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Brookhaven highlights for fiscal year 1991, October 1, 1990--September 30, 1991
This report highlights Brookhaven National Laboratory's activities for fiscal year 1991. Topics from the four research divisions: Computing and Communications, Instrumentation, Reactors, and Safety and Environmental Protection are presented. The research programs at Brookhaven are diverse, as is reflected by the nine different scientific departments: Accelerator Development, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, Applied Science, Biology, Chemistry, Medical, National Synchrotron Light Source, Nuclear Energy, and Physics. Administrative and managerial information about Brookhaven are also disclosed. (GHH)
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Rowe, M.S.; Cohen, A.; Greenberg, D.; Seubert, L. & Kuper, J.B.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A unified theory of resonant excitation of kinetic ballooning modes by energetic ions/alpha particles in tokamaks
A complete theory of wave-particle interactions is presented whereby both circulating and trapped energetic ions can destabilize kinetic ballooning modes in tokamaks. Four qualitatively different types of resonances, involving wave-precessional drift, wave-transit, wave-bounce, and precessional drift-bounce interactions, are identified, and the destabilization potential of each is assessed. For a characteristic slowing-down distribution function, the dominant interaction is that which taps those resonant ions with the highest energy. Implications of the theory for present and future generation fusion experiments are discussed. 16 refs.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Biglari, H. & Chen, L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photoinduced Charge Separation by Polymer-Bound Chromophores
This project has examined the photodynamic behavior of water-soluble polymers that have covalently linked hydrophobic chromophores spaced along the chains. These polymeric systems have been examined for photoinduced charge separation with electron-accepting ions having different total charge. Focus has been on the excited singlet (S{sub 1}) state formed by laser flash absorption. The effects of pH and ionic strength -- factors that govern the conformational nature of the polymer in solution -- have been studied. A second major effort has been to study photoinduced redox processes involving excited states of water-soluble variants of anthracene and acridine. 27 refs., 16 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Rodgers, M. A. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical fitness training reference manual for security force personnel at fuel cycle facilities possessing formula quantities of special nuclear materials
The recommendations contained throughout this NUREG are being provided to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) as a reference manual which can be used by licensee management as they develop a program plan for the safe participation of guards, Tactical Response Team members (TRTs), and all other armed response personnel in physical fitness training and in physical performance standards testing. The information provided in this NUREG will help licensees to determine if guards, TRTs, and other armed response personnel can effectively perform their normal and emergency duties without undue hazard to themselves, to fellow employees, to the plant site, and to the general public. The recommendations in this NUREG are similar in part to those contained within the Department of Energy (DOE) Medical and Fitness Implementation Guide which was published in March 1991. The guidelines contained in this NUREG are not requirements, and compliance is not required. 25 refs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Arzino, P. A.; Caplan, C. S. & Goold, R. E. (California State Univ., Hayward, CA (United States). Foundation)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Continuum damping of low-n toroidicity-induced shear Alfven eigenmodes
The effect of resonant continuum damping is investigated for the low-mode-number, toroidicity-induced, global shear Alfven eigenmodes, which can be self-excited by energetic circulating alpha particles in an ignited tokamak plasma. Resonant interaction with the shear Alfven continuum is possible for these eigenmodes, especially near the plasma periphery, leading to significant dissipation, which is typically larger than direct bulk plasma dissipation rates. Two perturbation methods are developed for obtaining the Alfven resonance damping rate from the ideal fluid zeroth-order shear Alfven eigenvalue and eigenfunction. In both methods the real part of the frequency is estimated to zeroth order, and the imaginary part, which includes the damping rate, is then obtained by perturbation theory. One method, which is applicable when the eigenfunction is nearly real, can readily be incorporated into general MHD codes. In the second method, the zeroth-order eigenfunctions may be complex; however, the application of this method to general MHD codes needs more detailed development. Also, an analytical estimate is found for the next-order real frequency shift of the fluid global Alfven mode. Analytical and numerical studies of this continuum damping effect indicate that it can substantially reduce the alpha particle-induced growth rate. Thus, either it is possible to prevent …
