Advanced soluble hydroliquefaction and hydrotreating catalysts (open access)

Advanced soluble hydroliquefaction and hydrotreating catalysts

The purpose of the present program is to develop soluble analogs of surface confined catalysts that can be impregnated directly into the coal structure at low temperatures. This approach should avoid problems related to surface area dependence, a two phase (surface-liquid) reaction system and, mass transport limitations.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Laine, R.M. (Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering) & Stoebe, T. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced soluble hydroliquefaction and hydrotreating catalysts. Quarterly report No. 5, August 7, 1991--November 6, 1991 (open access)

Advanced soluble hydroliquefaction and hydrotreating catalysts. Quarterly report No. 5, August 7, 1991--November 6, 1991

The purpose of the present program is to develop soluble analogs of surface confined catalysts that can be impregnated directly into the coal structure at low temperatures. This approach should avoid problems related to surface area dependence, a two phase (surface-liquid) reaction system and, mass transport limitations.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Laine, R. M. & Stoebe, T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medium-energy neutrino physics (open access)

Medium-energy neutrino physics

A selection of opportunities for neutrino physics from a source generated from pions that decay in flight and at rest is described. The present source at LAMPF has a duty factor of about 6%; improvements in opportunities that emerge from a source using a pulse 0.25 {mu}sec long from a proton storage ring are also described. 7 refs., 9 figs.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: White, D. Hywel
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
PILAC: A pion linac facility for 1-GeV pion physics at LAMPF (open access)

PILAC: A pion linac facility for 1-GeV pion physics at LAMPF

A design study for a Pion Linac (PILAC) at LAMPF is under way at Los Alamos. We present here a reference design for a system of pion source, linac, and high-resolution beam line and spectrometer that will provide 10{sup 9} pions per second on target and 200-keV resolution for the ({pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}) reaction at 0.92 GeV. A general-purpose beam line that delivers both positive and negative pions in the energy range 0.4-1.1 GeV is included, thus opening up the possibility of a broad experimental program as is discussed in this report. A kicker-based beam sharing system allows delivery of beam to both beam lines simultaneously with independent sign and energy control. Because the pion linac acts like an rf particle separator, all beams produced by PILAC will be free of electron (or positron) and proton contamination. 4 refs., 6 figs.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Thiessen, H.A. & White, D.H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential for thermal coal and Clean Coal Technology (CCT) in the Asia-Pacific (open access)

Potential for thermal coal and Clean Coal Technology (CCT) in the Asia-Pacific

The Coal Project was able to make considerable progress in understanding the evolving energy situation in Asia and the future role of coal and Clean Coal Technologies. It is clear that there will be major growth in consumption of coal in Asia over the next two decades -- we estimate an increase of 1.2 billion metric tons. Second, all governments are concerned about the environmental impacts of increased coal use, however enforcement of regulations appears to be quite variable among Asian countries. There is general caution of the part of Asian utilities with respect to the introduction of CCT's. However, there appears to be potential for introduction of CCT's in a few countries by the turn of the century. It is important to emphasize that it will be a long term effort to succeed in getting CCT's introduced to Asia. The Coal Project recommends that the US CCT program be expanded to allow the early introduction of CCT's in a number of countries.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Johnson, C.J. & Long, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential for thermal coal and Clean Coal Technology (CCT) in the Asia-Pacific. Final technical report (open access)

Potential for thermal coal and Clean Coal Technology (CCT) in the Asia-Pacific. Final technical report

The Coal Project was able to make considerable progress in understanding the evolving energy situation in Asia and the future role of coal and Clean Coal Technologies. It is clear that there will be major growth in consumption of coal in Asia over the next two decades -- we estimate an increase of 1.2 billion metric tons. Second, all governments are concerned about the environmental impacts of increased coal use, however enforcement of regulations appears to be quite variable among Asian countries. There is general caution of the part of Asian utilities with respect to the introduction of CCT`s. However, there appears to be potential for introduction of CCT`s in a few countries by the turn of the century. It is important to emphasize that it will be a long term effort to succeed in getting CCT`s introduced to Asia. The Coal Project recommends that the US CCT program be expanded to allow the early introduction of CCT`s in a number of countries.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Johnson, C. J. & Long, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A pulsed lepton source at LAMPF (open access)

A pulsed lepton source at LAMPF

A Pulsed Lepton Source is being considered at the LAMPF facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The source plan is described together with a description of the components and performance as they exist at present. 9 figs.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: White, D. Hywel
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Some physics requirements for triggering in the intermediate tracking system of SDC (open access)

Some physics requirements for triggering in the intermediate tracking system of SDC

