The current research position is summarized, and what could be done in the future to clarify issues which were opened up by the research is indicated. Following on the discussion of the viability of catalyzed fusion, there is presented along with the key experimental results, a short account of the physics surrounding the subject. This is followed by a discussion of key research topics addressed. In consequence of the progress made, it appears that the feasibility of a small-scale fusion based on catalyzed reactions rests on either the remote chance that a yet undiscovered ultraheavy negatively charged elementary particle exists in Nature, or on the possible technical realization of a system based on muon-catalyzed fusion (MuCF) in high-density degenerate hydrogen plasma (density 1000 LHD, temperature O(100 eV)). The lattter is considered to have practical promise.

The current research position is summarized, and what could be done in the future to clarify issues which were opened up by the research is indicated. Following on the discussion of the viability of catalyzed fusion, there is presented along with the key experimental results, a short account of the physics surrounding the subject. This is followed by a discussion of key research topics addressed. In consequence of the progress made, it appears that the feasibility of a small-scale fusion based on catalyzed reactions rests on either the remote chance that a yet undiscovered ultraheavy negatively charged elementary particle exists in Nature, or on the possible technical realization of a system based on muon-catalyzed fusion (MuCF) in high-density degenerate hydrogen plasma (density 1000 LHD, temperature O(100 eV)). The lattter is considered to have practical promise.

Extending the frontiers of colloidal photochemistry and colloidal electrochemistry to solar photochemistry research had been the main objective of this research. More specific objectives of this proposal include the examination of semiconductor-particle-mediated photoelectron transfer and photoelectric effects in different membrane mimetic systems. Emphasis had been placed on developing bilayer lipid membranes and Langmuir-Blodgett films as new membrane-mimetic systems, as well as on the characterization and utilization of these systems.

Extending the frontiers of colloidal photochemistry and colloidal electrochemistry to solar photochemistry research had been the main objective of this research. More specific objectives of this proposal include the examination of semiconductor-particle-mediated photoelectron transfer and photoelectric effects in different membrane mimetic systems. Emphasis had been placed on developing bilayer lipid membranes and Langmuir-Blodgett films as new membrane-mimetic systems, as well as on the characterization and utilization of these systems.

Quarter Eight of the Pulsed Electron Precharging project was principally devoted to the operation of the E-beam precharger in the pulsed anode mode. We shall first briefly review the motivation for carrying out this project and the experimental approach used. The combustion of low sulfur coal for the purpose of generating electric energy in power plants results in the production of a flue gas containing very high resistivity fly ash. This fly ash is not easily collected by conventional electrostatic precipitators due to the large electric potential difference which develops across the layer of fly ash on the collector plate. If this layer of collected material is allowed to reach a thickness as great as is normally desirable before rapping'' the plates, then the collected fly ash is subject to re-entrainment into the flue gas stream due to back-corona. The back-corona corona problem is described more fully in the next section of this report. This re-entrainment problem can be eliminated through reduction of the voltage applied across the high voltage wires and the grounded plates of the electrostatic precipitator. This is not a good solution to the problem since the charging capability and collection efficiency of the precipitator system are …

NMR reagents for the speciation and quantitation of labile-hydrogen functional groups and sulfur groups in coal ligands have been synthesized and evaluated. These reagents, which contain the NMR-active nuclei {sup 31}p, {sup 119}Sn or {sup 195}pt, were designed to possess improved chemical shift resolution over reagents reported in the literature. Our efforts were successful in the case of the new {sup 31}p and {sup 119}Sn reagents we developed, but the {sup 195}pt work on sulfur groups was only partially successful in as much as the grant came to a close and was not renewed. Our success with {sup 31}P and {sup 119}Sn NMR reagents came to the attention of Amoco and they have recently expressed interest in further supporting that work. A further measure of the success of our efforts can be seen in the nine publications supported by this grant which are cited in the reference list.

NMR reagents for the speciation and quantitation of labile-hydrogen functional groups and sulfur groups in coal ligands have been synthesized and evaluated. These reagents, which contain the NMR-active nuclei {sup 31}p, {sup 119}Sn or {sup 195}pt, were designed to possess improved chemical shift resolution over reagents reported in the literature. Our efforts were successful in the case of the new {sup 31}p and {sup 119}Sn reagents we developed, but the {sup 195}pt work on sulfur groups was only partially successful in as much as the grant came to a close and was not renewed. Our success with {sup 31}P and {sup 119}Sn NMR reagents came to the attention of Amoco and they have recently expressed interest in further supporting that work. A further measure of the success of our efforts can be seen in the nine publications supported by this grant which are cited in the reference list.