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Berk, H.L.; Van Dam, J.W.; Guo, Z. & Lindberg, D.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An update on passive correctors for the SSC dipole magnets
The concept of correction of the magnetization sextupole became a topic of discussion as soon as it was realized that superconductor magnetization could have a serious effect on the SSC beam during injection. Several methods of correction were proposed. These included (1) correction with active bore tube windings like those on the HERA machine which correct out magnetization sextupole and the sextupole due to iron saturation, (2) correction with persistent sextupole windings mounted on the bore tube (3) correction using passive superconductor (4) correction using ferromagnetic material, and (5) correction using oriented magnetized materials. This report deals with the use of passive superconductor to correct the magnetization sextupole. Two basic methods are explored in this report: (1) One can correct the magnetization sextupole by changing the diameter of the superconductor filaments in one or more blocks of the SSC dipole. (2) One can correct the magnetization sextupole and decapole by mounting passive superconducting wires on the inside of the SSC dipole coil bore. In addition, an assessment of the contribution of each conductor in the dipole to the magnetization sextupole and decapole is shown. 38 refs, 25 figs., 15 tabs.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Green, Michael A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Materials Development, Annual Report FY 1991
Advances in the development of new materials, the commercial availabilities of which are essential for the attainment of Hydrothermal Category Level I and II Objectives, continue to be made in the Geothermal Materials Development Project. Many successes have already been accrued and the results used commercially. In FY 1991, utility company sponsored full cost'' recovery programs based upon materials technology developed in this project were initiated on topics such as condensing heat exchangers, high temperature composites for utility vaults used in district heating systems, and corrosion resistant coatings for use in oil-fired electric generating processes. In FY 1991 the DOE/GD-sponsored R D project was focused on reducing well drilling, fluid transport and energy conversion costs. Specific activities being performed included lightweight CO{sub 2}- resistant well cements, chemical systems for lost circulation control, thermally conductive and scale resistant protective linear systems, corrosion mitigation in process components at The Geysers, and elastomer-metal bonding systems needed for use in high temperature well drilling and safety related applications.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
Kukacka, L. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sonic enhanced ash agglomeration and sulfur capture
The major objective of the Phase 1 test program is to confirm the feasibility of the Manufacturing and Technology Conversion International, Inc. bimodal particle size approach to enhance particulate control by acoustic ash agglomeration. An ancillary objective of the Phase 1 effort is to demonstrate and confirm the feasibility of an acoustic field to enhance sulfur capture by increasing sorbent reactivity. Phase 1 tests are designed to cover the frequency range between 50 and 1400 Hz, establish monomodal baseline performance as a benchmark from which to measure the degree of enhancement expected from the bimodal approach, and, finally, to confirm the effectiveness of low-frequency fields over high-frequency fields for realistic particulate streams. The program will demonstrate the effectiveness of a unique approach which uses a bimodal distribution composed of large sorbent particles and fine fly ash particles to enhance ash agglomeration and sulfur capture at conditions found in direct coal-fired turbines. Under the impact of high-intensity sound waves, sorbent reactivity and utilization, it is theorized, will increase while agglomerates of fly ash and sorbents are formed which are readily collected in commercial cyclones. The work will extend the concept from the demonstration of feasibility (Phase 1), through proof-of-concept (Phase 2) …
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(Environmental investigation of ground water contamination at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
This report presents information concerning field procedures employed during the monitoring, well construction, well purging, sampling, and well logging at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Activities were conducted in an effort to evaluate ground water contamination.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Configuration Management Program Plan
Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) has established a configuration management (CM) plan to execute the SRS CM Policy and the requirements of the DOE Order 4700.1. The Reactor Restart Division (RRD) has developed its CM Plan under the SRS CM Program and is implementing it via the RRD CM Program Plan and the Integrated Action Plan. The purpose of the RRD CM program is to improve those processes which are essential to the safe and efficient operation of SRS production reactors. This document provides details of this plan.
