and not others. The defect structure, chemistry and location in the unit cell has been determined in some cases. Some interaction with existing defect structure has been observed in proton …

Recent progress in molecular-dynamics simulations of radiation-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition in intermetallic compounds and the relationship between amorphization and melting are discussed. By focusing on the mean-square static displacement, which provides a generic measure of energy stored in the lattice in the forms of chemical and topological disorder, a unified description of solid-state amorphization as a disorder-induced, isothermal melting process can be developed within the framework of a generalized Lindemann criterion.

One method of radio-frequency heating which shows theoretical promise for both heating and current drive in tokamak plasmas is the direct absorption by electrons of the fast Alfven wave (FW). Electrons can directly absorb fast waves via electron Landau damping and transit-time magnetic pumping when the resonance condition {omega} {minus} {kappa}{sub {parallel}e}{upsilon}{sup {parallel}e} = O is satisfied. Since the FW accelerates electrons traveling the same toroidal direction as the wave, plasma current can be generated non-inductively by launching FW which propagate in one toroidal direction. Fast wave current drive (FWCD) is considered an attractive means of sustaining the plasma current in reactor-grade tokamaks due to teh potentially high current drive efficiency achievable and excellent penetration of the wave power to the high temperature plasma core. Ongoing experiments on the DIII-D tokamak are aimed at a demonstration of FWCD in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). Using frequencies in the ICRF avoids the possibility of mode conversion between the fast and slow wave branches which characterized early tokamak FWCD experiments in the lower hybrid range of frequencies. Previously on DIII-D, efficient direct electron heating by FW was found using symmetric (non-current drive) antenna phasing. However, high FWCD efficiencies are not …

Single crystals of R{sub 1}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}}, (R=Y, Eu and Gd), have been irradiated with 0.4--1.0 MeV electrons in directions near the c-axis. An incident threshold electron energy for producing flux pinning defects has been found. In-situ TEM studies found no visible defects induced by electron irradiation. This means that point defects or small clusters ({le} 20 {Angstrom}) are responsible for the extra pinning. A consistent interpretation of the data suggests that the most likely pinning defect is the displacement of a Cu atom from the CuO{sub 2} planes.

The hyperoctahedral group B{sub n} is treated as the automorphism group of the n-dimensional hypercube, denoted Q{sub n}, which is nowadays understood to be a graph on 2{sup n} vertices. It is well-known that B{sub n} can be represented by the group of signed permutations. In other words, any signed permutation induces a permutation on the vertices of Q{sub n} which preserves adjacencies. Moreover, signed permutations also a permutation group on the edge of Q{sub n}, denoted H{sub n}. We study the cycle structures of both B{sub n} and H{sub n}. The technique proposed here is to determine the induced cycle structure of a signed permutation by the number of fixed vertices or fixed edges of a signed permutation in the cyclic group generated by a signed permutation of given type. Here we directly define the type of a signed permutation by a double partition based on its signed cycle decomposition. In this way, we obtain explicit formulas for the number of induced cycles on vertices as well as edges of Q{sub n} of a signed permutation in terms of its type. By further exploring the connection between cycle indices and the structure of fixed points, we obtain the cycle …