This work contains to the final report of the demonstration of an advanced cyclone coal combustor. Titles include: Chronological Description of the Clean Coal Project Tests,'' Statistical Analysis of Operating Data for the Coal Tech Combustor,'' Photographic History of the Project,'' Results of Slag Analysis by PA DER Module 1 Procedure,'' Properties of the Coals Limestone Used in the Test Effort,'' Results of the Solid Waste Sampling Performed on the Coal Tech Combustor by an Independent Contractor During the February 1990 Tests.'' (VC)

The project objective was to demonstrate a technology which can be used to retrofit oil/gas designed boilers, and conventional pulverized coal fired boilers to direct coal firing, by using a patented sir cooled coal combustor that is attached in place of oil/gas/coal burners. A significant part of the test effort was devoted to resolving operational issues related to uniform coal feeding, efficient combustion under very fuel rich conditions, maintenance of continuous slag flow and removal from the combustor, development of proper air cooling operating procedures, and determining component materials durability. The second major focus of the test effort was on environmental control, especially control of SO{sub 2} emissions. By using staged combustion, the NO{sub x} emissions were reduced by around 3/4 to 184 ppmv, with further reductions to 160 ppmv in the stack particulate scrubber. By injection of calcium based sorbents into the combustor, stack SO{sub 2} emissions were reduced by a maximum of of 58%. (VC)

This project will enhance the existing Coal Quality Information System (CQIS) database and Coal Quality Impact Model (CQIM) to allow confident assessment of the effects of cleaning on specific boiler cost and performance, as well as develop and validate a methodology, Coal Quality Expert (CQE) which allows accurate and detailed predictions of coal quality impacts on total power plant capital cost, operating cost, and performance based upon inputs from inexpensive bench-scale tests. The project consists of the following seven tasks: Project management; coal cleanability characterization; pilot-scale combustion testing; utility boiler field testing; CQIM completion and development of CQE specification; develop CQE; and, CQE workstation testing and validation. Progress is discussed. 1 fig., 3 tabs.

The use of ion-focusing and a conditioned beam greatly enhances FEL gain in the VUV and Soft X-Ray range. The equations governing FEL amplification are derived and results of a linear analysis are noted. Numerical results, including 3D effects and having an order of magnitude improvement in gain, are presented for a 30 {Angstrom} example. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

The Commission for Economic Development in Orem (CEDO) has completed its pilot project: setting up an inventor organization, providing knowledgeable speakers for monthly meetings, and trying to assess and meet the needs of that group. Utah Valley Community College provided space for monthly inventor meetings. It was decided that the monthly meetings would be held as two-hour mini seminar sessions with qualified speakers. The college provided continuing education units free for attendance at the meetings. Results of two surveys of the group were analyzed. A meeting was held between CEDO and the college's Dean of the School of Business where it was decided that the group should be continued. The college will continue providing space for the monthly meetings and assisting with the attraction of additional qualified speakers. CEDO will continue to locate speakers, put on the monthly meetings publish the monthly newsletter and provide information and assistance for the group. It has been determined by CEDO that having a group'' with monthly speakers is only a pacification of the needs of inventors and innovators. This group is in dire need of specialized inventor ASSISTANCE on a no-cost or low-cost basis.

The Commission for Economic Development in Orem (CEDO) has completed its pilot project: setting up an inventor organization, providing knowledgeable speakers for monthly meetings, and trying to assess and meet the needs of that group. Utah Valley Community College provided space for monthly inventor meetings. It was decided that the monthly meetings would be held as two-hour mini seminar sessions with qualified speakers. The college provided continuing education units free for attendance at the meetings. Results of two surveys of the group were analyzed. A meeting was held between CEDO and the college`s Dean of the School of Business where it was decided that the group should be continued. The college will continue providing space for the monthly meetings and assisting with the attraction of additional qualified speakers. CEDO will continue to locate speakers, put on the monthly meetings publish the monthly newsletter and provide information and assistance for the group. It has been determined by CEDO that having a ``group`` with monthly speakers is only a pacification of the needs of inventors and innovators. This group is in dire need of specialized inventor ASSISTANCE on a no-cost or low-cost basis.