I have investigated trigger requirements for the intermediate tracking system of the SDC detector, using muons in the final states of some physics processes of interest and relevance to the program envisaged to be pursued at the SSC. The study is done at the physics event generator level with the PYTHIA package, augmented by a very simplistic simulation of the momentum measurement expected from the intermediate tracking system. For the range in pseudorapidity of {vert bar}{eta}{vert bar} = 1.7--2.5, I find a subdivision into four basic bins sufficient to ensure that the width of the transverse momentum trigger threshold will not be dominated by the lack of knowledge of the polar angle. In addition, the azimuthal resolution has be better than 1 mrad to allow transverse momentum thresholds from p{sub t}{approx}10 GeV/c up to and beyond p{sub t}=20 GeV/c to be implemented which are needed to accomplish the physics goals. 10 figs., 1 tab.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Trost, H.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Some physics requirements for triggering in the intermediate tracking system of SDC (open access)

Some physics requirements for triggering in the intermediate tracking system of SDC

I have investigated trigger requirements for the intermediate tracking system of the SDC detector, using muons in the final states of some physics processes of interest and relevance to the program envisaged to be pursued at the SSC. The study is done at the physics event generator level with the PYTHIA package, augmented by a very simplistic simulation of the momentum measurement expected from the intermediate tracking system. For the range in pseudorapidity of {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} = 1.7--2.5, I find a subdivision into four basic bins sufficient to ensure that the width of the transverse momentum trigger threshold will not be dominated by the lack of knowledge of the polar angle. In addition, the azimuthal resolution has be better than 1 mrad to allow transverse momentum thresholds from p{sub t}{approx}10 GeV/c up to and beyond p{sub t}=20 GeV/c to be implemented which are needed to accomplish the physics goals. 10 figs., 1 tab.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Trost, Hans-Jochen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experimental study of coupling impedance: Part I longitudinal impedance measurement techniques (open access)

Experimental study of coupling impedance: Part I longitudinal impedance measurement techniques

Beam coupling impedances for the 7-GeV APS storage ring have been numerically estimated. In order to confirm these calculations, measurements of the coupling impedance of various vacuum components around the main storage ring were done with a coaxial wire method. In this paper, the procedure of the longitudinal impedance measurement techniques will be described. As an example, sections of the Cu beam chamber, the Cu beam + antechambers, and the Al beam + antechambers were used as a device under test (DUT) to obtain the results. The transverse impedance measurements will be described in a separate paper.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Song, J.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fusion reactor design studies (open access)

Fusion reactor design studies

This progress report will give a detailed breakdown of the work accomplished for ARIES-III during the contract period, November 1, 1990 to October 31, 1991. The areas of effort discussed are: Neutronics; First-Wall; Shield; Safety; Systems; Startup and Shutdown; Energy Conversion; Ripple Loss; and Fuel Resources.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Santarius, J. F.; Kulcinski, G. L. & Emmert, G. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes (open access)

Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes

Several potential additives and the use of influent pH adjustment were examined to remediated the biofouling problem of the ETF reverse osmosis (RO) system. Tests were conducted with simulated RO feed containing salt, metal hydroxides and bacteria. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium bisulfite, and adjusting the influent pH to 3 were each successful in reducing the RO biofouling. Little or no benefit was found from the use of a biofilm remover (Filmtec Alkaline Cleaner) or the use of surfactants (Surfynol or sodium lauryl sulfate). In addition, Surfynol use resulted in irreversible fouling and necessitated membrane replacement. At the water recoveries used in the ETF (>90%), sodium bisulfite addition resulted in the recovery of 70--90% of the flux and almost complete restoration of the DF to prefouled conditions. Based on the bench-scale tests completed, IWT would recommend that sodium bisulfite addition be tested at the ETF. This testing would involve optimizing the amount of bisulfite required. In addition, it is recommended that the addition of SHMP or influent pH adjustment be evaluated since the relative differences in labscale tests were small and scale-up effects could be present. The ETF operating permit allows each to be added.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Siler, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes (open access)

Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes

Several potential additives and the use of influent pH adjustment were examined to remediated the biofouling problem of the ETF reverse osmosis (RO) system. Tests were conducted with simulated RO feed containing salt, metal hydroxides and bacteria. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium bisulfite, and adjusting the influent pH to 3 were each successful in reducing the RO biofouling. Little or no benefit was found from the use of a biofilm remover (Filmtec Alkaline Cleaner) or the use of surfactants (Surfynol or sodium lauryl sulfate). In addition, Surfynol use resulted in irreversible fouling and necessitated membrane replacement. At the water recoveries used in the ETF (>90%), sodium bisulfite addition resulted in the recovery of 70--90% of the flux and almost complete restoration of the DF to prefouled conditions. Based on the bench-scale tests completed, IWT would recommend that sodium bisulfite addition be tested at the ETF. This testing would involve optimizing the amount of bisulfite required. In addition, it is recommended that the addition of SHMP or influent pH adjustment be evaluated since the relative differences in labscale tests were small and scale-up effects could be present. The ETF operating permit allows each to be added.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Siler, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reverse osmosis performance with solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate (open access)