Date:
September 25, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts
Copper and cobalt are the key elements in syngas conversion catalyst systems used for higher alcohol synthesis. Their proximity and synergy sensitively control the selectivity and efficiency of the process. It is believed that their outer electronic charge distribution which is responsible for their electrical and magnetic properties might be governing their catalytic properties also. To examine the correlation between catalytic and magnetic properties, a series of copper cobalt catalysts (Co/Cu ratio 5:1 to 5:5) with and without a support were prepared. The nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum of copper and (zero-field) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cobalt and magnetization and hysteresis character of the catalyst were analyzed. Similar to the catalytic results, the magnetic results also were found to be very sensitive to the preparation technique. The results indicate possible electron exchange between copper and cobalt, and cobalt and the support Titania.
Date:
January 14, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploring novel silicon-containing polymers---From preceramic polymers to conducting polymers with nonlinear optical properties
Several new types of silicon-containing preceramic polymers, i.e., poly(diorganosilacetylene) and poly(diorganosilvinylene) have been synthesized with molecular weights from 10,000 to 120,000. These polymers could be thermally converted to SiC with a moderate to high char yields. Ready solubility and good processability made these types of polymers attractive in their applications to ceramics. The thermal polymerization of diethynyldiphenyl-silane, which was reported in 1968 to afford poly(diphenylsilyldiacetylene) via dehydrogenation, was reinvestigated. Spectroscopic studies showed that the polymer had a structure of polyacetylene type not diacetylene. Diphenyldiethynylgermane and a series of diorganodiethynylsilances were synthesized. These could be polymerized in the presence of MoCl{sub 5} or WCl{sub 6} to afford a soluble, violet material with Mw as high as 108,000. 100 refs., 56 figs., 16 tabs.
Date:
October 7, 1991
Creator:
Pang, Yi.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquefaction of coals using ultra-fine particle, unsupported catalysts: In situ generation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions
The program objective is to generate ultra-fine catalyst particles (20 to 400 {Angstrom} in size) and quantify their potential for improving coal dissolution in the solubilization stage of two-stage catalytic-catalytic liquefaction systems. In the first quarterly report for this program the concept behind our approach was detailed, the structure of the program was presented, key technical issues were identified, preliminary designs were outlined, and technical progress was discussed. All progress made during the second quarter of this program related to experiment design of the proposed supercritical expansion technique for generating ultra-fine, iron compound, catalyst particles. This second quarterly report, therefore, presents descriptions of the final designs for most system components; diagnostic approaches and designs for determining particles size and size distributions, and the composition of the pre-expansion supercritical solution; and the overall technique progress made during this reporting period. 6 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impact of Nonequilibrium Particle Temperature Considerations on Seeded Coal Combustion Plasma Properties
This past quarter ending 12/30/91, the linear MHD channel simulation model has not only been completely specified but also fully modified to incorporate considerations for nonequilibrium particle temperatures. Testing of the modified model with the initial values from the first submodel (Richter's combustion zone model) and evaluation of the non-equilibrium particle temperature effect on the overall MHD performance is being held up. Reasons for the holdup is the lack of adequate response from Dr. Richter on questions about his nonequilibrium particle temperature model. These questions relate to our insistence to know precisely how the model works and also some review of the source code to ascertain that it is synchronization with our overall analytical development. We have decided to generate initial generator inlet particle parameter values by modifying the CEC code to provide particle parameter values.