The DbtS{sup +} phenotype is defined as the selective ability to oxidize the sulfur in dibenzothiophene (DBT) successively to dibenzothiophene-5-oxide, dibenzosulfone, and, finally, either o, o'-biphenol or monohydroxybiphenyl. By using a fluorescent assay, many Pseudomonas putida isolates having a DbtS{sup +} phenotype have been obtained. The ability of the isolates to generate o, o'-biphenol was confirmed with HPLC shortly after the time of isolation. The broad-host-range plasmid, R68.45, was introduced from P. putida PRS 2003 into many soil isolates. The plasmid was able to mobilize the determinants for the DbtS{sup +} phenotype. Accordingly, R68.45 and the determinants of the phenotype could be transferred simultaneously form soil isolates to P. aeruginosa 27853. The DbtS{sup +} phenotype in the isolates and in P. aeruginosa 27853 has proven to be unstable. Whether the instability is genetic, physiological, some combination of these two, or is founded on some other phenomenon is not known. Fresh Gram-positive isolates with the DbtS{sup +} phenotype have been isolated using the sulfur bioavailability assay. The DbtS{sup +} phenotype in these isolates appears to be stable. The product of desulfurization of DBT of dibenzosulfone is monohydroxybiphenyl. The nature of the endproduct has been confirmed by HPLC, colorimetry, GC/mass spectroscopy, and …

High-level radioactive liquid wastes produced during nuclear fuel reprocessing at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant are calcined in the New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) to provide both volume reduction and a more stable waste form. Because a large component of the HLW is nitric acid, high levels of oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) are produced in the process and discharged to the environment via the calciner off-gas. The NO{sub x} abatement program is required by the new Fuel Processing Restoration (FPR) project permit to construct to reduce NO{sub x} emissions from the NWCF. Extensive research and development has indicated that the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process is the most promising technology for treating the NWCF off-gas. Pilot plant tests were performed to determine the compatibility of the SCR process with actual NWCF off-gas. Test results indicate that the SCR process is a viable method for abating the NO{sub x} from the NWCF off-gas. Reduction efficiencies over 95% can be obtained, with minimal amounts of ammonia slip, provided favorable operating conditions exist. Two reactors operated with series flow will provide optimum reduction capabilities. Typical operation should be performed with a first reactor stage gas space velocity of 20,000 hr{sup {minus}1} and …

We report on a study of hadronic Z{degrees} decays at high P{sub t}(P{sub t}>500 GeV/c), at 40 TeV CM energy. Our goal here is to understand the effects of the kinematics of Z{degrees} decay, especially the Lorentz boost, on detection issues. We used an ISAJET sample of Drell Yan events, requiring the Z{degrees} to have pseudorapidity ({eta}) in (-1.5,1.5) and P{sub t}>500 GeV/c. ISAJET forces the Z{degrees} to decay to two primary partons, which then cascade by gluon and quark emission to stable hadrons. We excluded Z{degrees} {yields} {nu}{bar {nu}} decays. In about 10% of the hadronic decays, significant energy is lost due to neutrino emission from heavy quarks, so that the hadronic mass is significantly less than the Z{degrees} mass generated; these events were not explicitly removed. We treated muons like other hadrons, assuming that high P{sub t} muons could be identified and corrected for. For this study we retained only the stable daughter particles in Z{degrees} decay, labelled according to their parton parentage ( Jet 1 or 2''). We ignored the particles from the underlying event and from other final state jets. (These contributions, along with other non-Z{degrees} noise'', can be explicitly added back for relevant studies.) Finally, …