Reverse osmosis performance with solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate

Tests were conducted to determine whether the reverse osmosis (RO) units at the F/H Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at the Savannah River could be made to process solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). It was desired to test whether operation at a feed pH other than neutral would improve performance. Test results are discussed in this report and indicate that little improvement in the water flux can be expected at other pH values.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Siler, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reverse osmosis performance with solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate (open access)

Reverse osmosis performance with solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate

Tests were conducted to determine whether the reverse osmosis (RO) units at the F/H Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) at the Savannah River could be made to process solutions containing tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). It was desired to test whether operation at a feed pH other than neutral would improve performance. Test results are discussed in this report and indicate that little improvement in the water flux can be expected at other pH values.
Date: October 22, 1991
Creator: Siler, J.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
COUPON IMMERSION TESTING IN SIMULATED HAZARDOUS LOW LEVEL WASTE (open access)

COUPON IMMERSION TESTING IN SIMULATED HAZARDOUS LOW LEVEL WASTE

AISI Type 304L (304L) stainless steel was recommended as a suitable material of construction for the new Hazardous Low Level Waste Processing Tanks (HLLWPT). This report documents the second phase of a coupon immersion test program to determine the susceptibility of 304L to localized attack in a variety of simulated wastes. The coupon test results confirmed the conclusions that were made from the first phase of the test program. First, 304L is a suitable material of construction for the new waste tanks. Second, the agreement between the cyclic polarization tests and the coupon immersion tests demonstrates that cyclic polarization can be used to predict the susceptibility of a material to localized corrosion in these wastes. In addition to the tests performed on 304L, tests were performed on ASTM A537 carbon steel (A537) and Incoloy 825 (I825). Neither 304L nor I825 was susceptible to attack, while A537 experienced varying degrees of attack in the different wastes. Observations on the surface attack and corrosion products on A537 were used to elucidate the mechanism by which A537 corrodes in these wastes.
Date: August 22, 1991
Creator: Wiersma, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DYNA3D analysis of the DT-20 shipping container (open access)

DYNA3D analysis of the DT-20 shipping container

A DYNA3D model of the DT-20 shipping container was constructed. Impact onto a rigid steel surface at a velocity of 44 ft/sec (30 foot gravity drop) was studied. The orientation of most interest was a side-drop, but end and corner drops were also studied briefly. The assembly for the baseline side impact contained a 150 lb. payload. During this drop, the outer drum sustains plastic strains of up to 0.15, with most the deformation near the rim. The plywood/Celotex packing is crushed about 3 inches. The inner sealed can sees significant stresses, but barely reaches the onset of yielding in some local areas. Based on hand calculations, the bolts joining the can halves could see stresses near 50 ksi. It is felt that overall, the container should survive this drop. However, detailed modeling of the rim closure and the center bolted joint was not possible due to time constraints. Furthermore, better material models and properties are needed for the Celotex, plywood, and honeycomb in particular. 39 figs., 1 tab.
Date: August 22, 1991
Creator: Logan, R.W. & Lovejoy, S.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
On reactor type comparisons for the next generation of reactors (open access)

On reactor type comparisons for the next generation of reactors

In this paper, we present a broad comparison of studies for a selected set of parameters for different nuclear reactor types including the next generation. This serves as an overview of key parameters which provide a semi-quantitative decision basis for selecting nuclear strategies. Out of a number of advanced reactor designs of the LWR type, gas cooled type, and FBR type, currently on the drawing board, the Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWR) seem to have some edge over other types of the next generation of reactors for the near-term application. This is based on a number of attributes related to the benefit of the vast operating experience with LWRs coupled with an estimated low risk profile, economics of scale, degree of utilization of passive systems, simplification in the plant design and layout, modular fabrication and manufacturing. 32 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Date: August 22, 1991
Creator: Alesso, H.P. & Majumdar, K.C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fundamental investigation of Duct/ESP phenomena: 1. 7 MW pilot parametric testing results (open access)

Fundamental investigation of Duct/ESP phenomena: 1. 7 MW pilot parametric testing results