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Oni, A. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Utility FGD survey, January--December 1988
This report summarizes the status of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) technology as of December 1988. It highlights the status of the electric utility power industry, projected growth of coal-fired power generation, and the current status and future trends in FGD application. Also discussed is the implementation status of other control technologies such as fluidized bed boilers, which utilities may opt for instead of FGD systems. 15 refs., 2 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Hance, S.L.; McKibben, R.S. & Jones, F.M. (IT Corp., Cincinnati, OH (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inexpensive cross-flow hydropower turbine at Arbuckle Mountain Hydroelectric Project
This report documents the first three and half years of operation and maintenance on the Arbuckle Mountain Hydroelectric Project. Located on a flashy mountain stream in northern California, the project was designed, built and tested through a Cooperative Agreement between the US DOE and OTT Engineering, Inc. (OTT). The purpose of the Agreement is to build and intensively test an inexpensive American-made cross-flow turbine and to provide information to the DOE on the cost, efficiency, operation, and maintenance of the unit. It requires that OTT document for DOE a summary of the complete operating statistics, operation and maintenance cost, and revenues from power sales for a two-year operating period. Several unique events occurred between the initial start-up (December 1986) and the beginning of the 1989 generation season (October 1988) that delayed the first year's full operation and provided unique information for a demonstration project of this type. Accordingly, this report will discuss certain major problems experienced with the design, operation and maintenance, and energy production, as well as the operation and maintenance costs and value of the power produced for the first three and half years of operation. 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
July 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The interpretation of reflectometry measurements of plasma fluctuations
Wave reflections from density fluctuations with magnitudes and frequencies typical of drift waves have been investigated. Both drift waves and the reflected phase and amplitude depend on the density gradient scale length, and this common feature implies that both the angular deviation of a normally propagating wave and the phase change on reflection are of order unity. Thus the surface will always appear rough'' and amplitude variations will always be large. For smaller amplitude waves numerical solutions of the one dimensional full wave equation for the propagation near cutoff frequencies has been used to show how to interpret reflectometry measurements. For density perturbations with wavelengths near the density scale length, the external fluctuating phase can be simply interpreted in terms of a fluctuating density near the cutoff layer. However, the amplitude of the phase response falls substantially as the fluctuation wavelength, {Lambda}, approaches the free space wavelength of the reflected wave, {lambda}{sub o}, and the location of the maximum response moves out in front of the cutoff layer following the wave matching condition k{sub {Lambda}} = 2k {approx} 2{eta}(x)k{sub 0}. Similarly, correlation measurements of density fluctuations from probe waves of different wavelengths are shown to be limited to about four …
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Bretz, N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermodynamic model for calorimetric and phase coexistence properties of coal derived fluids
On September 1, 1989 work was initiated on a project to extend the available vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) model for coal fluids to allow satisfactory predictions of excess enthalpies of coal liquids at high pressures. The available vapor liquid equilibrium model was developed with support from previous grant from DOE-PETC (Grant no. DE-FG22-89PC90541). The current project also involves measurement of some model compound VLE data and chromatographic characterization of coal liquids for distribution of heteroatoms. A computational thermodynamic model for VLE, excess enthalpies and heat capacities of coal derived liquids has been developed. The model uses the modified UNIFAC correlation for the liquid phase. Some unavailable UNIFAC interactions parameters have been regressed from experimental VLE and excess enthalpy data. The computations are carried out using the method of continuous thermodynamics. Mode is used to derive interesting conclusions on the effect of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatoms on the thermodynamic properties of coal liquids. When compared with limited experimental data available for coal liquids the model shows good agreement. Some progress has been made on binary VLE measurements and size exclusion chromatography of coal liquids.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Kabadi, V. N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Utilization of coal-water fuels in fire-tube boilers
This project is a demonstration for firing coal-water slurry in a fire-tube boiler. It includes design, installation, and demonstration of the slurry firing equipment in a fire-tube boiler at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The project will be funded by the US Department of Energy with cost sharing from Jim Walter Resources and the University of Alabama. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation is the prime contractor responsible for all respects of the project. The specific objective of this contract is to demonstrate the potential for coal-water fuels to be burned effectively in fire-tube boiler designed for oil or gas. When the results of this project combined with the results of the water-tube slurry testing, a broad data base will exist that will provide valuable information for the retrofit of future boilers. 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Sommer, T. & Melick, T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The International Coal Statistics Data Base program maintenance guide