Several issues that could have an impact on the capability to burn anthracite culm in a rotary bed boiler were identified; specifically, questions were raised concerning the specifications of the anthracite culm itself and some relating to the equipment. The anthracite culm delivered was wet, (with more than 10 percent moisture), and coarser than feed material for fluidized boilers. It was felt that using finer fuel, ensuring that it is largely dry, would aid the combustion of anthracite culm. It also appeared that if provisions were made for more efficient internal and external recycle of ash, this would also enhance the combustion of this fuel. Accordingly, the decision was made to conduct an additional campaign of tests that would incorporate these changes. The tests, conducted on July 15 and 16, 1991, involved an anthracite culm that was, in fact, obtained from a fluidized bed a heating value of 3,000 Btu/lb and came with a top size of 1/4-inch. Despite these changes, sustained combustion could not be achieved without the use of large quantities of supplemental fuel. Based on these tests, we tend to conclude that the rotary kiln is ill suited for the combustion of hard-to-burn, low-grade solid fuels like …

Advanced Sciences, Incorporated (ASI), has been performing a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Feed Materials Production Center (Fernald Facility) at Fernald, Ohio, under an 8 (a) contract with the US Small Business Administration (SBA). The Fernald Facility is a Government-owned facility operated by Westinghouse Materials Company of Ohio (WMCO) under a management and operating contract. The objective of this audit was to evaluate the award and administration of the ASI contract.

The effective starting date of this grant was May 15. In the first three months of this project we focused primarily on organizational and technical aspects of our research which included: organization of the database of repeats in primates; preparation of software for rapid and sensitive search of novel repetitive elements in GenBank; purchase and installation of the Sun workstation; and research on the mammal-specific MAR1 family of repetitive elements (to be communicated in October).

The effective starting date of this grant was May 15. In the first three months of this project we focused primarily on organizational and technical aspects of our research which included: organization of the database of repeats in primates; preparation of software for rapid and sensitive search of novel repetitive elements in GenBank; purchase and installation of the Sun workstation; and research on the mammal-specific MAR1 family of repetitive elements (to be communicated in October).

A new ground state source of negative hydrogen ions with polarized nuclei ({rvec H}{sup {minus}}) is being developed at BNL. Extensive developmental research has been aimed at improving each element of ({rvec H}{sup {minus}}) production: cold H{degrees} beam, spin selection and focusing magnets, and ionizer. These elements have recently been integrated into a source. A first test with the accommodator nozzle cooled only to liquid nitrogen temperatures resulted in 5 {mu}A of H{sup {minus}}. Tests at liquid helium temperatures are now beginning. 7 refs., 1 fig.

The overall objectives of this project is an intensive effort on the application of laser to the microscopic structure and thermochemical kinetic studies of coal particles pyrolysis, char combustion and ash transformation at combustion level that fluxes in a laser beam. Research emphasis in FY91 is placed on setup and calibration of the laser pyrolysis system, preparation and mass loss studies of Beulah lignite and subbituminous coals. The task is therefore divided into three subtasks. 4 figs., 2 tabs.

A continuous wave doppler radar system has been designed which is portable, easily deployable and can be remotely controlled. The system is immune to ground clutter and is used for wind speed detection and direction determination. Nearly real time digital signal processing is performed by an Analog Devices ADSP-21020, a 40-bit floating point Digital Signal Processing (DSP) microprocessor. This paper provides an overview of the design of the system including the radio frequency (RF) to digital interface. The various DSP detection algorithms are discussed and compared to system performance and sensitivity. Finally, DSP performance is compared to the performance of an earlier system using Analog Device's ADSP-2100. 6 refs.

When 001 plates of KD{sub 2}PO{sub 4} (KD*P) are used in Pockels cells, strain induced refractive index variations result in beam depolarization and transmitted wavefront distortion. The depolarization is determined by the induced birefringence while the wavefront distortion is controlled by the average index shift. Here we show that the birefringence is determined by the shear stress in the xy-plane of the crystal while the average index shift depends only on the normal stresses. Furthermore, for depolarization losses of 0.1 to 1.0% and wavefront distortion of 0.1 to 1.0{lambda}, the critical range of stress is 10{sup 5} to 10{sup 6} Pa. We also present measured depolarization loss and wavefront distortion profiles for 5, 16 and 27cm, 95% deuterated, KD*P crystals. Using the analysis described above we show that the maximum internal stresses in the crystals are within the critical range, but that the area averaged stresses are substantially lower. We find that crystals from different locations along the length of a boule have similar strain birefringence and wavefront distortion profiles indicating that the growth conditions which generate the internal strain persist throughout much of the growth history of the boule. Finally, we discuss potential sources of strain in KD*P. 8 …