Radian Corporation was contracted to investigate duct injection and electrostatic precipitator phenomena in a 1.7-MW pilot plant constructed for this test program. This study was an attempt to resolve previous problems and to answer remaining questions with the technology using an approach which concentrated on the fundamental mechanisms of the process. The goal of the study was to obtain a better understanding of the basic physical and chemical phenomena that control: (1) the desulfurization of flue gas by calcium-based reagent, and (2) the coupling of the duct injection process to an existing ESP particulate collection device. (VC)
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: McGuire, L. M. & Brown, C. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gamma-ray spectrometry of LDEF samples at SRL (open access)

Gamma-ray spectrometry of LDEF samples at SRL

A total of 31 samples from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), including materials of aluminum, vanadium, and steel trunnions were analyzed by ultra-low-level gamma spectroscopy. The study quantified particle induced activations of {sup 22}Na, {sup 46}Sc, {sup 51}Cr, {sup 54}Mn, {sup 56}Co, {sup 57}Co, {sup 58}Co, and {sup 60}Co. The samples of trunnion sections exhibited increasing activity toward the outer end of the trunnion and decreasing activity toward its radial center. The trunnion sections did not include end pieces, which have been reported to collect noticeable {sup 7}Be on their leading surfaces. No significant {sup 7}Be was detected in the samples analyzed. The Underground Counting Facility at Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) was used in this work. The facility is 50 ft. underground, constructed with low-background shielding materials, and operated as a clean room. The most sensitive analyses were performed with a 90%-efficient HPGe gamma-ray detector, which is enclosed in a purged active/passive shield. Each sample was counted for one to six days in two orientations to yield more representative average activities for the sample. The non-standard geometries of the LDEF samples prompted the development of a novel calibration method, whereby the efficiency about the samples surfaces (measured with point …
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: Winn, Willard G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gamma-ray spectrometry of LDEF samples at SRL (open access)

Gamma-ray spectrometry of LDEF samples at SRL

A total of 31 samples from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), including materials of aluminum, vanadium, and steel trunnions were analyzed by ultra-low-level gamma spectroscopy. The study quantified particle induced activations of {sup 22}Na, {sup 46}Sc, {sup 51}Cr, {sup 54}Mn, {sup 56}Co, {sup 57}Co, {sup 58}Co, and {sup 60}Co. The samples of trunnion sections exhibited increasing activity toward the outer end of the trunnion and decreasing activity toward its radial center. The trunnion sections did not include end pieces, which have been reported to collect noticeable {sup 7}Be on their leading surfaces. No significant {sup 7}Be was detected in the samples analyzed. The Underground Counting Facility at Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) was used in this work. The facility is 50 ft. underground, constructed with low-background shielding materials, and operated as a clean room. The most sensitive analyses were performed with a 90%-efficient HPGe gamma-ray detector, which is enclosed in a purged active/passive shield. Each sample was counted for one to six days in two orientations to yield more representative average activities for the sample. The non-standard geometries of the LDEF samples prompted the development of a novel calibration method, whereby the efficiency about the samples surfaces (measured with point …
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: Winn, W. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Plasma Transport (open access)

Studies of Plasma Transport

This report discusses the charge-coupled device camera and other plasma diagnostic equipment used to measure plasma density and other plasma properties. (LSP)
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: Malmberg, J. H.; O'Neil, T. M. & Driscoll, C. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of a naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound (open access)

Synthesis of a naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound

The objective of this project is the synthesis of a new naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound for use in coal combustion studies. Since this compound is an unreported compound, this effort also requires the development of a synthetic route to this compound, including the synthesis of unreported intermediates leading to its synthesis. Complex product mixtures have been consistently obtained with all of our approaches. As a result, we have been constantly making small modifications to our technical approach. These changes are discussed in this report. Our synthesis efforts resulted in a number of potential precursors and intermediates. When appropriate, these compounds were submitted to the Organic Chemistry Research Area's Analytical Section for characterization and identification.
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: Kwong, C.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of a naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound. Quarterly report No. 4, March 13, 1991--June 12, 1991 (open access)

Synthesis of a naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound. Quarterly report No. 4, March 13, 1991--June 12, 1991

The objective of this project is the synthesis of a new naphthalene-hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound for use in coal combustion studies. Since this compound is an unreported compound, this effort also requires the development of a synthetic route to this compound, including the synthesis of unreported intermediates leading to its synthesis. Complex product mixtures have been consistently obtained with all of our approaches. As a result, we have been constantly making small modifications to our technical approach. These changes are discussed in this report. Our synthesis efforts resulted in a number of potential precursors and intermediates. When appropriate, these compounds were submitted to the Organic Chemistry Research Area`s Analytical Section for characterization and identification.
Date: July 22, 1991
Creator: Kwong, C. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library