The International Coal Statistics Data Base (ICSD) is a microcomputer-based system which contains information related to international coal trade. This includes coal production, consumption, imports and exports information. The ICSD is a secondary data base, meaning that information contained therein is derived entirely from other primary sources. It uses dBase III+ and Lotus 1-2-3 to locate, report and display data. The system is used for analysis in preparing the Annual Prospects for World Coal Trade (DOE/EIA-0363) publication. The ICSD system is menu driven and also permits the user who is familiar with dBase and Lotus operations to leave the menu structure to perform independent queries. Documentation for the ICSD consists of three manuals -- the User's Guide, the Operations Manual, and the Program Maintenance Manual. This Program Maintenance Manual provides the information necessary to maintain and update the ICSD system. Two major types of program maintenance documentation are presented in this manual. The first is the source code for the dBase III+ routines and related non-dBase programs used in operating the ICSD. The second is listings of the major component database field structures. A third important consideration for dBase programming, the structure of index files, is presented in the listing …
Date:
June 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of optical fluctuation diagnostics to transport studies in high temperature tokamak plasmas
First data was obtained from the TFTR BES system in May 1990, after the prototype 4-channel system with photomultiplier detectors from PBX-M was transferred to the TFTR Hot Cell. The system was expanded to 16 spatial channels during the Summer 1990 run period, and data of interest was obtained near the end of the run in October 1990. The most attention has been given to a radial profile data set obtained for an L-mode plasma condition in TFTR, where we characterized the nature of the long-wavelength turbulence seen by the BES diagnostic. We summarize here highlights of the initial run with BES or TFTR. We also give a progress report on support activities at UW.
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Fonck, R.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of joining techniques for advanced austenitic alloys
Modified Alloys 316 and 800H, designed for high temperature service, have been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Assessment of the weldability of the advanced austenitic alloys has been conducted at the University of Tennessee. Four aspects of weldability of the advanced austenitic alloys were included in the investigation.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Lundin, C. D.; Qiao, C. Y. P.; Kikuchi, Y.; Shi, C. & Gill, T. P. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The bioenergetics of salt tolerance
The aim of this project was to try to understand the adaptive mechanisms that organisms develop in order to respond to a sudden transformation in their environment to a salt shock.'' To study this problem we used a fresh water oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium known as Synecoccus 6311. This organism suffers injury after this sudden exposure to high concentrations of sodium chloride equivalent to or even higher than that in sea water. Yet they are able to re-establish their photosynthetic activity which is partially injured and return to virtually normal growth rates. Identification of the temporal sequence of changes involved in adaptation to this stress was the rationale. Indeed this project employed a wide variety of biochemical and biophysical methods, including electron spin resonance techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance to study the bioenergetics and transport mechanisms, growth and energy changes in these organisms and how the structural components of the cells changed in response to adaptation to growth at high salinity. The problem has relevance for higher plants because most of the arable farmland in the work is already under use and that which is not used is usually in salite environments. Hence, understanding basic mechanisms of salt tolerance is a …
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Packer, L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MetaBrowser: A combined browsing, query, and analysis tool
The MetaBrowser design is based on the premise that scientists should not be forced to learn new languages or commands for finding the data they are interested in and for selecting subsets of the data for further analysis. Furthermore, there should be a single system that permits browsing, query, and analysis of the data, so that the scientist does not have to switch between systems. The current version for the MetaBrowser was designed for the DOE CEDR (Comprehensive Epidemiological Data Resource) project, but the same principles can apply to other scientific disciplines. Browsing and query should be combined. It is quite natural for a user to explore the information in the database before deciding what subset of the data to select for further analysis. In general, if there is a large number of datasets (i.e. databases) in the system, then the user would want to find out information about the various datasets (called metadata), before choosing one or more datasets for further exploration. Thus, a metadatabase that holds information about datasets in the systems must exist.
Date:
April 1, 1991
Creator:
Shoshani, A. & Szeto, E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library